• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.512-519
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• 2009

Among patients who visited each clinical department for oriental medical treatments, anthropometric measurement, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and blood lipid profile level were measured at their first initial visit. 55 subject patients who were diagnosed as having metabolic syndrome and 150 mg/dL or more of triglyceride were selected as subjects whose fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were measured after fasting. According to each patient's disease, the subject received treatments such as herb medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping therapy, physical therapy and rehabilitation therapy from each clinical department, and after an average of 4.10${\pm}$0.31 weeks, another test was performed yielding the following results. Serum triglyceride was 243.72${\pm}$13.05 mg/dL before the oriental medical treatment and 188.11${\pm}$12.17 mg/dL after the treatment where although it continued to show an abnormal value even after the treatment, there was statistically significant decrease compared to pre treatment(P<0.05). Serum total cholesterol was 207.50${\pm}$5.89 mg/dL before the oriental medical treatment and 192.37${\pm}$5.53 mg/dL after the treatment which was statistically insignificant compared to pre treatment(P>0.05). Serum HDL cholesterol was 51.19${\pm}$3.95 mg/dL before the oriental medical treatment and increased to 52.53${\pm}$1.49 mg/dL after the treatment although it was statistically insignificant compared to pre treatment(P>0.05). Serum LDL cholesterol was 110.66${\pm}$5.86 mg/dL before the oriental medical treatment and decreased to 106.12${\pm}$4.82 mg/dL after the treatment although it was statistically insignificant compared to pre treatment(P>0.05). In regards to the change of triglyceride for each sex, it was 221.84${\pm}$14.01 mg/dL before the treatment and 187.00${\pm}$15.47 mg/dL after the treatment for men, and it was 271.50${\pm}$22.78 mg/dL and 189.53${\pm}$19.76 mg/dL respectively for women where even though men and women showed the decrease of 34.84${\pm}$12.79 mg/dL and 81.96${\pm}$20.01 mg/dL respectively, both men and women continue to show abnormal values after the treatments. However, there was statistically significant decrease compared to pre treatment(P<0.05). In regards to the change of total cholesterol for each sex, with 198.24${\pm}$7.60 mg/dL for men before the treatment and 188.93${\pm}$7.45 mg/dL after the treatment, values for both before and after the treatment were within the normal range where the change value was 9.30${\pm}$5.86 mg/dL and statistically insignificant(P>0.05). For women, it was 219.26${\pm}$8.87 mg/dL and 196.73${\pm}$8.43 mg/dL respectively for women where with 22.53${\pm}$7.60 mg/dL, it decreased to the normal level after the treatment, and there was a statistically significant decrease compared to pre treatment(P<0.05). With such results, serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels of patients who have been diagnosed as having metabolic syndrome were observed to decrease after the oriental medical treatment. Especially, for both men and women, abnormally high triglyceride level decreased while the effect of lipid profile improvement for women was more significant compared to men.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 1988

This study was done to investigate the interplanting effects of corn, when a corn hybrid with tillers (IK derivaties) was interplanted with a corn hybrid without tillers(Jinjoo Ok). The interplanting ratios of two hybrids, IK and Jinjoo Ok, were 1 to 1, 1 to 2, 1 to 3, 2 to 1, and 3 to 1. The interp1anting effects were compared with monoculture for major agronomic characteristics. 1. The plant height was increased when interplanted regardless of the interplanting ratios of the two hybrids. The general growth of IK hybrid was a little hindered when the interplanting ratio of Jinjoo Ok hybrid increased. 2. The number of tillers produced by the IK hybrid increased until 40 days after emergence and appeared to increase as the interplanting ratio of IK hybrid increased. 3. When monocultured, the fresh weight of IK hybrid per 10a was 8,096kg and and 6,677kg at silking and dough stages, respectively and these were 77%, 53% over the fresh weight of Jinjoo Ok at the sarne stages. When IK and Jinjoo Ok hybrids were interplanted in 1 to 1 ratio, the fresh weight of IK was 20% higher than that of Jinjoo Ok monocultured. 4. The highest grain yield per 10a was obtained from the Jinjoo Ok hybrid monocultured and the yield was 434kg. Even the interplanting ratios between IK and Jinjoo Ok were 1 to 1 and 1 to 3, the grain yield of Jinjoo Ok was 16% and 13% over the IK, respectively. 5. Root and stalk lodging of IK hybrid was 29% when monocultured and seemed to increase as the interplanting ratio of Jinjoo Ok increased. The lowest lodging was found when the interplanting ratio of IK and Jinjoo Ok was 1 to 1. 6. Stem diameter of IK hybrid was also decreased as the interplanting ratio of Jinjoo Ok increased. The ear height of IK was lowered as the interplanting ratio of IK was increased. The two hybrids tested seemed to have tolerance to the black streaked dwarf virus(BSDV).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.556-566
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• 2014

In this study, we collected 29 Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) genetic resources from 10 countries to confirm the possibility of the introduction into Korea. The Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) has the broad industrial use like feed and the 5 times more strong $CO_2$ absorption capacity compared to general plant. So recently it is considered as a good industrial source. We analyzed ecotype, growth and development, yield and feed value of collected resources. They were divided into 3 groups depending on flowering time, early maturing type blooming in early July, mid-late maturing type blooming from end of August to early September and late maturing type blooming in end of October. Early maturing type could get fruitful seed but dropped yield (average 7,895 kg/10a) and late maturing type could get high yield (average 12,572 kg/10a) but deletion. The other side mid-late maturing type could get yield over a certain level (average 11,207 kg/10a) and fruitful seed was ensured. The yields analyzed by resources indicated that K12 (Hongma 300) collected in China, K25 from India, K22 from Russia and K21 (Khonkaen 60) variety from China were more than 13,500 kg per 10a. Feed value of early maturing type had inclined to more better than other types, but like dry digestible matter (DDM) and dry matter intake (DMI) of some late maturing types like K12, K21, K22 which had a high yielding ability were more better than that of early maturing types'. So relative feed value (RFV) which considered comprehensive item for feed value were indicated K21 was 102.5, K12 was 116.2 and K22 was 120.2. 'Jangdae' the variety developed in Korea which could complement of other types' had a good quality for yield 10,975 kg/10a and 12.5% crude protein content and 101.9 of the relative feed value. So we need to be taken power to collection of mid-late maturing types resources.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 1987

To obtain basic information concerning the soybean cultivar differences of physiological and ecological responses to soil pH to select and breed stably higher yielding cultivars, and to improve cultural management of soil differing in pH, the responses of soybean plants in growth, grain yield, nodule formation and its activity, and major chemical compositions of soybean plants were investigated using six cultivars and two levels of soil pH 5 and 7 of the pot and field experimental soil in Suwon, 1985. Acidic soil condition suppressed overall vegetative growth of soybean plants and thereby decreased stem length, number of nodes, leaf area, dry weight of the plants, root activity, nodulation and nodule activity, the content of allantoin nitrogen, total nitrogen, phosphorous, calcium, and magnesium of the plants. Due to the such responses of soybean plants to the acid soil, grain yield also decreased along with less grains per plant. However, the little difference in growth and yield of the cultivar Janbaeglcong in response to soil pH is considered to be a good source of breeding materials tolerant to acidic soil condition. In this regard Bongeui and Oialkong also were relatively stable in the growth and grain yield under the different soil acidity conditions.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.205-209
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• 2018

'Saemimyeon,' a Tongil-type rice variety (Indica x Japonica), containing high amylose content, is suitable for rice noodle production. Currently, the major parts of the rice processing industry that include products such as rice flour and noodles are expected to partially replace the wheat flour market. The volume of the rice noodle market is growing and can contribute to the rice surplus problems and farmer's income. This study was carried out to promote productivity of 'Saemimyeon' by finding the most suitable transplanting times in Youngnam Province. The transplanting times were May $10^{th}$, May $17^{th}$, May $24^{th}$, May $31^{th}$, June $7^{th}$, and June $14^{th}$ and the planting distance was $30{\times}12cm$. The field experiment was conducted in the Miryang region (southern plain region of Korea) from 2015 to 2017. Our results suggested that the optimum transplanting dates were from May $17^{th}$ to May $31^{th}$, which resulted in an average yield of 750 kg/10 a. The average grain filling rate before May $31^{th}$ was more than 83% and it declined to 75% after June $7^{th}$. The average temperature range from heading to harvesting time was $21{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ and the estimated optimal temperature was $24^{\circ}C$, which is similar to that of May $24^{th}$ by regression equation. It is suggested that low temperature at seed maturation time caused the lower grain filling rate, and therefore 'Saemimyeon' needed to be transplanted before May $31^{th}$ for higher productivity. Estimated optimal transplanting time based on temperature was 1 ~ 2 weeks earlier than the optimum transplanting time for common japonica rice cultivars in Youngnam Province.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.8-9
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• 2017

Soybean yield has been low and unstable in Japan and other areas in East Asia, despite long history of cultivation. This is contrasting with consistent increase of yield in North and South America. This presentation tries to describe perspective of breaking stagnation of soybean yield in East Asia, considering the factors of the different yields between regions. Large amount of rainfall with occasional dry-spell in the summer is a nature of monsoon climate and as frequently stated excess water is the factor of low and unstable soybean yield. For example, there exists a great deal of field-to-field variation in yield of 'Tanbaguro' soybean, which is reputed for high market value and thus cultivated intensively and this results in low average yield. According to our field survey, a major portion of yield variation occurs in early growth period. Soybean production on drained paddy fields is also vulnerable to drought stress after flowering. An analysis at the above study site demonstrated a substantial field-to-field variation of canopy transpiration activity in the mid-summer, but the variation of pod-set was not as large as that of early growth. As frequently mentioned by the contest winners of good practice farming, avoidance of excess water problem in the early growth period is of greatest importance. A series of technological development took place in Japan in crop management for stable crop establishment and growth, that includes seed-bed preparation with ridge and/or chisel ploughing, adjustment of seed moisture content, seed treatment with mancozeb+metalaxyl and the water table control system, FOEAS. A unique success is seen in the tidal swamp area in South Sumatra with the Saturated Soil Culture (SSC), which is for managing acidity problem of pyrite soils. In 2016, an average yield of $2.4tha^{-1}$ was recorded for a 450 ha area with SSC (Ghulamahdi 2017, personal communication). This is a sort of raised bed culture and thus the moisture condition is kept markedly stable during growth period. For genetic control, too, many attempts are on-going for better emergence and plant growth after emergence under excess water. There seems to exist two aspects of excess water resistance, one related to phytophthora resistance and the other with better growth under excess water. The improvement for the latter is particularly challenging and genomic approach is expected to be effectively utilized. The crop model simulation would estimate/evaluate the impact of environmental and genetic factors. But comprehensive crop models for soybean are mainly for cultivations on upland fields and crop response to excess water is not fully accounted for. A soybean model for production on drained paddy fields under monsoon climate is demanded to coordinate technological development under changing climate. We recently recognized that the yield potential of recent US cultivars is greater than that of Japanese cultivars and this also may be responsible for different yield trends. Cultivar comparisons proved that higher yields are associated with greater biomass production specifically during early seed filling, in which high and well sustained activity of leaf gas exchange is related. In fact, the leaf stomatal conductance is considered to have been improved during last a couple of decades in the USA through selections for high yield in several crop species. It is suspected that priority to product quality of soybean as food crop, especially large seed size in Japan, did not allow efficient improvement of productivity. We also recently found a substantial variation of yielding performance under an environment of Indonesia among divergent cultivars from tropical and temperate regions through in a part biomass productivity. Gas exchange activity again seems to be involved. Unlike in North America where transpiration adjustment is considered necessary to avoid terminal drought, under the monsoon climate with wet summer plants with higher activity of gas exchange than current level might be advantageous. In order to explore higher or better-adjusted canopy function, the methodological development is demanded for canopy-level evaluation of transpiration activity. The stagnation of soybean yield would be broken through controlling variable water environment and breeding efforts to improve the quality-oriented cultivars for stable and high yield.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine suitable angle of Tibia-foot and the X-ray tube for scaphoid in foot X-ray examination. A total of twenty patients(mean age $32.12{\pm}years)$ are participated in this study. In the positions of Foot AP, internal and external oblique, tibia-foot angle was defined as $90^{\circ}$ and $135^{\circ}$, and x-ray tube angle was defined as $0^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$ and $20^{\circ}$ respectively. The image quality was evaluated with blind test yielding scores ranging from 0 to 5 by the evaluation team consisted of 2 radiogical technologists, 2 radiologists, and 2 orthopedic surgeons. In case of Foot AP position, the degree of overlap between cuneiform and navicular was 3% and the blind test result was 4.89 at tibia-foot angle of $90^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ X-ray tube angle. When the tibia-foot angle is $135^{\circ}$, the degree of overlap was 5%, also the blind test result was 4.30 at $15^{\circ}$ X-ray tube angle. The degree of overlap and blind test result were 30% and 3.75 respectively at $0^{\circ}$ X-ray tube angle. In case of internal oblique position, at tibia-foot angle of $90^{\circ}$ and $0^{\circ}$ X-ray tube angle, the degree of overlap was 4% and the blind test result was 4.70. The 5% overlapping and highest score as 4.55 were obtained on tibia-foot angle of $135^{\circ}$ and $0^{\circ}$ X-ray tube angle. In case of external oblique position, at tibia-foot angle of $90^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ X-ray tube angle, the degree of overlap was 4% and the blind test score was 4.85. The 5% overlapping and highest score as 4.75 were obtained on tibia-foot angle of $135^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ X-ray tube angle. In conclusion, we confirmed suitable angle of tibia-foot and X-ray tube for scaph46oid in foot X-ray examination in this study. These findings will be helpful for us to reading for navicular fracture.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 1974

According to the content of sugar and starch of each positional leaf sheath and internode at heading and 4 weeks after it using IR667-Suwon 214 (high yielding var. having tropical Indica parantage) and Jinheung (local leading var. temperate Japonica) rice grown in various cultivation seasons the suitability of grouping into the high sugar type (sugar>starch), sugar, tendency (increasing tendency in sugar content), high starh type (starch>sugar) and starch tendency (increasing tendency in starch) in carbohydrate metabolism was reexamined as follows. 1. Sugar tendency appeared strongly in IR667 than Jinheung, internode than leaf sheath, late season cultivation than early season, 4 weeks after than heading and high temperature than low temperature. Thus at heading, leaf sheath and internode of Jinheung in early and late season cultivation were high starch type, and lower internode in early season cultiattion and leaf sheath and internode in late season for IR667 were high sugar type. In very late season all internodes of both varieties except 1st internode of Jinheung at heading were high starch type. At four week after heading all leaf sheaths except 1st and 4th one of Jinheung and all internodes were high sugar type. High sugar type was intensified 4 weeks after heading in leaf sheaths than in internodes of IR667 in early season and of both varieties in late season. 2. The upper three leaf sheaths and internodes seem to work in the same way for carbohydrate translocation. Among them upper ones showed sugar tendency at heading and starch tendency 4 weeks after heading and it was clear in Jinheung. 3. The later the cultivation season, the higher the carbohydrate content (sugar+starch), and such tendency was clear 4 weeks after heading and in IR667, suggesting teanslocation inhibition by low temperature. 4. Grain filling rate (weight increase per day) was more rapid in early season cultivation and IR667 took shorter days to reach maximum rate. 5. The later the cultivation season, the greater the percent contribution of carbohydrate before heading to yield and it was always greater in IR667, a leaf sheath type. 6. Sugar and starch ratio appears to be determined principally by metabolic characteristics of variety according to growth process and secondly but considerably by environmental factors.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.354-362
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• 1994

Objectives and Methods : The presence of aneuploidy or high proliferative activity in cytologic specimens is considered as complementary for the diagnosis of malignancy. To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of DNA ploidy and cell cycle analysis in lung cancer, we compared the diagnostic yielding rates of DNA ploidy test by brushing specimens using flow cytometry with bronchoscopic forceps biopsy and brushing cytology. Results : Of the seventy-six cases, 55 cases proved to have malignant diseases(squamous cell cancer: 27, adenocarcinoma: 7, large cell cancer: 1, undifferentiated: 4 and small cell cancer: 16). The incidence of aneuploidy in lung cancer patients was 32.7%(18/55), as opposed to no cases in benign disease. And the proportion of high proliferative activity(S+G2M>22%) in lung cancer patients was 42.9%(15/35), but none in benign diseases. In fifty-six of 75 cases(74.7%), cytology of brushing specimens and DNA analysis(either aneuploidy or high proliferative activity vs. diploidy and low proliferative activity) were in concordance. The sensitivity with only brushing cytology was 41.8%(23/55), but with the addition of DNA analysis, it was increased to 56.4%(31/55), without decreasing the specificity(100%). And there was a case whose clue for malignancy was absent except aneuploidy, and he was confirmed to have squamous cell cancer following open thoracotomy. There were no differences in the frequency of aneuploidy or high proliferative activity between histologic subtypes of bronchogenic malignancy. Conclusions : The diagnostic detection rate of lung cancer was improved with the addition of DNA ploidy and cell cycle analysis, and the presence of aneuploidy or high proliferative activity was a relatively specific indicator of malignant disease. It would be useful to test DNA ploidy and cell cycle analysis with brushing specimen for the diagnosis of bronchogenic malignancy particularly in patients whose biopsy specimen could not be obtainable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.2-4
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• 1998

Proliferation of Nocardia amarae cells in activated sludge has often been associated with the generation of nuisance foams. Despite intense research activities in recent years to examine the causes and control of Nocardia foaming in activated sludge, the foaming continued to persist throughout the activated sludge treatment plants in United States. In addition to causing various operational problems to treatment processes, the presence of Nocardia may have secondary effects on the fate of heavy metals that are not well known. For example, for treatment plants facing more stringent metal removal requirements, potential metal removal by Nocardia cells in foaming activated sludge would be a welcome secondary effect. In contrast, with new viosolid disposal regulations in place (Code o( Federal Regulation No. 503), higher concentration of metals in biosolids from foaming activated sludge could create management problems. The goal of this research was to investigate the metal sorption property of Nocardia amarae cells grown in batch reactors and in chemostat reactors. Specific surface area and metal sorption characteristics of N. amarae cells harvested at various growth stages were compared. Three metals examined in this study were copper, cadmium and nickel. Nocardia amarae strain (SRWTP isolate) used in this study was obtained from the University of California at Berkeley. The pure culture was grown in 4L batch reactor containing mineral salt medium with sodium acetate as the sole carbon source. In order to quantify the sorption of heavy metal ions to N amarae cell surfaces, cells from the batch reactor were harvested, washed, and suspended in 30mL centrifuge tubes. Metal sorption studies were conducted at pH 7.0 and ionlc strength of 10-2M. The sorption Isotherm showed that the cells harvested from the stationary and endogenous growth phase exhibited significantly higher metal sorption capacity than the cells from the exponential phase. The sequence of preferential uptake of metals by N. amarae cells was Cu>Cd>Ni. The specific surFace area of Nocardia cells was determined by a dye adsorption method. N.amarae cells growing at ewponential phase had significantly less specific surface area than that of stationary phase, indicating that the lower metal sorption capacity of Nocardia cells growing at exponential phase may be due to the lower specific surface area. The growth conditions of Nocardia cells in continuous culture affect their cell surface properties, thereby governing the adsorption capacity of heavy metal. The comparison of dye sorption isotherms for Nocardia cells growing at various growth rates revealed that the cell surface area increased with increasing sludge age, indicating that the cell surface area is highly dependent on the steady-state growth rate. The highest specific surface area of 199m21g was obtained from N.amarae cell harvested at 0.33 day-1 of growth rate. This result suggests that growth condition not only alters the structure of Nocardia cell wall but also affects the surface area, thus yielding more binding sites of metal removal. After reaching the steady-state condition at dilution rate, metal adsorption isotherms were used to determine the equilibrium distributions of metals between aqueous and Nocardia cell surfaces. The metal sorption capacity of Nocardia biomass harvested from 0.33 day-1 of growth rate was significantly higher than that of cells harvested from 0.5- and 1-day-1 operation, indicatng that N.amarae cells with a lower growth rate have higher sorpion capacity. This result was in close agreement with the trend observed from the batch study. To evaluate the effect of Nocardia cells on the metal binding capacity of activated sludge, specific surface area and metal sorption capacity of the mixture of Nocardia pure cultures and activated sludge biomass were determined by a series of batch experiments. The higher levels of Nocardia cells in the Nocardia-activated sludge samples resulted in the higher specific surface area, explaining the higher metal sorption sites by the mixed luquor samples containing greater amounts on Nocardia cells. The effect of Nocardia cells on the metal sorption capacity of activated sludge was evaluated by spiking an activated sludge sample with various amounts of pre culture Nocardia cells. The results of the Langmuir isotherm model fitted to the metal sorption by various mixtures of Nocardia and activated sludge indicated that the mixture containing higher Nocardia levels had higher metal adsorption capacity than the mixture containing lower Nocardia levels. At Nocardia levels above 100mg/g VSS, the metal sorption capacity of activate sludge increased proportionally with the amount of Noeardia cells present in the mixed liquor, indicating that the presence of Nocardia may increase the viosorption capacity of activated sludge.