• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.390-393
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• 2008

We analyzed the landuse change, quantify the area covered by majors food crops (Paddy, Wheat, Barely, Maize, Millet and Potato) and their productivity trends in Terai, Nepal from 1987 to 2006. We used series of area covered by each single crop and production data published by Government of Nepal, Central Bureau of Statistics and Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. Our results indicated that the agriculture land has increased by about 47% while forest has decreased by 32% between 1964 and 2001 in Terai. Whilst the total cropped area has increased by 19% between 1987 and 2006. The highest incremental change has observed in Potato by 234% followed by Wheat 31%, Maize 20% and Paddy 12% and so on. However, data revealed with very low crops productivity and it showed less than half of its potential except in Potato. The average yield of food crops /hectare /year during last 20 year has found only 3.094 metric tons. Only Potato has gained high average yield by 10.34 metric tons. While others crops yielded entirely low. 3 periods moving average depicted that the productivity trend of Barely and Millet has stagnant while others crops showed slightly up and down and increasing steadily over time. Further study is needed to comprehend the linkage of food productivity in the present food supply to demand and food security system in Terai, Nepal.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.575-580
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• 2011

The cultivation of once-over harvest pepper cultivars might be very valuable to Korean farmers who still depend on traditional hand-harvesting method. Thus, we conducted this experiment to obtain important information for enhancing the productivity of once-over harvest red pepper fruits by supplying several nutrient-controlling and growth-regulating chemicals, such as $KH_2PO_4$, $SiO_2$ and 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon). Adequate fertilization was provided in each treatment plots. In this study, two once-over harvest pepper cultivars, Saengryeg No. 211 and 213 (SR 211 and SR 213), and one regular piecemeal harvest pepper cultivar, Kangryegdaetong (KRDT), were cultivated to evaluate the productivity of pepper fruit as affected by above chemicals. The distribution of macro- and micro-nutrients in pepper fruits among the cultivars were different in term of N, B, Cu, and Fe concentrations. In particular, the concentration of B in SR 213 was about 2 times higher than that in SR 211 and KRDT. However, overall red pepper productivity of SR 211 was markedly higher ($2.91{\sim}3.38Mg\;ha^{-1}$) than that ($1.68{\sim}2.37Mg\;ha^{-1}$) of SR 213. Also, the productivity of matured red pepper was significantly influenced by the treatments of $KH_{2}PO_{4}$, $SiO_2$ and ethephon. The yield indices for matured red pepper fruits were the highest with the treatment of $KH_2PO_4$ or $SiO_2$ with ethephon, which were 113~116% for SR 211 and 147~150% for SR 213. Thus, the applications of $KH_2PO_4$ or $SiO_2$ with ethephon would be suggested to enhance the productivity of matured red pepper fruit.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to determine growth characteristics, dry matter (DM) yield, seasonal yield distribution and nutritive value of early- and late maturity orchardgrass, 1990 to 1992. The cultivars used in this study were Potomac, Hallmark (early maturing cultivar) and Lidacta, Rancho (late maturing cultivar), and a mixture plot (Potomac 25% + Hallmark 25% + Lidacta 25% + Rancho 25%) was involved. The seeding rate was 20 kgha in all treatments. Plant height of Potomac and Hallmark was longer than that of Lidacta and Rancho. The dates of initial heading and 50% heading of early maturing cultivars (Apr. 30 and May 10) were 10 days earlier than those of late matuing cultivars. Potomac and Hallmark were upright, and Lidacta and Rancho were semi-upright type, and severe disease and weeds (30 ~ 40%) were observed at Lidacta plot. On an average of three years, the DM yields of Potomac (10,549 kglna), Hallmark (10,435 kg) and mixture (10,356 kg) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of Rancho (9,457 kg) and Lidacta (8,218 kg). However, seasonal yield distribution of late maturing cultivars was better than that of early maturing cultivars. The contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, nitrogen %ee extract, aude ash, neutral detergent fiber, P, K, Ca, and Mg were not significantly different between cultivars, but higher aude protein yield was found at Potomac, Hallmark and mixture plots. Based on the above results, it may be concluded that early maturing cultivars for high productivity, late maturing cultivars for seasonal yield distribution, and seeding of mixture andlor separation of early- and late maturing cultivars are recommended. Also Lidacta was a not promising cultivar due to low productivity, severe disease, and high weeds development.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2017

Corn is basal forage for livestock species in Republic of Korea but it lacks protein and needs nitrogenous fertilizer. This study was designed with main objective to achieve optimum growth, yield & nutritive value of forage for livestock through implementing corn-soybean intercropping strategy at 17 different places under Korean condition. Two treatments; corn as monocrop (control treatment) and corn-soybean intercrop were compared under Randomized Block Design from $28^{th}$ May to $8^{th}$ October, 2015. Each treatment had three replicates in each block, whereas seventeen different places were considered as blocks. Data were analyzed through SAS-9.1.3 software. Difference between two treatment means was tested through T-test. Findings depicted that intercropping pattern could not influence (P>0.05) corn plant & ear height, corn lodged stalk No. and corn stalks number. However, corn-soybean intercropping enhanced (P<0.05) forage productivity in terms of total fresh yield ($16.4{\pm}0.7^b$ vs. $19.9{\pm}0.7^atons\;ha^{-1}$), total dry matter yield ($5.38{\pm}0.25^b$ vs. $6.41{\pm}0.31^atons\;ha^{-1}$) and total digestible nutrients yield ($3.94{\pm}0.17^b$ vs. $4.59{\pm}0.21^atons\;ha^{-1}$). Dry matter percentage in corn stalks and corn ears was not different (P>0.05) between two treatments. It was concluded that corn-soybean intercropping strategy was promising technique in enhancing forage productivity though positive symbiotic relation between two crops.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.156-161
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• 1986

Silage productivity and resistance to rice black streaked dwarf virus (RSDV) of six Korean-improved and six US introduced corn genotypes were tested in the southern part of Korea. There was a negative correlation between culm length retarded by RBSDV and coefficients of variance of culm length. Frequency distribution of culm length could be classified as three genotypic groups according to the type of distribution and percentage of RBSDV diseased plants. There were negative correlations between percent RBSDV diseased plants at harvest and culm length, percent ear bearing plants, silage yield, or ear yield, but percent RBSDV diseased plants did not related to the ear/silage ratio and stover yield. Silage yield of Pioneer XCF38 was highest, but that of Suweon 89 and NC 6131 was lowest. However, there was not signi-ficant difference in silage yield among the remaining genotypes. Pioneer XCF38, Suweon 89, and Jinjuok were quite resistant to RBSDV, but Suweon 19, Kwangok, Hoengseongok, Jecheonok, and Pioneer 3424 were susceptible and NC 6131 was most susceptible to RBSDV. Although Jinjuok and Suweon 89 were resistant to RBSDV, silage yield was not high because of early senescence of leaves after silkillg.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2016

Winter crops have been recognized as an alternative to soil management for fertility and crop productivity in paddy soil. Recently, rape has been produced at winter season and there is little research results on reduction of N fertilizer by adding rape residues for rice cultivation. In this study, we investigated the productivity and quality of rice by applying with 0, 27, 63, $90kg\;ha^{-1}$ of N fertilizer after input of rape residues into soil for two years. The highest yield of rice was average $4.68Mg\;ha^{-1}$ at the treatment applied with the $90kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ with rape residue. It was reduced to N rate from 31.6 to $43.2kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ in comparison to $4.53Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of maximum yield in treatment added $90kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ with rape. Amylose content in rice was similar among treatments with/without rape residue, but protein content was lower in treatment with rape residue than in those without rape residue. In conclusion, input of rape residue in rice cultivation could be alternative to reduction of N fertilization and improvement of quality by adjusting rice productivity in paddy soil under cropping system.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.131-141
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• 2013

At the interface of reducing agricultural income and increasing unemployment in agrarian economy of rural India, this article summarizes and evaluates the state of mulberry sericulture in northwest India, which includes Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh. In $11^{th}$ plan period (2007-2012), there was an addition of 6 196 ha (217.09 %) of mulberry acreage at annual linier growth rate of 33.44%. However, total silk production could increase only by 54.64 MT (78.57%) at annual linier growth rate of 15.59 %, due to 43.93% (10.82 kg/ha) reduction in silk productivity at negative growth rate of -13.46%, annually. And now, average raw silk productivity in north-western states of India remains at 13.81 kg/ha, which is lower by 452.93 % (76.36 kg) in comparison to the national average of 100.90 kg/ha. Paper summaries the reasons for increasing cocoon yield gap at farmer's level and discuss the ways and means to increase raw silk productivity to improve the livelihood delivery of mulberry sericulture in northwest India.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shading on the growth and productivity of strawberries. Photosynthesis was normally achieved under natural light without shading treatment, and vegetative growth of under- and aboveground part of strawberry plants were excellent. Strawberry fruit productivity and quality were different depending on shading conditions. In natural light, they were improved possibly by balanced vegetative and reproductive growth. However, under light-shading conditions with insufficient sunshine, photosynthetic activity deteriorated and carbohydrate production was therfore inadequate; this adversely affected plant height and quality. The negative effects were more pronounced at 50% shading condition. Shading treatments resulting in insufficient sunshine had a detrimental impact on plant productivity and growth; this implies that proper shading conditions could heip improve yield and fruit quality.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.290-297
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• 2010

The effect of supplemental light such as metal, Na and fluorescent lamp on the growth and productivity of tomato for 5 hours a day The growth rate of tomatoes under artificial light were increased 6~10% rather than the growth rate of tomatoes under no light treatment. Also the quantity and productivity of tomatoes under artificial light were increased rather than the quantity and productivity of tomatoes under no light treatment. Increasing profitability per 10a under artificial light were 9.4~28.2 million won.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 2010

Yield productivity of staple crops must be increased at least 50% by 2050, in order to feed the world population which is expected to reach 90 billions. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and carbohydrate metabolism leading to the production of starch would be the final frontier to quest for new sources of technology enabling such a drastic increase of crop productivity. In this review, attempts to genetically engineer plant photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle and metabolic pathways to increase starch production are introduced.