• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.543-553
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• 2017

Sesame (Sesamum indicum) is an important oil seed crop of Asia. Yields can be negatively impacted by various factors, including disease, particularly those caused by fungi which create problems in both production and storage. Foliar diseases of sesame such as Alternaria leaf blight may cause significant yield losses, with reductions in plant health and seed quality. The work reported here determined the incidence of Alternaria species infecting sesame seeds grown in the Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 428 Alternaria isolates were obtained from 105 seed samples and grouped into 36 distinct taxonomic groups based on growth pattern and morphological characters. Isolation frequency and relative density of surface sterilized and non-surface sterilized seeds showed that three isolates (A13, A47 and A215) were the most common morphological groups present. These isolates were further identified using sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the Alternaria major allergen gene (Alt a 1). Whilst ITS of rDNA did not resolve the isolates into Alternaria species, the Alt a 1 sequences exhibited > 99% homology with Alternaria alternata (KP123850.1) in GenBank accessions. The pathogenicity and virulence of these isolates of Alternaria alternata was confirmed in inoculations of sesame plants resulting in typical symptoms of leaf blight disease. This work confirms the identity of a major source of sesame leaf blight in Pakistan which will aid in formulating effective disease management strategies.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.7A
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• pp.493-502
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• 2003

In this paper, to solve some problems of the Mobile IP and local registration strategy we propose a method that can effectively support real-time traffics sensitive to delay time and packet loss. The proposed method reduces the registration time after a Mobile Node's movement between networks by carrying out the pre-registration for the domain which it will move into the network information of the link layer of cdma2000 system, at the boundary cell's handoff zone. Through the cost analysis and simulation it is shown that the proposed scheme yield a better performance compared with the Mobile IP and local registration strategies in terms of packet loss for parameters; variation of the velocity of a Mobile Node, and a distance between the Mobile Node and home networks, etc.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.447-467
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• 1999

Most published work on product quality focuses on manufactured goods. The subject of service quality has received less attention. This distinction is important because some of the quality-improving strategies avaliable to manufacturers may be inappropriate for service firms. Services are performances, not objects. They are often produced in the presence of the customer, as in the cause of hotel restaurant services, quality occurs during service delivery, usually in an interaction between the customer and contact personnel of service firm. for this reason, service quality is highly dependent on the performance of employees, an organizational resource that cannot be controlled to the degree that components of tangible goods can be engineered. The study has begun as a basic study for customer satisfaction-oriented management in understanding the service quality of food & beverage products and through a systematic analysis of it. The major purpose of the study was to examine the relationship of the customer satisfaction and service quality in consideration of reliability, empathy, responsiveness, tangibility and assurance. An empirical research was conducted based on the previous theoretical studies. 286 customer at first class hotels in Seoul were selected as samples of this study. The time period of research was from February through March 1999, and answers were processed by SAS to yield frequency analysis, multivariate statistical analysis and regression analysis. The finding of the statistical treatment are frequencies, factor analysis, multiple regression analysis, path analysis. SERVQUAL method was used the service quality evaluation methods. After factor analysis, it was resulted to 3 factors. those were factor 1(assurance.empathy.responsiveness), factor 2(reliability), factor 3(tangibility). The findings of the statistical treatment are as follows. First, the attribute measurement of performance service quality was affected by customer satisfaction. Second, the attribute measurement of performance service qualify was affected by repurchase intention. Third, The attribute measurement of performance customer satisfaction was affected by repurchase intention. The result of study model was followed, service quality was affected repurchase intention than customer satisfaction. indirected effect through, service duality and customer satisfaction was affected repurchase intention.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.544-554
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• 2018

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in Ghana is limited by the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita, and yield losses over 70% have been experienced in farmer fields. Major management strategies of the root-knot nematode (RKN), such as rotation and nematicide application, and crop rotation are either little efficient and harmful to environments, with high control cost, respectively. Therefore, this study aims to examine morphometric variations of RKN populations in Ghana, using principal component analysis (PCA), of which the information can be utilized for the development of tomato cultivars resistant to RKN. Ninety (90) second-stage juveniles (J2) and 16 adult males of M. incognita were morphometrically characterized. Six and five morphometric variables were measured for adult males and second-stage juveniles (J2) respectively. Morphological measurements showed differences among the adult males and second-stage juveniles (J2). A plot of PC1 and PC2 for M. incognita male populations showed clustering into three main groups. Populations from Asuosu and Afrancho (Group I) were more closely related compared to populations from Tuobodom and Vea (Group II). There was however a single nematode from Afrancho (AF4) that fell into Group III. Biplots for male populations indicate, body length, DEGO, greatest body width, and gubernaculum length serving as variables distinguishing Group 1 and Group 2 populations. These same groupings from the PCA were reflected in the dendogram generated using Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC). This study provides the first report on morphometric characterisation of M. incognita male and juvenile populations in Ghana showing significant morphological variation.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.152-161
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• 2021

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is known as a key product for agriculture in several countries across the world. Beet soil-borne virus (BSBV) triggers substantial economic damages to sugar beet by reducing the quantity of the yield and quality of the beet sugars. We conducted the present study to report the complete genome sequences of two BSBV isolates in Turkey for the first time. The genome organization was identical to those previously established BSBV isolates. The tripartite genome of BSBV-TR1 and -TR3 comprised a 5,835-nucleotide (nt) RNA1, a 3,454-nt RNA2, and a 3,005-nt RNA3 segment. According to sequence identity analyses, Turkish isolates were most closely related to the BSBV isolate reported from Iran (97.83-98.77% nt identity). The BSBV isolates worldwide (n = 9) were phylogenetically classified into five (RNA-coat protein read through gene [CPRT], TGB1, and TGB2 segments), four (RNA-rep), or three (TGB3) lineages. In genetic analysis, the TGB3 revealed more genetic variability (Pi = 0.034) compared with other regions. Population selection analysis revealed that most of the codons were generally under negative selection or neutral evolution in the BSBV isolates studied. However, positive selection was detected at codon 135 in the TGB1, which could be an adaptation in order to facilitate the movement and overcome the host plant resistance genes. We expect that the information on genome properties and genetic variability of BSBV, particularly in TGB3, TGB1, and CPRT genes, assist in developing effective control measures in order to prevent severe losses and make amendments in management strategies.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.600-613
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• 2023

Fusarium oxysporum is the main pathogen causing Fusarium basal rot in onion (Allium cepa L.), which incurs significant yield losses before and after harvest. Among management strategies, biological control is an environmentally safe and sustainable alternative to chemical control. In this study, we isolated and screened bacteria for antifungal activity against the basal rot pathogen F. oxysporum. Isolates 23-045, 23-046, 23-052, 23-055, and 23-056 significantly inhibited F. oxysporum mycelial growth and conidial germination. Isolates 23-045, 23-046, 23-052, and 23-056 suppressed the development of Fusarium basal rot in both onion seedlings and bulbs in pot and spray inoculation assays. Isolate 23-055 was effective in onion seedlings but exhibited weak inhibitory effect on onion bulbs. Based on analyses of the 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequences together with morphological analysis, isolates 23-045, 23-046, 23-052, and 23-055 were identified as Bacillus thuringiensis, and isolate 23-056 as Bacillus toyonensis. All five bacterial isolates exhibited cellulolytic, proteolytic, and phosphate-solubilizing activity, which may contribute to their antagonistic activity against onion basal rot disease. Taken together B. thuringiensis 23-045, 23-046, 23-052, and 23-055 and B. toyonensis 23-056 have potential for the biological control of Fusarium basal rot in onion.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2024

Objective: The introduction of government support programs for small businesses in 1993 aimed to enhance awareness and capabilities in industrial health management among small business proprietors, marking a continuous expansion over the past three decades. Despite this growth, there has been a conspicuous absence of comprehensive evaluations regarding the efficacy of these initiatives. In response, this study endeavors to conduct a thorough policy evaluation. Method: Through a meticulous approach, we conducted an analysis of in-depth interviews with eight individuals possessing expertise in the administration of government support programs for small businesses. These interviews were sourced from personnel affiliated with government ministries and public agencies. Results: In the analysis, it was found that small-scale business government support programs operate primarily based on quantity rather than receiving support from business owners regarding their necessity or utility. Consequently, these programs have failed to yield substantial effects on altering the perception of business owners or improving the working environment within the businesses. Conclusion: This study assumes significance in its capacity to discern intricate procedural challenges in program implementation, which often elude quantitative scrutiny. Furthermore, it provides pivotal insights for enhancing government support programs.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.771-781
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• 2022

Background and Objectives: Although long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a potentially life-threatening inherited cardiac channelopathy, studies documenting the long-term clinical data of Korean patients with LQTS are scarce. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 105 patients with LQTS (48 women; 45.7%) from a single tertiary center. The clinical outcomes were analyzed for the rate of freedom from breakthrough cardiac events (BCEs), additional treatment needed, and death. Results: LQTS was diagnosed at a median age of 11 (range, 0.003-80) years. Genetic testing was performed on 90 patients (yield, 71.1%). The proportions of genetically confirmed patients with LQTS types 1, 2, 3, and others were 34.4%, 12.2%, 12.2%, and 12.2%, respectively. In the symptomatic group (n=70), aborted cardiac arrest was observed in 30% of the patients. Treatments included medications in 60 patients (85.7%), implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in 27 (38.6%; median age, 17 years; range, 2-79 years), and left cardiac sympathetic denervation surgery in 7 (10%; median age, 13 years; range, 2-34). The 10-year BCE-free survival rate was 73.2%. By genotype, significant differences were observed in BCEs despite medication (p<0.001). The 10-year BCE-free survival rate was the highest in patients with LQTS type 1 (81.8%) and the lowest in those with multiple LQTS-associated mutations (LQTM). All patients with LQTS survived, except for one patient who had LQTM. Conclusions: Good long-term outcomes can be achieved by using recently developed genetically tailored management strategies for patients with LQTS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.7-7
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• 2017

Unfavorable weather and soil conditions reduce rice yield and land and water productivity, aggravating existing encounters of poverty and food insecurity. These conditions are foreseen to worsen with climate change and with the unceasing irrational human practices that progressively debilitate productivity despite global appeals for more food. Our understanding of plant responses to abiotic stresses is advancing and is complex, involving numerous critical processes - each controlled by several genetic factors. Knowledge of the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in signaling, response and adaptation, and in some cases the genes involved, is advancing. Moreover, the genetic diversity being unveiled within cultivated rice and its wild relatives is providing ample resources for trait and gene discovery, and this is being scouted for rice improvement using modern genomics and molecular tools. Development of stress tolerant varieties is now being fast-tracked through the use of DNA markers and advanced breeding strategies. Large numbers of drought, submergence and salt tolerant varieties were commercialized over recent years in South and Southeast Asia and more recently in Africa. These varieties are making significant changes in less favorable areas, transforming lives of smallholder farmers - progress considered incredulous in the past. The stress tolerant varieties are providing assurance to farmers to invest in better management of their crops and the ability to adjust their cropping systems for even higher productivity and more income, sparking changes analogous to that of the first green revolution, which previously benefited only favorable irrigated and rainfed areas. New breeding tools using markers for multiple stresses made it possible to develop more resilient, higher yielding varieties to replace the aging and obsolete varieties still dominating these areas. Varieties with multiple stress tolerances are now becoming available, providing even better security for farmers and lessening their production risks even in areas affected by complex and overlapping stresses. The progress made in these less favorable areas triggered numerous favorable changes at the national and regional levels in several countries in Asia, including adjusting breeding and dissemination strategies to accelerate outreach and enabling changes at higher policy levels, creating a positive environment for faster progress. Exploiting the potential of these less productive areas for food production is inevitable, to meet the escalating global needs for more food and sustained production systems, at times when national resources are shrinking while demand for food is mounting. However, the success in these areas requires concerted efforts to make use of existing genetic resources for crop improvement and establishing effective evaluation networks, seed production systems, and seed delivery systems to ensure faster outreach and transformation.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.291-296
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• 2010

Samples of Turbo (Batillus) cornutus Lightfoot, 1786 in Jeju Island were collected from September 2009 to May 2010. Population ecological parameters and stock assessment of the turban shell were determined, based on the length and age composition data from 2000 to 2009 and ecological parameters. Instantaneous coefficient of total mortality (Z) of turban shell was estimated to be 2.2062/year. The estimated instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality (M) was 0.874/year. The age of turban shell at its first capture ($t_c$) was 2.636 year. Yield-per-recruit were estimated under harvest strategies that based on $F_{max}$, $F_{0.1}$, $F_{35%}$, and $F_{40%}$ was 10.44 g, 1.87 g, 6.53 g and 7.46 g.