• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2017

말기 간경변은 간이식이 아니면 근본적 회복을 기대하기 어려운 질환으로, 환자와 가족의 장기간의 고통을 수반하기에 호스피스 완화의료적 접근에 대한 고려가 필요하며 이와 관련된 논의와 법규 정비가 이루어지고 있다. 말기 간경변에 따른 여러 증상은 다양한 중증도를 갖기에 그 대상자를 선별함에 주의가 필요하고, 일반적으로 Child-Pugh 분류상 C단계의 비대상성 환자들 중 적극 치료해도 호전되지 않는 간신증후군, 간성 뇌증 및 정맥류 출혈 환자로 한정하고 있다. 간이식이라는 완치적 치료법이 있는 점도 호스피스 완화의료적 접근 전에 충분히 환자 및 가족들과 상의 되어야 한다. 이러한 의학적 상태에 대한 판단은 때론 다변적이고 경계가 모호한 경우가 많아, 장기간의 진료와 평가를 기반으로 하는 것이 바람직하다. 따라서, 말기 간경변 환자에서 호스피스 완화치료 대상자의 선별은 전문 치료와 호스피스 완화치료 사이에 균형을 이루고 최선의 치료가 될 수 있도록, 간질환 전문가를 비롯한 여러 전문가들의 상호 협의와 다학제적 접근을 통해 이루어져야 한다. 본문에서는 호스피스 완화의료적 측면에서 말기 간경변이 갖는 특징과 고려해야 할 사항에 대해서 간략히 검토해 보고자 한다.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2014

A specific and sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of porphyrins (coproporphyrin, pentacarboxylporphyrin, hexacarboxylporphyrin, heptacarboxylporphyrin, and uroporphyrin) in human plasma and urine. Acidified plasma samples and urine samples were prepared by using liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate and protein precipitation with acetonitrile, respectively. The separation was achieved onto a Synergi Fusion RP column ($150mm{\times}2.0mm$, $4{\mu}m$) with a gradient elution of mobile phase A (0.1% formic acid in 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate, v/v) and mobile phase B (20% methanol in acetonitrile, v/v) at a flow rate of $450{\mu}L$/min. Porphyrins and the internal standard (IS), coproporphyrin I-$^{15}N_4$, were detected by a tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ion source operating in positive ion mode. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions of the protonated precursor ions and the related product ions were optimized to increase selectivity and sensitivity. The proposed method was validated by assessing selectivity, linearity, limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, accuracy, recovery, and stability. The calibration curves were obtained in the range of 0.1-100 nmol/L and the LOQs were estimated as 0.1 nmol/L for all porphyrins. Results obtained from the validation study of porphyrins showed good accuracy, precision, recovery, and stability. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to clinical studies on the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis of 203 Korean children.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.81-93
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• 2006

This study was carried out to examine the actual condition of health promotion program through oriental medicine in the health center and to provide basic data to develop proper policy of oriental medical health promotion program for the community people. The data were collected from 26 health centers which have been implementing the oriental medical health promotion program, using selfadministered questionnaire for two weeks from 1 October to 15 October 2006. The results are as follows : Generally, the respondents have the positive views on the level of budget and facilities/equipments of the oriental medical health promotion program in health center. However, they have the negative views on the level of manpower and education/training of the program. And also more than 70% of the respondents have the negative opinion on capabilities of formulating and evaluating the oriental medical health promotion program. The respondents indicated that there was the lack of coordination between the oriental medical health promotion program and existing health promotion in health center, and that low rate of utilizing community resources. With regard to the method of selecting the target group for the program, there are differences according to the each program. Many programs tended to select the target group not through the criteria of life-course and illness group but through the efficiency of selecting group. And many programs such as stroke prevention program, constitutional medicine program, oriental medical prenatal program, oriental medical prenatal and postnatal program, oriental medical child care program are mainly composed of the development of educational program and lecture. Regarding the number of the present oriental medical health promotion programs, around 65% of respondents answered that the number of the programs was many and thus they needed to decrease to the proper level. And with regard to the priority of the need, effectiveness and the satisfaction for each programs, on the whole, Qui gong program, stroke prevention program, area-specialty program and oriental medical home visiting program have high score. In particular, oriental medical quit-smoking program has lowest score. From these results, it requires to develop and improve the oriental medical health promotion program in health center considering the need and characteristics of community.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.372-383
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• 1998

For the purpose to analysis the characteristics of traffic accidents(TA) and investigate the relationship between traffic accidents and children attention problem rating scale(CAP) and, family environment scale(FES), this questionnaire survey was conducted to the 16 primary school students in Taejon from July 14 to August 26, 1997. The number of study subjects who had an experience of traffic accidents from July 1, 1996 to June 30, 1997 were 195, and the number of control sujects were 512. The main results were as follows; 1. The traffic accident rates was 0.9% as a whole, but those were 1.4% in boys, 0.7% in girls, 1.3% in low (1st-3rd) grade, and 0.8% in high (4th-6th) grade. 2. The rates of traffic accidents were high in spring, friday, afternoon and a drive-way around home. TA occurred during walking with friends most frequently. 3. In CAP the score of inattention was lower in TA group than control group, and hyperactivity was higher in TA group but they didn't showed significantly different. In FES, cohesion score was higher in TA group than control group, but Conflict score and Expressiveness score were in control group, but they didn't showed significantly different. 4. In CAP the odds ratio of inattention score for TA group was 0.84, but that of hyperactivity score was 1.15. In FES, the odds ratio of cohesion score was 1.06, but that of expression score and conflict score was 0.94 and 0.96, respectively. In conclusion, the relationships between TA and CAP, TA and FES in this study were not clear to explain personal characteristics and environmental conditions.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.88-98
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• 2004

Objectives : The 3rd community health plan let health centers select and promote core projects considering budget and manpower. This study analyzed the content and selection processes of core projects, using the nationwide 3rd community health plans, to give relevant information on health center policies. Methods : Classification criteria for content analysis of core projects were established and verified through a literature review and by specialist discussions. Fifty plans were selected by stratified proportional random sampling for regional characteristics. And coding criteria standardized through coding repetition and discussion, by 2 persons (k>0.7). Using stratified proportional random sampling for 16 cities and provinces, regional characteristics, 117 plans were selected, and the contents of the core project selection processes and program contents analyzed. Results : The survey was used by 59.8 % of samples as a core project decision-making method. The partici- pants included 98.6, 81.4, 40 and 38.6% of the health staffs, residents, medical institutions, and administrators, respectively. Discussion was used by 15.4% of samples. The participants were health staffs by 100% as a great. The ranking of the frequencies of the selected core projects were, in order; chronic disease control, health promotion, elderly health, maternal-child health, and oral health at 16.4, 14.8, 14.3, 12.7 and 11.9%, respectively. Analyses on the chronic disease control and elderly health contents showed the diversity of object disease, high rates of visitors on patient detection programs, high rates of unclear target populations, and the provision of medical exams and treatments as the main services, with high variations in business per-formance. The national health budgets for health centers in 2003 were about 910 and 240 million won for chronic disease control and elderly health, respectively, which were less than for the other five priority core projects. Conclusions : The chronic disease control and elderly health at the health centers were not standardized for object disease, patient detection program, target population, service provision, and national support budget was insufficient. Thus it is necessary to develop standard guidelines, and increase financial support, for chronic disease control and elderly health

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.209-221
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• 2000

I began the study to identify the issues related to knowledge. attitude and behavior regarding smoking by sixth graders. which will ultimately lead to the development of a smoking prevention program that will not only help deter school-age children from smoking, but also make them aware of the more desirable behaviors and techniques for healthier life. The results are as follows: 1. Smoking Behavior: Of the focus group. 4.15% are current smokers and 18.23% are ever smokers. 2. Correlation between smoking knowledge and ever smoking: Ever smoking sample($11.10{\pm}3.66$) is less knowledge able than the never-smoking sample($12.17{\pm}3.95$), (t=3.23. p=.001). 3. Correlation between smoking attitude and ever smoking: Ever smoking sample($28.12{\pm}8.51$) was less desirable than the never-smoking sample($l2.17{\pm}3.95$). (t=8.24, p=.000). 4. Correlation between smoking Knowledge and smoking attitude: knowledge about smoking and attitude toward smoking are quantitatively correlated in such way that the more knowledgeable the child is about smoking. the more desirable the attitude toward smoking is(r=.17. p=.000). 5. Correlation between socio-anthropological characteristics and ever smoking: family . atmosphere($x^2$=16.49. p=.001), school life ($x^2$=l1.58, p= .003), grades in school( $x^2$=11.89. p=.003), gender($x^2$=8.97. p=.003). friends' gathering place($x^2$=13.19. p=.02), marital status of parents(p* =.03). and family's financial status($x^2$=6.71. p=.035). In addition, Correlation between somking-environmental characteristics and ever smoking: number of friends who smoke($x^2$=76.01. p=.001). information source for smoking($x^2$=48.03. p=.001), whether or not siblings smoke($x^2$=26.07, p=.001), whether or not female relatives smoke ( $x^2$= 15.65. p= .001), whether or not father smokes ($x^2$= 12.10. p= .007), errands to buy cigarettes for someone($x^2$=9.18. p=.010), and whether or not male relatives smoke ($x^2$=8.82. p=.35) 6. Results of the logistic analysis performed to identify the factors correlated to ever smoking show that: one point decrease in attitude score translates to 25.39 times' increase in ever smoking one person decrease in the number of friends who smoke translates to 0.66 times' decrease in ever smoking: the group where the father has quit smoking has 1.40 times more ever smoking than the group where the father does not smoke at all: and likewise, the group where the father currently smokes has 1.40 times more ever smoking than the group where the father has quit smoking. 7. The overall cause-and-effect relationship between the ever smoking and the related factors: attitude toward smoking caused ever smoking by -.43, smoking by friends, by .12, marital status of arents, by .05, school life. by .04, gender, by -.03, and smoking by father, by -.02. Knowledge about smoking (t=-1.67) did not cause significant effects on ever smoking.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.91-119
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• 2011

본 연구는 비판 과학 관점의 철학이 내재된 2007년 개정 가정과 교육과정의 성격과 목표에 준한 교육내용 선정 및 조직을 위해, 개정 교육과정의 성격 및 목표에 부합하는 항구적 문제와, 이와 관련한 중학생의 당면한 실천적 문제 및 사회적 이슈를 파악하여, 비판 과학 관점의 실전적 문제 중심 가정과 교육과정의 내용 선정 및 조직 방식에 부합하는 틀을 제시하는 데에 있었다. 이를 위해, 2007년 개정 가정과 교육과정과 선도적인 미국의 주 교육과정 등을 분석하여 항구적인 본질을 갖는 실천적 문제와 사회적 이슈를 추출하였으며, 이와 함께 서울과 경기지역 6개 중학교의 3학년 473명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 이를 통해 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2007년 개정 가정과 교육과정의 성격과 목표에 부합하는 항구적인 본질을 갖는 실천적 문제는 총 6개가 추출되었다. 둘째, 6개의 항구적 문제의 하위 실천적 문제에 대해 진로 설계, 자기계발과 대인관계 등 27개의 관심사가 높은 반응(전체 평균 3.0점 이상)을 보였다. 셋째, 6개의 항구적 문제와 관련해 중학생들은 청소년 문제, 편중된 직업 선호, 적성을 고려하지 않은 진로 선택 문제, 자살, 인터넷 중독 문제, 학교폭력, 외모 지향과 돈 관리 문제, 내 집 마련 문제와 과소비, 가족과 함께하는 시간 부족 문제 등 30개의 사회적 이슈(전체 응답자의 1/3 이상)에 관심을 보였다. 넷째, 2007년 개정 가정과 교육과정의 성격과 목표에 준한 교육내용 선정 및 조직을 위해, 항구적인 본질을 갖는 실천적 문제와 사회적 이슈에 대한 학생들의 관심사를 반영한 비판적 관점의 교육과정 틀을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2011

Objectives: Being overweight or obese is central to metabolic syndrome, and these characteristics constitute dominant risk factors for chronic diseases. Although behavioral factors, including eating habits and sedentary lifestyles, are considered to be determinants of obesity, the specific childhood factors that contribute to this condition have not been clearly defined. Methods: The subjects consisted of 261 children aged 7- 9 years who were recruited from an elementary school during October 2003. Information was obtained from their parents using a questionnaire focused on eating behaviors and lifestyle factors, additional data were also collected via anthropometric measurements and biochemical examinations, including blood tests. Results: A total of 48 (18.4%) of the 261 children were overweight, and 34 (70.8%) had at least one other component of metabolic syndrome. Eating behaviors emerged as significant lifestyle-related risk factors for being overweight or obese. Those who engaged in overeating more than twice per week had three times the risk of being overweight (odds ratio [OR], 3.10, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39 to 6.92), and those who ate rapidly had three times the risk of being overweight (OR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.68 to 6.41). Those who had fewer family meals (fewer than 2?3/month) had a nine times higher risk of being overweight than those who had family meals more frequently (at least 1/day) (OR, 9.51; 95% CI, 1.21 to 74.82). Conclusions: This study showed that being overweight or obese during preadolescence is associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome and is related to unhealthy eating behaviors. Thus, weight-control strategies and healthy eating behaviors should be developed early in life to reduce the risk for metabolic syndrome.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.1619-1626
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• 2010

본 연구는 한국과 일본의 일부지역 여대생들을 대상으로 식습관과 식품기호도를 조사 비교함으로써 우리나라 여대생들의 식생활 실태를 대외적 차원에서 파악하고자 하였으며 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 한국여대생은 일본여대생에 비해 체중에는 차이가 없었으나 신장이 더 커서 BMI는 더 적었다. 한국여대생은 일본여대생보다 밥식과 된장국 섭취횟수는 많았으나 아침 결식과 외식 횟수는 2배 이상 높았고 패스트푸드, 인스턴트식품, 냉동식품의 섭취 횟수가 높아 식습관이 바람직하지 못하였으며 활동 정도도 낮았다. 양국 대학생들은 모두 생선류보다는 육류와 우유 및 유제품에 대한 기호도가 높아 식생활의 서구화 경향을 보였고 채소류보다는 과일류에 대한 기호도가 높아 단맛에 대한 기호를 나타내었다. 한국여대생은 일본여대생과 비교하여 육류에 대한 기호도에는 차이가 없었으나 곡류, 생선류, 콩 및 콩제품, 채소류, 김을 제외한 해조류에 대한 기호도가 낮았으며 반면에 우유와 요구르트에 대한 기호도는 높았다. 결론적으로 한국여대생은 일본여대생에 비해 아침 결식, 외식, 패스트푸드, 인스턴트식품, 냉동식품의 섭취 횟수가 높아 바람직하지 못한 식습관을 지니고 있었고 식품기호도에서도 섭취를 권장하는 생선류, 콩 및 콩제품, 채소류, 해조류에 대한 기호도가 낮아 전반적으로 바람직하지 못한 식생활실태를 보였으며 더욱이 활동 정도까지 낮아 일본여대생보다 장차 식생활과 관련한 질병 유발 가능성을 더 많이 내포하고 있었다. 따라서 여대생 자신의 건강과 미래의 가정과 사회를 이끌 그들의 위치를 고려하여 우리나라 여대생들이 이러한 자신들의 실태를 자각하고 식습관을 바르게 교정하여 바람직한 식생활을 할 수 있도록 이와 관련한 교육이 절실히 요구된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.1223-1233
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 대학생들의 진로의사결정유형과 진로의식성숙정도를 파악하고, 진로의사결정유형에 따른 진로의식성숙에서의 차이를 알아봄으로써 진로지도에 도움이 될 수 있는 지침개발의 기초자료로 제공하고자 함이다. 본 연구의 대상은 6개 대학에 재학 중인 대학생 223명이다. 대학생들의 진로의사결정유형에서 합리적 의사결정점수가 가장 높았고, 다음으로 직관적 의사결정, 의존적 의사결정 순으로 나타났다. 진로의식성숙에서 스스로 진로를 정하는 진로독립성, 진로관여성은 높은데 비해 직업선택에 대한 긍정적인 태도나 진로타협성은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 학년에 따른 진로의식 성숙에서는 2, 3학년에 비해 1, 4학년이 진로결정성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 사회경제적 수준에 따른 진로의식 성숙에서도 상류층은 하류층에 비해 진로결정성이 높았으나 진로독립성은 낮았다. 진로의사결정유형에 따른 진로의식성숙에서는 합리적 의사결정유형집단이 의존적 의사결정유형집단에 비해 진로독립성이 높고 직업 선택의 태도가 긍정적이었다. 본 연구는 대학생의 의사결정유형에 따른 진로의식성숙의 차이를 보여 진로지도에서 의사결정유형의 중요성을 인식시켰으며, 더불어 대학교 취업교육현장에서 진로의식성숙을 함양하기 위한 개입 방안을 모색하는데 도움이 될 것이다.