• 약학회지
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 2000

A new synthetic method of 6-(1-oxyalkyl)-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinones was developed, 2-formyl-1,4,5,8-tetramethoxynaphthalene was oxidized to form 6-formyl-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone(DMNQ). This was selectively reduced and benzylated to produce 6-formyl-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-dibenzyloxynaphthalene, to which various alkylmagnesium halide were added, followed by debenzylation and oxidation in sequence, yielding 6-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-DMNQ derivatives. 6-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-5,8-diethoxy-1,4-naphthalene (DENQ) derivatives were synthesized by similar procedure. 1'-OH of the naphthoquinone derivatives was acylated with various alkanoic acids to give 6-(1-acyloxyalkyl)-DMNQ or DENQ derivatives. TOPO-I inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity of DENQs were less potent than that of DMNQs. Among the DMNQ and DENQ analogues, the ones with alkyl group being heptyl were most potent in TOPO-I inhibition $IC_{50}$/; 30.1, 36.4 $\mu$M). DUNQ derivatives with a longer side chain exhibited a weaker cytotoxicity. A correlation between size of the alkyl side chain and cytotoxicity was not observed for DENQ derivatives. Acylation of 1'-hydroxyl group, in general, decreased both TOPO-I inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity T/C (%) values of the DENQ derivatives on S-180 intraperitoneal tumor were larger than those of DMNQ derivatives. Among the compounds synthesized,6-(1-hydroxyheptyl)-DENQ and 6-(1-hex-anoyloxyoctyl)-DMNQ showed the highest T/C values of 183% and 182%, respectively.

• 한국육종학회지
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.429-436
• /
• 2009

We conducted a QTL analysis of grain quality traits using 117 $BC_3F_4$ and $BC_3F_5$ lines developed from a cross between Ilpumbyeo and Moroberekan. Genotypes of 117 $BC_3F_5$ lines were determined using 134 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A linkage map constructed using 134 SSR markers was employed to characterize quantitative trait loci (QTL). The 117 $BC_3F_4$ and $BC_3F_5$ lines were evaluated for eleven grain quality traits in 2005 and 2006. A total of 18 QTLs were identified for eleven traits, and the phenotypic variance explained by each QTL ranged from 9.9% to 35.2%. Moroberekan alleles contributed positive effects in the Ilpumbyeo background at two QTL loci for 1,000 grain weight. Four QTLs, two for chalky rice and one each for 1,000 grain weight and head rice were consistently detected in two consecutive years indicating that these QTLs are stable. Clusters of QTLs were observed in three chromosome regions. One cluster harboring five QTLs including head rice and brown rice ratio near SSR markers RM190 and RM314 was detected on chromosome 6. Another cluster harboring grain weight and white belly was detected on chromosome 2. Increase in white belly at this locus might be due to the increase in grain weight due to the presence of the Moroberekan allele. The Moroberekan alleles at two QTL loci, gw3 and gw4 associated with increased grain weight might be useful in breeding programs to develop high-yielding cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• 제23권8호
• /
• pp.821-827
• /
• 2022

Objective: To determine the anatomical characteristics of the petrous ridge and trigeminal nerve in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) without neurovascular compression (NVC). Materials and Methods: From May 2017 to March 2021, 66 patients (49 female and 17 male; mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 56.8 ± 13.3 years) with TN without NVC and 57 controls (46 female and 11 male; 52.0 ± 15.6 years) were enrolled. The angle of the petrous ridge (APR) and angle of the trigeminal nerve (ATN) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging with a high-resolution three-dimensional T2 sequence. Data on the symptomatic side were compared with those on the asymptomatic side in patients and with the mean measurements of the bilateral sides in controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the performance of APR and ATN in distinguishing TN patients from controls. Results: In TN patients without NVC, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of APR on the symptomatic side (98.40° ± 19.75°) was significantly smaller than that of the asymptomatic side (105.59° ± 22.45°, p = 0.019) and controls (108.44° ± 15.98°, p = 0.003). The mean ATN ± SD on the symptomatic side (144.41° ± 8.92°) was significantly smaller than that of the asymptomatic side (149.67° ± 8.09°, p = 0.003) and controls (150.45° ± 8.48°, p = 0.001). The area under the ROC curve for distinguishing TN patients from controls was 0.673 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.579-0.758) for APR and 0.700 (CI: 0.607-0.782) for ATN. The sensitivity and specificity using the diagnostic cutoff yielding the highest Youden index were 81.8% (54/66) and 49.1% (28/57), respectively, for APR (with a cutoff score of 94.30°) and 65.2% (43/66) and 66.7% (38/57), respectively, for ATN (cutoff score, 148.25°). Conclusion: In patients with TN without NVC, APR and ATN were smaller than those in controls, which may explain the potential cause of TN and provide additional information for diagnosis.

• 식물조직배양학회지
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.341-346
• /
• 1998

색소유전자의 전이를 통하여 새로운 색소발현체계를 가진 품종을 육종하기 위한 기초연구로 stock (Matthiola incana R. Br.)의 꽃봉오리로부터 cDNA-library를 합성하였고 screening을 통하여 anthocyanin 합성경로의 중요효소의 하나인 DFR (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase) 유전자를 분리하였다. 염기서열분석을 수행하여 분리유전자의 크기가 1450bp 이며 이중 coding region은 1029 bp 임을 확인하였다. 이미 밝혀진 다른 식물체의 DFR 유전자와 서로 염기서열의 일치성을 비교해 본 결과 외자엽식물인 옥수수와 보리와는 각각 61%를 보였으며, 쌍자엽식물인 페튜니아, 금어초, 거베라, 과꽃 그리고 카네이션 등 과는 66%-67%의 일치성을 나타내었다. 아울러 염기서열의 G/C 함량분석을 통하여 쌍자엽식물의 G/C 함량은 외자엽식물의 그것에 비해 매우 낮은 수치를 나타내었다. 분리유전자의 발현을 확인하기 위하여 인위적으로 기내에서의 전사와 해석을 수행한 결과 42-44 kd 크기의 단백질을 확인하였다. Southern blot 분석의 결과 DFR 유전자는 stock의 genome에 다른 대부분의 식물체와 유사하게 한 개가 존재하며 야생종과 돌연변이종의 stock을 분리 DFR 유전자를 probe 로 Northern blot 분석을 수행하여 돌연변이종인 lineK17b가 DFR 돌연변이임을 확인하였다.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 1990

adr아형 B형 간염바이러스의 preS2유전자 부위를lacZ 유전자의 5말단에 연결하여 preS2-$\beta$-galactosidase 융합단백질을 생성하는 플라스미드, pTSZ를 건설하였다. 갈본된 preS2 유전자의 3' 및 5발단을 결손시켜 얻은 재조합 플라스미드를 발현시킨 후 결손된 preS2를 포함하는 융합단백질의 항원성을 단일클론항체 H8을 사용하여 비교하며 보았다. 양말단에서 일정부위까지의 결손은 항원성에 영향을 미치지 않았지만 그 이상의 결손에 의하여는 항윈성이 소실됨을 볼 수 있었다. 이상의 항원성 전한부위를 DNA 염기서열 분석에 의하여 결정할 수 있었다. 그 결과 항원결정인자의 양말단은 preS2 서열 중 아미노산 전기 130-132와 140→142 사이에 각각 존재함을 알 수 있었고, 아미노산 143번의 결손은 항원성의 부분적인 감소를 초래하는 것으로 보아 항원성 결정에 보충적 역할을 한다고 생각된다. 한편 adr과 adw2아형 간의 아미노산서열의 차이가 항원결정부위 중 130, 132 및 141번 위치에 존재하며 단일를론항체 H8이 adr아형에만 특이하게 결합하는 것으로 부터, 세 잔기 중 하나 혹은 그 이상이 아형특이성에 관여한다고 추정된다.

• 한국육종학회지
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.414-421
• /
• 2008

We conducted a QTL analysis of agronomic traits using 117 $BC_3F_5$ and $BC_3F_6$ lines developed from a cross between Ilpumbyeo and Moroberekan. Genotypes of 117 $BC_3F_5$ lines were determined using 134 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 832 Moroberekan chromosome segments with 410 homozygous and 422 heterozygous, respectively, were detected, and the genetic distance of introgression segments ranged from 0.5 cm to 112.1 cm. A linkage map constructed using 134 SSR markers was employed to characterize quantitative trait loci (QTL). The 117 $BC_3F_5$ and $BC_3F_6$ lines were evaluated for seven agronomic traits at two locations in 2006 and 2007 and at one location in 2007. A total of 26 QTLs were identified for seven traits including days to heading, and the phenotypic variance explained by each QTL ranged from 9.2% to 24.2%. Moroberekan alleles contributed positive effects in the Ilpumbyeo background at eleven QTL loci including panicle length and spikelets per panicle. Five QTLs, two for days to heading and one each for culm length, panicle length and spikelets per panicle were consistently detected in every occasions indicating that these QTLs are stable. Among them, two QTLs, spp6 for spikelets per panicle and pl6 for paniclel length were localized in the similar region. Increase in spikelets per panicle at this locus might be due to the increase in panicle length, because both traits were associated with increase in spikelets per panicle and panicle length due to the presence of the Moroberekan allele. These Moroberekan QTLs might be useful in breeding programs to develop high-yielding cultivars.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.463-470
• /
• 2020

삼림지역의 고목에서 분리한 JS18 균주는 합성 멜라닌을 탈색하는 세포 외 분비효소를 생산했다. JS18 균주의 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 염기서열을 분석하고 계통학적으로 확인한 결과 본 균주는 Trametes velutina로 동정되었다. JS18 균주는 laccase 활성을 나타냈지만 manganese peroxidase 및 lignin peroxidase 활성은 나타내지 않았다. 본 균주를 회분배양한 결과 멜라닌 탈색 활성은 laccase 활성으로부터 유래하는 것으로 확인되었다. Laccase 유도인자로써 Syringic acid 및 CuSO4를 첨가하고 25℃에서 7일간 배양한 결과 배양상등액에서 98 U/ml의 laccase 활성을 나타내었다. GYP 배지에서 배양한 T. velutina의 배양상등액에서 ammonium sulfate 침전, Hi-trap Q Sepharose 컬럼 및 gel filtration을 이용하여 효소를 정제하였고, SDS-PAGE에서 약 67 kDa의 분자량을 나타내었다. 정제된 효소의 멜라닌 탈색율은 효소 단독으로는 24 시간 만에 단지 4% 만을 나타내는 반면, HBT의 존재 하에서는 80%로 향상되었다. 또한 1.5 mM HBT의 농도에서는 최대 81%의 멜라닌 탈색율을 나타내었다. 본 효소의 멜라닌 탈색에 대한 최적 pH 및 온도는 각각 5.0와 37℃를 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 T. velutina JS18 유래 laccase가 촉매하는 멜라닌 탈색 반응에서 redox mediator로써 HBT의 적용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.829-839
• /
• 2021

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced radial T1-weighted gradient-echo 3-tesla (3T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) for the detection of visceral pleural surface invasion (VPSI). Visceral pleural invasion by non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be classified into two types: PL1 (without VPSI), invasion of the elastic layer of the visceral pleura without reaching the visceral pleural surface, and PL2 (with VPSI), full invasion of the visceral pleura. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three patients with pathologically confirmed VPSI by NSCLC were retrospectively reviewed. Multidetector CT and contrast-enhanced 3T MRI with a free-breathing radial three-dimensional fat-suppressed volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) pulse sequence were compared in terms of the length of contact, angle of mass margin, and arch distance-to-maximum tumor diameter ratio. Supplemental evaluation of the tumor-pleura interface (smooth versus irregular) could only be performed with MRI (not discernible on CT). Results: At the tumor-pleura interface, radial VIBE MRI revealed a smooth margin in 20 of 21 patients without VPSI and an irregular margin in 10 of 12 patients with VPSI, yielding an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F-score for VPSI detection of 91%, 83%, 95%, 91%, 91%, and 87%, respectively. The McNemar test and receiver operating characteristics curve analysis revealed no significant differences between the diagnostic accuracies of CT and MRI for evaluating the contact length, angle of mass margin, or arch distance-to-maximum tumor diameter ratio as predictors of VPSI. Conclusion: The diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced radial T1-weighted gradient-echo 3T MRI and CT were equal in terms of the contact length, angle of mass margin, and arch distance-to-maximum tumor diameter ratio. The advantage of MRI is its clear depiction of the tumor-pleura interface margin, facilitating VPSI detection.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경과학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표회 프로그램
• /
• pp.2-4
• /
• 1998

Proliferation of Nocardia amarae cells in activated sludge has often been associated with the generation of nuisance foams. Despite intense research activities in recent years to examine the causes and control of Nocardia foaming in activated sludge, the foaming continued to persist throughout the activated sludge treatment plants in United States. In addition to causing various operational problems to treatment processes, the presence of Nocardia may have secondary effects on the fate of heavy metals that are not well known. For example, for treatment plants facing more stringent metal removal requirements, potential metal removal by Nocardia cells in foaming activated sludge would be a welcome secondary effect. In contrast, with new viosolid disposal regulations in place (Code o( Federal Regulation No. 503), higher concentration of metals in biosolids from foaming activated sludge could create management problems. The goal of this research was to investigate the metal sorption property of Nocardia amarae cells grown in batch reactors and in chemostat reactors. Specific surface area and metal sorption characteristics of N. amarae cells harvested at various growth stages were compared. Three metals examined in this study were copper, cadmium and nickel. Nocardia amarae strain (SRWTP isolate) used in this study was obtained from the University of California at Berkeley. The pure culture was grown in 4L batch reactor containing mineral salt medium with sodium acetate as the sole carbon source. In order to quantify the sorption of heavy metal ions to N amarae cell surfaces, cells from the batch reactor were harvested, washed, and suspended in 30mL centrifuge tubes. Metal sorption studies were conducted at pH 7.0 and ionlc strength of 10-2M. The sorption Isotherm showed that the cells harvested from the stationary and endogenous growth phase exhibited significantly higher metal sorption capacity than the cells from the exponential phase. The sequence of preferential uptake of metals by N. amarae cells was Cu>Cd>Ni. The specific surFace area of Nocardia cells was determined by a dye adsorption method. N.amarae cells growing at ewponential phase had significantly less specific surface area than that of stationary phase, indicating that the lower metal sorption capacity of Nocardia cells growing at exponential phase may be due to the lower specific surface area. The growth conditions of Nocardia cells in continuous culture affect their cell surface properties, thereby governing the adsorption capacity of heavy metal. The comparison of dye sorption isotherms for Nocardia cells growing at various growth rates revealed that the cell surface area increased with increasing sludge age, indicating that the cell surface area is highly dependent on the steady-state growth rate. The highest specific surface area of 199m21g was obtained from N.amarae cell harvested at 0.33 day-1 of growth rate. This result suggests that growth condition not only alters the structure of Nocardia cell wall but also affects the surface area, thus yielding more binding sites of metal removal. After reaching the steady-state condition at dilution rate, metal adsorption isotherms were used to determine the equilibrium distributions of metals between aqueous and Nocardia cell surfaces. The metal sorption capacity of Nocardia biomass harvested from 0.33 day-1 of growth rate was significantly higher than that of cells harvested from 0.5- and 1-day-1 operation, indicatng that N.amarae cells with a lower growth rate have higher sorpion capacity. This result was in close agreement with the trend observed from the batch study. To evaluate the effect of Nocardia cells on the metal binding capacity of activated sludge, specific surface area and metal sorption capacity of the mixture of Nocardia pure cultures and activated sludge biomass were determined by a series of batch experiments. The higher levels of Nocardia cells in the Nocardia-activated sludge samples resulted in the higher specific surface area, explaining the higher metal sorption sites by the mixed luquor samples containing greater amounts on Nocardia cells. The effect of Nocardia cells on the metal sorption capacity of activated sludge was evaluated by spiking an activated sludge sample with various amounts of pre culture Nocardia cells. The results of the Langmuir isotherm model fitted to the metal sorption by various mixtures of Nocardia and activated sludge indicated that the mixture containing higher Nocardia levels had higher metal adsorption capacity than the mixture containing lower Nocardia levels. At Nocardia levels above 100mg/g VSS, the metal sorption capacity of activate sludge increased proportionally with the amount of Noeardia cells present in the mixed liquor, indicating that the presence of Nocardia may increase the viosorption capacity of activated sludge.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.275-283
• /
• 2012

초고층 건축물의 선행 코어 후행 슬래브 접합부, 지하 연속벽과 바닥구조의 접합부, 임시 개구부 등 신구 콘크리트 접합부의 철근 이음을 위하여, 다수의 커플러를 전단키가 있는 얇은 강판에 설치한 철근 이음용 매립 강판이 최근 개발되었다. 이 공법을 사용한 접합부의 구조 성능을 검증하기 위하여, 벽체-슬래브 접합부에 대한 반복하중 실험을 실시하였다. 비교를 위해 기존에 사용되는 굽힌 철근 박스를 이용한 접합부와 이음이 없는 접합부도 함께 실험하였다. 실험 결과 철근 이음용 매립 강판을 사용한 접합부는 이음이 없는 접합부와 동일하게 [인장철근 항복]-[충분한 휨변형]-[압축 콘크리트 압괴] 후 압축 철근의 좌굴로 파괴되었다. 따라서 설계에서 가정한 충분한 연성 거동을 확인할 수 있었다. 반면, 굽힌 철근 박스를 사용한 접합부의 경우, 탄성구간에서는 철근 이음용 매립 강판과 유사하게 거동하였으나, 측면 피복 콘크리트가 빨리 탈락되었으며, 슬래브 상하부면의 겹침이음 구간에 부착 균열이 다수 발생하였다. 최종적으로 이음 없는 실험체 및 철근 이음용 매립 강판을 사용한 실험체에 비해 강도와 변형능력이 저하되었다. 또한 굽힌 후편 철근을 겹침이음한 실험체가 철근 이음용 매립 강판을 적용한 경우에 비해 강성 저하가 빠르게 진행되었다. 굽힌 후편 철근의 탄성계수는 직선 철근에 비해 낮고, 완전한 직선으로 펼 수 없기 때문에 인장력을 받으면서 일부 구간이 펴지므로 접합부의 강성을 저하시킨 것으로 판단된다. 2종류의 철근 지름(D13, D16)과 강종(SD300, SD400)에 대해, 철근이음용 매립 강판을 적용한 접합부는 공칭 강도를 충분히 상회하였다. 그러나 굽힌 후 편 철근을 사용하면 강종이 높을수록 그리고 지름이 굵을수록 휨강도가 저하되었다. 따라서 굽힌 후 편 철근의 사용에 주의가 필요하다.