• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.61-77
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• 1999

This study investigated characteristics of children's coping behaviors in the context of perceived controllability of stress in hassles with parent(s), friend-alienation, friend-conflict, and in learning situations. The subjects were 489 sixth grade children selected from seven elementary schools in Seoul. Statistical analysis was by ANOVA, Scheffe' test, and MANOVA. Major findings were that (1) Active, passive, aggressive, and avoidant coping differed by perceived controllability of stress in all 4 stress situations. The children who perceived a higher level of controllability were more active, and less passive, aggressive, and avoidant in coping with each hassle. (2) Perceived controllability was higher in learning related than in friend-conflict situations. Active, passive, and social support seeking coping behavior was higher in learning related stress situations than in friend-conflict situations. Avoidant coping behavior was lower in learning related than in friend-conflict situations.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.847-860
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to obtain basic data needed to understand school-age children's parent-child communication style, stress coping behaviors, and child behavior problems. The subject of this study were 362 primary school children (the fourth and the sixth graders) and their mothers in "D" Metropolitan City, Korea. The research tools included standardized parent-child communication style scale (Min,l991), stress coping behaviors scale (Min,1998), and child behavior problems scale (Hun,l996). The data were analyzed using statistical techniques such as Mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentile, t-test, F-test, pearson's correlational analysis, stepwise regression analysis. In the relationship between child perceived parent-child communication style and stress coping behaviors, the children who make open communication with their parents demonstrate high problem-solving, support-seeking coping behavior. The children with closed communication with their parents have high hope expectation, revenge coping behavior. In the relationship between child perceived parent-child communication style and child behavior problem, the children making more closed communication with their parents show more behavior problems. The children with more closed communication with their mothers have more hyperactive behaviors, aggressive behaviors, and immature behaviors, and the children who are making more closed communication retain more anxious behaviors and withdrawn behaviors. In the relationship between child stress coping behaviors and behavior problems, the more problem-solving and support-seeking coping behaviors the children possess, the less problem behaviors they demonstrate. The more hope expectation, revenge coping behavior the children possess, the more problem behaviors they show. With the results above, we can find out that parent-child communication style has an effect on stress coping behavior, and parent-child communication style and stress coping behavior have an influence on child behavior problem.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the level stress in rearing children and quality of life of mothers of children with disabilities and to identify the relationship between stress of rearing these children and quality of life of the mothers. Method: A descriptive, correlational study design was used. The participants in this study were 225 mothers of children with disabilities. With SPSS, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. Results: 1) The mean score for maternal stress in rearing children with disabilities was 3.46, and for quality of life, 2.80. 2) Stress in rearing these children had a negative correlation with quality of life (r=-.761, p=.000). Conclusion: It is suggested that intervention programs to decrease the stress of rearing these children and increase the quality of life should be offered to mothers of children with disabilities.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.1-18
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• 2015

Following the protocols for meta-analysis process, this study aims to determine the current state and effectiveness of stress reduction programs for young children. A population, intervention, comparisons, outcomes, study design strategy was established, and 2,322 pieces of literature from 3 electronic databases of RISS, KISS and DBpia using the key words such as"young children stress"were reviewed. Twenty-seven of these references met inclusion and exclusion criteria for systematic review and 19 references were selected for meta-analysis. Analysis results are as follows. (1) Most of the literature was published around 2010. Many types of stress reduction programs were related to physical activity for 5-year-old children. (2) Stress reduction programs were found to have positive effects on young children's stress reduction and especially, psychological therapy activity programs are more effective than others. The implications of the systematic review findings are discussed in the article.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.470-478
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to describe parenting stress in mothers of preschoolers who were born prematurely and to determine factors affecting parenting stress in child's problem behavior, mother-child interaction and parenting alliance. Methods: An exploratory survey study was conducted with 66 mothers of preschool children (5~6 years) with preterm births (PTB). Data were collected using Parenting Stress Index (PSI), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Mother-Preschool Child Interaction Scale (MPIS), and Parenting Alliance Inventory (PAI). Results: Of the 66 mothers, 8(12.1%) showed high scores that were more than borderline for the PSI total score. In the multiple linear regression analysis, lower scores on the PAI (${\beta}=-.41$, p<.001), higher scores on the externalizing problem behavior of the CBCL (${\beta}=.40$, p=.001), and lower scores on the MPIS (${\beta}=-.21$, p=.043) were statistically significant contributors to maternal parenting stress. Conclusion: Findings indicate that mothers of PTB preschool children are at risk for parenting stress. Child's externalizing problem behavior, poor maternal-child interaction and parenting alliance were independent factors raising maternal parenting stress. More attention is needed on paternal parenting support, child's behavioral development, interaction with children for effective prevention and management of maternal parenting stress of PTB young children.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.145-162
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in parental involvement and parenting stress according to the father's personality type. Methods: The subjects of this study were 302 fathers with children aged three to five living in Seoul, and a survey was conducted on their Big Five personality types, parental involvement, and parenting stress.The collected data were analyzed using K-means cluster analysis and covariance analysis. Results: In this study, fathers' personality types were classified into four types: 'sincerity, friendship, openness'(21.5%), 'neuroticism'(27.8%), 'sincerity'(29.4%), and 'low sincerity'(21.1%). These are the exact same Fathers in the 'sincere, friendly, open' group showed higher parental involvement and lower parental stress, while fathers in the 'neurotic' group showed lower parenting involvement and higher parenting stress. Conclusion/Implications: There was a difference in parental involvement and parenting stress according to the father's personality type.Based on these results, it is expected that the understanding of the father's personality will be come clearer and the foundation for constructing a program related to parenting which considers personality types will be established.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.241-253
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and test a model of the happiness of mothers with young children based on the stress-coping-adaptation model of Lazarus and Folkman. Methods: The data collection period was from May to July 2016. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data from 210 mothers with children under 5 years of age living in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Gangwon provinces. The exogenous variable was parenting stress, and the endogenous variables were parenting alliance, depression, optimism, ways of coping, and happiness. Data from 201 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 20.0 programs. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. Results: The final modified model showed a reasonable fit to the data, and out of 25 paths, 13 were statistically significant. This model explained 78.4% of the variance in the happiness of mothers with young children and confirmed that depression, optimism, parenting alliance, and social support-focused coping have a direct effect on the subject's happiness. Parenting stress also influenced happiness through parenting alliance, depression, and optimism. Conclusion: In order to bolster the happiness of mothers with young children, positive psychological interventions that can minimize psychological vulnerabilities, such as depression, and that can enhance their strengths, such as optimism, may serve as effective ways of coping with and adapting to stress.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.37-52
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• 2013

This study was performed to model the effects of ego strength, stress coping styles, fear of negative evaluation, and the effects these concepts have upon children's peer relationships. Data were collected from 580 fifth and six graders in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. In summary, the results indicated the following. Firstly, there were significant correlations between ego strength, stress coping styles, fear of negative evaluation, and peer relationships. Secondly, the ego strength of children was found to have direct influences upon their stress coping styles, fear of negative evaluation and peer relationships. Thirdly, out of stress coping styles of children affected by ego strength, only the negative coping style was found to significantly influence the fear of negative evaluation and peer relationships. Fourth, the fear of negative evaluation on the part of children was affected by ego strength and negative stress coping styles, and in particular, negative stress coping styles influenced peer relationships through the anxiety induced from interpersonal relationships.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a multi agent obesity control program in obese school children. This program was composed of strategies to modify diet and exercise habits and to change cognitive behavior variables(stress, coping, and self-efficacy). Method: The subjects were 40 obese school children who participated in our project voluntarily via homepage, TV, newspaper, public paper and school official documents. The program was implemented daily for 4 sessions per day for ten days from August 16 to 26, 2004. The daily program consisted of exercise therapy, dance therapy, cognitive behavior therapy and aroma therapy. The data was analyzed by paired t-test using the SPSSWIN program. Result: There was a significant decrease in children's waist-hip ratio(p=.04) and in children's stress(p=.00) after the program. There was a significant increase in children's self-confidence after the program(p=.02) and a significant decrease in children's diet habit after the program(p=.02). Conclusion: This study provides evidence that a multiagent obese control program is effective in changing waist-hip ratio, stress, self-confidence, and diet habits in obese school children.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.61-81
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• 2019

This study aims to examine the relative effects of marital conflict, social support, satisfaction with early childhood care and education centers, and family-friendly policies on the parenting stress of working mothers. The data were drawn from the 4th and 7th waves of the Panel Study of Korean Children (PSKC). Participants comprised 252 working mothers with infant children (4th wave) and children in the early childhood stage (7th wave). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients and hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS 22.0. The major findings were that marital conflict, emotional support, and the implementation of family-friendly policies significantly affected the parenting stress of working mothers with infant children. Additionally, marital conflict and satisfaction with early childhood care and education centers had significant effects on the parenting stress of working mothers with children in the early childhood stage. These findings emphasize the importance of considering a child's developmental stage in reducing parenting stress.