• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.14-17
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• 1974

A study was carried out to detect of illegal artificial dyes, and to confirm the used rate of illegal dyes in the production process of commercial drops (candy), from Dec. 10, 1972 to Feb. 10, 1973. In this study, it was used thin layer chromatography, the samples were divided into two groups, group A of inscribed trade name and group B of not inscribed trade name. To contrast with group A and group B, 100 samples were randomly collected in the market places, 50 samples from group A and 50 samples from group B. The following conclusions were obtained: 1) used rate of illegal dyes were 2% of group A and 9% of group B. 2) used rate of illegal dyes were 2% of red, 2% of yellow, 1% of violet and 6% of green, not in blue. 3) used rate of illegal dyes 3% of Rhodamine B, 3% of Auramine and 6% of Light green S.F. Yellowish. 4) Out of 20 cases those used mixed dyes, only one case was confirmed as two illegal dyes, and 4 cases were used one illegal dye.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.579-590
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• 2004

This research was aimed to investigate and compare the effectiveness of TLC and GC-MS methods in the analysis of chromophoric substances extracted from madder plant. Alizarin and purpurin 0.3% solution were used as comparative standards; madder extraction was prepared by heating the solution of powdered madder at 80℃, pH 1.5, for 90 min. Best elution solvent for TLC in silica gel plate was toluene:ethyl acetate=9:1, which resulted in red and yellow spots from madder extraction each of which showed R/sub f/ values 0.32-0.43 and 0.07-0.11. Although the red spot in particular exhibited similar characteristics as standard purpurin in color, shape, and R/sub f/ values, the result was inconsistent throughout different TLC trials. GC-MS analysis showed only small amount of alizarin and no purpurin in the madder extraction. Other chromophoric substance such as 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-, anthralin, and danthron were also detected in small amounts. The result indicated that TLC was less sensitive to detecting and identifying the natural dyestuff which is generally constituted with a number of similar but chemically different chromophoric substances.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.124-134
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• 2018

This study examined the dyeing characteristics and spectrum of cotton and silk by using dyeing solution extracted from aronia. The value $L^{\ast}$ which indicates the brightness of cotton regardless of mordant increases with increasing pH from pH 3.5 to pH 10.5. The color difference value(${\Delta}E$) of the cotton was generally high in pH 3.5 regardless of mordant existence. The silk showed the highest ${\Delta}E$ value in pH 3.5 dye solution as cotton did. On the other hand, the silk with mordant dyed showed the highest ${\Delta}E$ value in pH 7. Silk fabrics dyed with Aronia solution turns out red in pH 3.5, blue in pH 7 and yellow in pH 10.5. This is because of the amino acid, one of the silk ingredients, combines with a part of anthocyanin to show blue. As the result of the spectrum measurement, the maximum absorption wavelength of Aronia solution was increased in the order of pH 10.5, pH 3.5 and pH 7, regardless of extraction temperature and mordant. The measurement results of color fastness to washing and color fastness to light are generally low. Therefore, there is a need for further study to improve color fatness in the future.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2013

In this paper, core-shell semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) CdSeS/ZnS with emission at 490 nm and 450 nm were investigated for their use in luminescent down-shifting (LDS) layers. Luminescent quantum yield (LQY) of the QDs measurements in solution proposed that they were suitable candidates for inclusion in LDS layers. QDs were encapsulated in poly(methyl,methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer matrix and films were fabricated of $134{\pm}0.05$ microns. Selections of organic dyes from BASF Lumogen F range were also investigated for their use as LDS layers; Violet 570 and Yellow 083. The addition of LDS layers containing Violet 570 dye demonstrated a unity LQY when encapsulated within a PMMA matrix. A PV device of an LDS layer of Lumogen Violet 570 deposited on top of a crystalline silicon cell was fabricated where it was demonstrated to increase the efficiency of the cell by 34.5% relative.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.40-43
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• 2016

Transparent color coating films were fabricated on a glass substrate by using sol-gel hybrid binder and organic dye. Sol-gel hybrid binder coating film fabricated with PTMS of 0.03 mole showed a very high pencil hardness of 9 H. As the withdrawal speed increased from 1.0 mm/s to 5.0 mm/sec, The yellowness ($b^*$) of coating glass also gradually increased. The transmittance of yellow color coating glass was 82.6% and the haze of coating glass was 0.35%. Red and blue color coating glasses also showed the high transmittance of 62.4% and 80.6% respectively. The surface hardness of color coating films was 6 H.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.29-38
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• 2005

Natural dyes have attracted the worldwide attention because of its environmental advantage over synthetic dyes. However, most of natural dyes are expensive for mass production, strongly season and source dependent, and hard to store. In this study, coffee waste were used as natural dye to create beautiful colors. Coffee waste is inexpensive and easy to store, and provides a comparatively regular quality regardless of seasonand source. The effects of mordant agent concentration and mordanting temperature on dyeing efficiency of silk fabrics were investigated. Coffee extract dyed silk showed brilliant colors, and the colors were different with the kind of mordants. Cu, Sn, and Al mordanted silks showed golden yellow with subtle change of hue and value, while Fe mordanted silk showed a brownish green color. The increase in mordant concentration did not always increase the dyeability, and 0.5% o.w.f. mordant concentration was enough to get a satifactory result. Mordanting temperature also had little effect on the dyeability in case of Al, Cu, and Sn mordanted fabrics. Only Fe mordanted fabrics showed a better dyeability in the increase in mordating temperature. Coffee extract dyeing is an effective way using waste as resource and can create brilliant colors with minimal amount of mordant and under mild mordanting condition.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.64-73
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate dyeing characteristics of silk, cotton and rayon fabrics using dyeing solution extracted from different varieties of tea. Comparative results of CIE Lab values of 360 pieces of dyed fabrics were studied to quantify the effects of dye concentrations (100%, 150%, and 200%) and mordants (Fe, Cu, Sn, Al). In addition, the color difference values (${\Delta}E$) of the dyed and mordanted fabrics were evaluated. The results of the study were as follows: First, among all of the 360 pieces of silk, cotton and rayon fabrics, the best dyeing effects was observed on silk fabrics. Second, the dyeing effect of the eight different types of tealeaves belonging to green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and dark tea tended to enhance as the degree of fermentation increased. Third, when the fabrics were mordanted with Fe, Cu, Sn, Al mordants, various colors such as brown, brownish red, brownish yellow, gray, and reddish brown were obtained.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.77-87
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• 2019

To improve rubbing fastness of the printed fabrics, the binder polymers for Digital Textile Printing(DTP) pigment inks were synthesized with miniemulsion polymerization using various acrylic monomers, which are MMA(Methyl methacrylate), BA(Butyl acrylate), and Self-crosslinking monomers, such as NEA(N-Ethylol acrylamide) and MAA (Methacrylic acid). The acrylic monomer compositions were varied when synthesizing the binder polymers and their particle size distributions, average molecular weights, and Tgs were investigated. The prepared binder polymers were applied to prepare Cyan, Black, Yellow and Magenta pigment ink for DTP and the prepared inks were used to dye cotton fabrics. Then, color strength, and rubbing fastness were also investigated to study the effect of the comonomer compositions of the binder polymer on the color strength and rubbing fastness of the resulting pigment inks.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.15
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• pp.96-121
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• 2014

Portrait of Sim Huisu is a seventeenth-century Joseon portrait of a meritorious vassal. The National Museum of Korea currently owns two portraits of Sim Huisu, which are the eldest son's family and by the eldest grandson of the family's second eldest son. Both were donated in 1980. Portraits were still in its original mounting, but the supporting silk had been damaged and stained in a flood. Conservation treatment was undertaken to restore the original style, and scientific analysis, such as, X-ray, XRD, XRF and Graff "C" stain, was conducted to study the materials and painting techniques. The support silk was found to be refined fibroin and a plain weave consisting of two weft threads and one warp thread. The lining papers were found to be bamboo fiber paper of first layer in China and Korean traditional mulberry paper in second. Various pigments were identified in the painting, including white lead, cinnabar, atacamite, ink stick, azurite, silver, and gold. The study also confirmed the use of the back painting, with colors such as white ^{White Lead}, green ^Atacamite, orange ^Minium, black ^{Ink Stick}, and yellow ^Dye. Also, it was found that stick ink or dye was used with white lead.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2020

A colorimetric paper sensor was used to detect volatile nitrogen-containing compounds emitted from spoiled salmon filets to determine their freshness. The sensing mechanism was based on acid-base reactions between acidic pH-indicating dyes and basic volatile ammonia and amines. A sensing layer was simply fabricated by drop-casting a dye solution of bromocresol green (BCG) on a polyvinylidene fluoride substrate, and its color-change response was enhanced by optimizing the amounts of additive chemicals, such as polyethylene glycol, p-toluene sulfonic acid, and graphene oxide in the dye solution. To avoid the adverse effects of water vapor, both faces of the sensing layer were enclosed by using a polyethylene terephthalate film and a gas-permeable microporous polytetrafluoroethylene sheet, respectively. When exposed to basic gas analytes, the paper-like sensor distinctly exhibited a color change from initially yellow, then to green, and finally to blue due to the deprotonation of BCG via the Brønsted acid-base reaction. The use of ammonia analyte as a test gas confirmed that the sensing performance of the optimized sensor was reversible and excellent (detection time of < 15 min, sensitive naked-eye detection at 0.25 ppm, good selectivity to common volatile organic gases, and good stability against thermal stress). Finally, the coloration intensity of the sensor was quantified as a function of the storage time of the salmon filet at 28℃ to evaluate its usefulness in monitoring of the food freshness with the measurement of the total viable count (TVC) of microorganisms in the food. The TVC value increased from 3.2 × 10⁵ to 3.1 × 10⁹ cfu/g in 28 h and then became stable, whereas the sensor response abruptly changed in the first 8 h and slightly increased thereafter. This result suggests that the colorimetric response could be used as an indicator for evaluating the degree of decay of salmon induced by microorganisms.