• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.1032-1036
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 비만에서 아연 공급수준이 다량 무기질 함량에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 고지방식이로 유도된 비만쥐를 대상으로 아연 요구량의 50%(결핍군), 100%(적정군), 200%(과잉군) 수준으로 공급한 후 혈청 및 조직의 칼슘, 마그네슘, 나트륨 및 칼륨의 함량을 분석하였다. 비만쥐에서 아연 결핍군은 적정군에 비해 혈청의 나트륨, 칼륨 및 비장의 마그네슘, 칼륨 함량이 높았고, 간의 나트륨 함량이 낮았으며, 아연 과잉군은 적정군에 비해 간의 칼슘 함량이 높았다. 이와 같이 아연의 결핍과 과잉 시 비만쥐에서는 혈청과 간, 비장 등이 조직 내 다량 무기질의 함량 변화를 초래했으며, 특히 아연 결핍이 더 많은 조직 내 무기질 함량에 변화를 가져왔다. 따라서 비만에 있어서 아연의 적절한 섭취에 대한 중요성이 강조되어야 할 것으로 보이며, 앞으로 대사적 기전을 규명할 수 있는 지속적인 연구가 요구된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.394-405
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• 2011

Osteoporosis is a rising problem, as the older age population is increasing due to prolongation of life. Genetic and environmental factors play key roles in bone metabolism, and diet is also an important factor. We investigated the relationship among factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD), including daily food intake and nutrient intake in men aged >50 years. Seventy-eight men, who visited the health promotion center at one of the university medical centers, were divided into normal and osteopenia groups according to their BMD. The body weight of the normal group was significantly higher than that of the osteopenia group. The osteopenia group showed significantly higher carbohydrate intake and lower calcium and vegetable calcium intake compared to those in the normal group. Lumbar spine BMD was negatively correlated with energy, fat, vitamin B1, and sodium intake in the normal group. Additionally, femoral neck BMD was negatively correlated with total animal protein, energy, protein, fat, phosphorous, iron, animal iron, potassium, vitamin B1, B2, B6, and niacin intake. Lumbar spine BMD was positively correlated with fruit, calcium, vegetable calcium, animal calcium, and vitamin C intake in the osteopenia group. Femoral neck BMD was negatively correlated with meat, dairy product, total animal protein, plant protein, animal protein, vitamin A, and cholesterol intake. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that several dietary factors affected BMD, including energy, fat, vitamin B1, B2, B6, niacin, sodium, protein, iron, animal iron, phosphorous, potassium, and animal protein in the normal group and zinc, calcium, vegetable calcium, animal calcium, vitamin C, fruit, protein, animal protein, meat, dairy product, carbohydrates, cholesterol, vegetables, mushrooms, and seasonings in the osteopenia group. These results indicate that adequate nutrient intake plays an important role maintaining optimum bone health in middle aged men.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2021

This study analyzed the intake of calories and nutrients based on the consumption of black beans. The survey was conducted on 124 college students (male: 42, female: 82), of whom 63.7% (79 students) were consumers of black beans. The calorie intake of the black bean intake group (1599.81±555.48 kcal) was significantly higher than that of the non-black bean intake group (1259.99±507.58 kcal) (P<0.01). The black bean intake group also showed a significantly higher intake of crude protein (P<0.05), plant protein (P<0.01), animal protein (P<0.05), crude fiber (P<0.001), plant calcium (P<0.001), plant iron (P<0.001), zinc (P<0.01), vitamin B2 (P<0.01), vitamin C (P<0.01), vitamin E (P<0.01) and folic acid (P<0.001) compared to the non-black bean intake group. There was a positive correlation between the frequency of black bean intake and crude fiber (P<0.05), plant calcium (P<0.05), plant iron (P<0.05), and folic acid (P<0.05). Overall, the black bean intake group was more likely to eat black sesame 13.82 times (95% CI=5.37, 35.55), white beans 10.79 times (95% CI=3.53, 33.02), mung beans 7.22 times (95% CI=2.58, 20.23), and brown rice 4.72 times (95% CI=1.88, 11.84), than the non-black bean intake group. In conclusion, we believe that black beans constitute a vital food ingredient that is necessary to provide Korean college students with a well-balanced diet.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.434-443
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The intake of sugar has increased worldwide, and it is well established that childhood experiences and food preferences affect lifelong eating habits. To discourage sugar intake, nutrition education was imparted, and the effectiveness of the nutrition education program was investigated by considering the nutrient density and major dietary sources of sugar intake. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Twenty four-hour dietary recall and sugar intake frequency of 96 pre-school children (educated n = 47; non-educated n = 49) were collected on 3 consecutive days (1 weekend day, 2 weekdays) after 11 weeks of imparting nutrition education. Dietary intake of nutrients and total sugar were analyzed, and the intake frequency of sugar source foods were identified. All nutrition education programs were focused on a hands-on education program, and consisted of cooking lab, play, activity, animation, and visual materials. The difference between the two groups was verified by the Chi-square test or t-test. All statistical analysis was performed with significance level at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Compared to the non-educated group, the intakes of protein (P < 0.001), fiber (P < 0.01), potassium (P < 0.05), iron (P < 0.05), zinc (P < 0.05), and iodine (P < 0.001) were significantly higher, and the intakes of carbohydrate (P < 0.01) and total sugar (P < 0.05) were significantly lower in the educated group. The cumulative percent of sugar intake of top 20 sugar source foods in the educated group (82.80%) was lower than that of the non-educated group (85.75%). The contribution of beverages on total sugar intake was lower in the educated group. The average frequency of consuming sugary foods was significantly lower in the educated group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that nutrition education on discouraging sugar intake is effective in reducing the amount of total sugar consumed, resulting higher nutrient density in the diets of pre-school children.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.430-436
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• 1999

This study investigated the correlations among nutrient intakes, and immune status in Korean young women in relation to body mass index(BMI). Subjects were classified as underweight, normal or overweight, with anthropometric measurements of these three groups significatly different in terms of weight, body fat, waist measurement, hip measurement, waist/hip ratio(WHR), and skindfold thickness(p<0.001). Average vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, calcium and zinc levles were lower than the Korean RDA. Vitamin A levels were found to be significantly correlated with BMI(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in total T and B lymphocytes or IgG, IgG, and IgM levels with respect to BMI, but Natural Killer(NK) cell levels were found significantly increased with increased BMI(p<0.05). BMI was also positively correlated with iron intake and negatively correlated with vitamin A intake in the normal group. Based upon this study, further research on nutritional, immune and trace-mineral status of overweight and underweight young women is required for better health promotion in this female populaton.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.869-879
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate on nutrient intake status and diet quality of middle and old aged vegetarian women in Korea, The research group was composed of vegetarian women (n=91), all of them were Seven Day Adventists, who had been on vegetarian diets, over 20 yrs. Their anthropometric measurements, dietary intakes, and diet quality indices were compared to omnivores (n=122). The average age of vegetarians and omnivores were 61.8 yrs and 60.3 yrs, respectively. The mean daily energy intakes of vegetarians and omnivores were 1428.8 kcal and 1424.5 kcal, respectively and there was no significant difference. The vegetarians consumed significantly lower intakes of protein (p < 0.05), zinc (p < 0.001) and vitamin $B_{2}$ (p < 0.05) compared to omnivores. In the diet quality, zinc and vitamin $B_{2}$ nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of vegetarians were significantly lower than those of omnivores. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of vegetarians and omnivores were 0.80 and 0.77, respectively and there was no significant difference. The KDDS (Korean's Dietary Diversity Score) of vegetarians and omnivores were 3.7 and 4.0, respectively, and there was significant difference (p < 0.01). The KDQI (Korean's Diet Quality Index) of vegetarians (1.5) was significantly lower than that (2.1) of omnivores (p < 0.001). In conclusion, vegetarian women have low intake status of protein, zinc and vitamin $B_{2}$, and partly low diet quality. Therefore it was needed that well planed diets to replace the nutrients supplied from excluded food groups in middle and old aged vegetarian women. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) : $869\∼879$, 2005)

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.159-168
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• 1998

This survey was carried out to obtain the information concerning nutritional status, including factors of food intake and health condition of elderly living in Ulsan area. Main results were as follows. 1) Average height of subjects was close to Korean reference, while weight was below Korean reference, average obesity rate and body mass index were +6.93% and 21.9. 2) In health related factors, 41% of subjects exercised regularly, 31.6% of subjects drank alcoholic beverage, and 41.4% of subjects smoked currently. 3) Mean food habits score was 32.1(ranging from 10 to 50) and milk and lipid food intake were decreased. 4) Dietary intake data showed the average daily intake of all nutrients except phosphorus, were lower than RDA, especially vitamin A, calcium and zinc were lower than other nutrients. According to the percentage of RDA, vitamin A was the nutrient found to be least sufficient. 5) Among the various influential factors resident type, pocket money, exercise and smoking influenced on nutrient intake considerably

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.483-494
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nutritional status on the cell-mediated and humoral immunity in female college students. The nutritional status of twenty subjects was determined by six-days food records, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical assessments of serum nutrients. Cell-mediated and humoral immunity of the subjects was analyzed by in vivo and in vitro assessments. The results were summerized as follows : First, The average daily energy intake was 1437Kcal(CHO : PRO : FAT = 61:13:26), which corresponds to 71.9% of RDA. Anthropometric measurements showed that 50% of the subjects was under-weight(BMI<20), only 5% was over-weight(25

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.41-60
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• 2024

The number of elderly in care facilities is increasing in parallel with a rapid increase in the elderly population in Korea. We analyzed the meal satisfaction ratings, food preferences, and nutritional intakes of 74 patients aged ≥65 years living in a nursing hospital in Daegu. Food preferences were high for cooked rice, rice gruel, meat soup, soybean paste stew, beef, frozen pollack, squid, egg, spinach, sea mustard, cabbage kimchi, apple, peanut, drinking yogurt, pickled perilla leaves, and salted squid. Preferences for duck (P<0.01) and vegetable (P<0.01) cooking method were significantly different for men and women, and preference for soybean paste stew increased with age (P<0.05). Regarding nutrient intakes, men had higher energy (P<0.01), carbohydrates (P<0.05), and zinc (P<0.05) intakes than women, while women had higher vitamin C (P<0.05) intake than men. Furthermore, energy (P<0.001), carbohydrates (P<0.001), protein (P<0.05), dietary fiber (P<0.01), vitamin B₆ (P<0.01), phosphorus (P<0.05), and zinc (P<0.001) intakes significantly decreased with age. Men had a significantly higher nutrient adequacy ratios (NARs) for carbohydrates (P<0.05) and cal- cium (P<0.01) than women, while women had a significantly higher NARs for protein (P<0.05), vitamin A (P<0.01), vitamin C (P<0.05), thiamine (P<0.01), riboflavin (P<0.001), iron (P<0.001), and zinc (P<0.01). Mean adequacy ratios were 0.69 for men and 0.75 for women. In particular, NARs for carbohydrates (P<0.01), vitamin B₆ (P<0.01), and calcium (P<0.05) decreased significantly with age. In summary, the study shows that supplementing vitamin C, vitamin B₆, calcium, and iron, reducing sodium, and providing meals that reflect preferences will improve the nutritional statuses of elderly residents in a nursing hospital.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2012

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in western countries or in the developed countries. Zinc intake has been associated with decreased risk of CRC. We investigated the effect of zinc on the formation of colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) induced by azoxymethane followed by dextran sodium sulfate in mice. Five-week old ICR mice were fed with the different zinc levels (0.01, 0.1, 1 ppm) for 12 weeks. The numbers of ACF were measured in the colonic mucosa. The ACF number of HZn group was significantly low compared with LZn group or MZn group. Cytosolic superoxide dismutase activity was the highest in HZn group, while thiobarbituric acid reactive substance level for lipid peroxidation was the highest in LZn group. There was no difference in number of PCNA-positive proliferative cells among the groups. TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells were increased in HZn group compared with LZn group. The HZn group exhibited a decrease of ${\beta}$-catenin immunostaining areas compared with the LZn or MZn group. These findings indicate that dietary zinc might exert a protecting effect against colon carcinogenesis by inhibiting the development of ACF in the mice.