• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.181-192
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• 2010

Water erosion is progressing in the Loess Plateau, especially in gullies, and the sediment runoff to the Yellow River amounts to 975 million tons every year. Natural factors for water erosion include climate, soil, geological feature, terrain and vegetation. Many development projects due to the increasing population reduced the forest coverage ratio to 10%, and 200 million people in the downstream area are suffering from the damage during intense rainfall. Accordingly, the Chinese government is continuously trying to efficiently prevent the erosion by establishing measures for water erosion, including fish-scale pits, terrace technique, and check dams.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.143-147
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• 2022

Sclerotinia rot symptoms were observed in stringy stonecrop (Sedum sarmentosum) plants growing in vinyl greenhouses in Yeoju and Icheon, Gyeonggi Province, Korea, during disease surveys in spring 2019 and 2020. The initial symptoms were soft rot on stems and leaves at or above the soil line. Furthermore, the symptoms progressed upwards, and the infected plant parts exhibited white to grayish-yellow discoloration. The infestation of diseased plants in the vinyl greenhouses was 1-5% at the two locations examined. Eight isolates of Sclerotinia sp. were obtained from lesions of the diseased plants. The isolates were identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum based on their morphological and molecular characteristics. In addition, artificial inoculation tested three isolates of S. sclerotiorum for pathogenicity on stringy stonecrop plants. All the tested isolates caused Sclerotinia rot symptoms in the inoculated plants. The symptoms were similar to those observed in plants from the vinyl greenhouses investigated. This study is the first report of S. sclerotiorum causing Sclerotinia rot in stringy stonecrop.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.41-56
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• 1978

우리나라 임지(林地)에 주(主)로 분포(分布)되어 있는 9개(個)의 대표토양통(代表土壤統)을 공시토양(供試土壤)으로하여 pot 시험(試驗)을 실시(實施)하였다. 공시수종(供試樹種)으로는 우리나라의 대표수종(代表樹種)인 강원도산(江原道産) 소나무(강송)와 속성수(速成樹)의 대표적(代表的)인 수종(樹種)인 은수원사시나무 그리고 황폐임지복구(荒廢林地復舊) 및 지방증진(地方增進)을 위(爲)하여 많이 식재(植栽)되고 있는 아까시아나무를 공시목(供試木)으로 하였다. 본(本) 시험(試驗)의 목적(目的)은 산림토양통별(山林土壤統別) 임목생장(林木生長) 특성(特性)과 수종별(樹種別) 시비효과(施肥効果)를 구명(究明)하고 토양통별(土壤統別) 임목생장(林木生長)의 제한인자(制限因子)를 구명(究明)하여 임지비배(林地肥培) 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻고자 하는데 그 목적(目的)이 있다. 1. 토양통별(土壤統別) 공시수종(供試樹種)의 생장특성(生長特性)은 침식토(浸蝕土)에서 가장 생육(生育)이 불량(不良)하고 다음 적색토(赤色土) 및 적황색토양(赤黃色土壤)에서 불량(不良)하여 갈색산임토양(褐色山林土壤)에서는 일반적(一般的)으로 임목생육(林木生育)이 양호(良好)한 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. 2. 시비수준(施肥水準)에 따른 시비효과(施肥効果)의 불량(不良)한 척박토양(瘠薄土壤)일수록 시비효과(施肥効果)가 크게 나타났으나 전체(全體)의 물질생장량(物質生長量)의 절대시비지수(絶對施肥指數)는 비옥임지(肥沃林地) 토양(土壤)에서 많았다. 3. 아가씨나무에 있어서 생육제한(生育制限) 인자(因子)는 토양중(土壤中) $P_2O_5$ 함량(含量)으로서 $P_2O_5$ 함량(含量)이 적을수록 생육(生育)이 불량(不良)하였으며 중점토(重粘土)의 토양(土壤)에서도 불량(不良)한것 같다. 4. 소나무 생장(生長)은 토양중(土壤中)의 $K_2O$ 함량(含量)과 밀접(密接)한 관계(關係)가 있으며 pH는 중성내지(中性乃至) 알카리성(性) 토양(土壤)에서는 생육(生育)이 불량(不良)하고 약산성토양(弱酸性土壤)에서 생육(生育)이 불량(不良)하였다. 또한 OM이나 FN의 함량(含量)이 상장생장(上長生長)을 크게 좌우(左右)하고 있다. 5. 은수원사시나무는 속성수(速成樹)인만큼 비옥도(肥沃度)를 많이 요구(要求)하는 것으로서 토양중(土壤中)의 OMN, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$ 함량(含量)과 생장량(生長量)과는 밀접(密接)한 관계(關係)가 있다. 6. 토성(土性)은 일반적(一般的)으로 사양토(砂壤土) 내지(乃至) 양토(壤土)에서 생육(生育)이 좋고 점질양토(粘質壤土)에서는 아카시나무, 소나무, 은수윈사시나무 공(供)히 생육(生育)이 불량(不良)하였다. 7. 수종별(樹種別) 시비수준간(施肥水準間)의 종합비효(綜合肥効)는 다음과 같다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.231-235
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• 2009

Viral infections and root growth were examined to elucidate the relationship between viral resistance and root growth in 26 Korean hulless barley cultivars. Viral resistance was estimated in experimental filed of Honam agricultural research institute for 3 years. Length and number of seminal and adventitious roots were examined for evaluation of root growth in both field and green-house conditions 30 days after seeding. Dominant viral infection occurred in Korean hulless barley by Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) in fields; however, susceptible cultivars were infected by either BaYMV, Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) or both. Only four cultivars, including Donghanchalssalbori, Kwangwhalssalbori, Namhossalbori and Naehanssalbori, presented stable resistance to viral infections. Susceptible cultivars to viral infection in fields showed shorter seminal root length and fewer adventitious root number than resistant cultivars. Resistant cultivars showed better root growth and significant difference in adventitious root length in green house conditions. Increase in the number of seminal roots in resistant cultivars was derived from decreased damage of roots by the viral infection compared to the susceptible cultivars.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2004

Phragmites australis is the dominant and constructive species among plant communities in the wetlands of the downstream of Yellow River, China. Its morphological characters were high variable in different habitats. Studies on Morphological and RAPD variation of 15 P. australis populations from this region showed that soil salinity was the dominant ecological factor that affected the morphological characters of P. australis. The basal diameter, height, leaf length, leaf width, internode length, internode accounts, panicle length were negatively related to salinity. 194 loci were amplified by RAPD, of which 9 loci was highly negative-related to salinity, and showed a tendency to prefer the habitats with fresh water. 4 loci were positively related to the salinity, and showed a tendency to prefer the salinized habitats. Most loci were neutral to salinity. The morphological and genetic characters of BZH were special, and the speciality should not be determined by salinity. The morphological characters were affected by genetic information and environment. The morphological characters should change gradually and continuously along environmental gradient under plasticity, but should changed continuously or not in genetic control. The relevancies among quantitive characters, ecological factors and genetic variation in natural populations still will still be a focus and difficulty of ecological genetics of P. australis in the future.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1227-1240
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• 2009

This study examines the actual conditions of toddler playwear preference survey for design and function. The study develops proper indoor and outdoor playwear for toddlers based on the analysis. A survey of 200 parents with toddlers between 2 and 6 years old and 120 teachers was conducted to find the conditions and needs for playwear along with the necessary design elements. Second, 6 designs including 3 designs for indoor playwear and 3 designs for outdoor playwear were made. These designs emphasized on soil contamination part, color, pattern, form, material, detail, and fasteners. Art play and cooking play are considered for indoor playwear and ways to decrease contamination on sleeve hem, elbow, chest, and knee were determined through the use of yellow, green, and blue colors. Applying a character and separate top with sleeves were determined. Light with breathable and waterproof fabric was determined. The correct amount of Velcro fasteners or buttons was determined for front fastening in addition a pocket was considered necessary as a detail part. The common design for both boys and girls along with a proper design for diverse play were determined. For outdoor playwear, water play, sand play, movement play, and ecology experience are considered and ways to decease contamination on hip, sleeve hem, and knee should be applied to the design as determined through the use of yellow, green, blue, and red colors. The demands for pattern, form, material, and details were similar to indoor playwear. Zipper and buttons for front fastening were determined. These final 6 playwear designs are presented using CAD WALK DESIGNWARE.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.125-128
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• 2010

Culture conditions were established for high frequency plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from cell suspension cultures of Nymphoides coreana. Zygotic embryos formed pale-yellow globular structures and calluses at a frequency of 85.6% when cultured on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.3 $mg\;l^{-1}$ of 2,4-D. However, the frequency of pale-yellow globular structures and white callus formation decreased slightly with an increasing concentration of 2,4-D up to 10 $mg\;l^{-1}$ with the frequency rate falling to 16.7%. Cell suspension cultures were established from zygotic embryo-derived calluses using half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.3 $mg\;l^{-1}$ of 2,4-D. Upon plating onto half-strength MS basal medium, over 92.3% of cell aggregates gave rise to numerous somatic embryos and developed into plantlets. Regenerated plantlets were successfully transplanted into potting soil and achieved full growth to an adult plant in a growth chamber. The high frequency plant regeneration system for Nymphoides coreana established in this study will be useful for genetic manipulation and cryopreservation of this species.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2016

Mongolia has one of the strongest climate warming signals on Earth, and over 40% of the human population depends directly or indirectly on pastoral livestock production for their livelihoods. Thus, climate-driven changes in rangeland production will likely have a major effect on pastoral livelihoods . The loss of species dependent mostly on rainfall has resulted in adverse changes in the botanical composition of the steppes . Summer season in 2015 was completely dry until middle of July and, had not enough vegetation cover as last 15 years. The purpose of this study is to check plant community dynamics in Mongolia in relation to climate change in 2014 and 2015. The study sites were selected in mountain-steppe habitat in central Mongolia. In the 2014, there have been registered 81 plant species of 56 genera of 25 families on the investigated sites and, occurred 57 plant species of 44 genera of 21 families in the 2015. It is concluded that the abundance and richness of plants are directly connected to heavily affect by the climatic factor, i.e. amount of precipitation during growing season. As a same like result of climate change, in Mongolian land is going become desertification, and each spring, soil particles from Mongolia are swept up by a cold air mass into the atmosphere and blasts into south east China, Korea and Japan. The Koreans call this phenomenon the "Fifth season" or "Yellow sand", and the Chinese call it "Yellow dragon".

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.32-45
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• 2016

The anthropogenic aerosols originated from the pollutant emissions in the eastern part of China and dust emitted in northwestern China in Yellow sand regions are subsequently transported via eastward wind to the Korean peninsula and then these aerosols induce high $PM_{10}$ concentrations in Korean peninsula. In order to estimate air quality considering anthropogenic and dust emissions, Comprehensive Air-quality Model with extension (CAMx) was applied to simulate $PM_{10}$ concentration. The predicted $PM_{10}$ concentrations without/with dust emissions were compared with observations at ambient air quality monitoring sites in China and Korea for 2008. The predicted $PM_{10}$ concentrations with dust emissions could depict the variation of measured $PM_{10}$ especially during Yellow sand events in Korea. The comparisons also showed that predicted $PM_{10}$ concentrations without dust emissions were under-predicted while predictions of $PM_{10}$ concentrations with dust emission were in good agreement with observations. This implied that dust emissions from desert and barren soil in southern Mongolia and northern China minimized the discrepancies in the $PM_{10}$ predictions in East Asia. The effect of dust emission on annual $PM_{10}$ concentrations in Korea Peninsula for year 2008 was $5{\sim}10{\mu}g/m^3$, which were about 20% of observed annual $PM_{10}$ concentrations.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.135-150
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• 2018

Eleven bacterial strains 17SD2_15, 17Sr1_23, 17SD2_13, 17Sr1_31, 17gy_18, 16B15D, 16B02D, 16B04G, 16B01D, 17U4-2 and 17J28-10 assigned to the phylum Proteobacteria were isolated from soil samples collected from Seoul Women's University, in South Korea. The Belnapia species, strain 17SD2_15 was cocci-shaped and pink-colored. The Methylobacterium species, strain 17Sr1_23, 17SD2_13, 17Sr1_31, and 16B15D were short rod-shaped and pink-colored. The Microvirga species, strain 17gy_18, and 16B02D were short rod-shaped and pink-colored. The Oxalicibacterium species, strain 16B04G was short rod-shaped and pink-colored. The Sphingomonas species, strain 16B01D was short rod-shaped and yellow-colored. The Variovorax species, strain 17U4-2 was cocci-shaped and yellow-colored. The Paracoccus species, 17J28-10 was cocci-shaped and orange-colored. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strains 17SD2_15, 17Sr1_23, 17SD2_13, 17Sr1_31, 17gy_18, 16B15D, 16B02D, 16B04G, 16B01D, 17U4-2 and 17J28-10 were most closely related to Belnapia soli (with 99.9% similarity), Methylobacterium gregans (99.1%), Methylobacterium isbiliense (99.6%), Methylobacterium oxalidis (99.9%), Microvirga aerilata (98.7%), Methylobacterium aerolatum (99.0%), Microvirga vignae (100.0%), Noviherbaspirillum canariense (100.0%), Sphingomonas desiccabilis (100.0%), Variovorax humicola (99.6%), and Paracoccus acridae (99.1%), respectively. This is the first report of these eleven species in Korea.