• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1252-1256
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• 2006

This study estimated the effects of parity (1-3) and stage of lactation (early, mid and late) on daily milk yield (DMY), somatic cell score (SCS), milk urea nitrogen (MUN), blood glucose, and immunoglobulin G (IgG), their heritabilities and genetic correlations between them in Holsteins (n = 200). Means and standard deviations of DMY, SCS, MUN, blood glucose, and IgG in the experimental herd were $23.35{\pm}7.75kg$, $3.81{\pm}2.00$, $13.99{\pm}5.68mg/dl$, $44.91{\pm}13.12mg/dl$, and $30.36{\pm}6.72mg/ml$, respectively. DMY was the lowest in first parity, and in late lactation. SCS increased with parity; however, it was lowest in mid-lactation. MUN was lowest in first parity, and no difference was noted across stage of lactation. Blood glucose was similar between parities, however the highest blood glucose was observed during mid lactation. IgG level was significantly different between first and second parity; however, stage of lactation did not affect its level. Heritability of DMY was 0.16. Its genetic correlations with SCS and with blood glucose were -0.67 and 0.98, respectively. Heritability of SCS was 0.15. Genetic correlations of SCS with MUN, glucose, and IgG were -0.72, -0.59, and 0.68, respectively. Heritability of MUN was estimated to be 0.39 and had a genetic correlation of -0.35 with IgG. Heritabilities of blood glucose and IgG were 0.21 and 0.33, respectively. This study suggested that MUN, blood glucose and IgG could be considered important traits in future dairy selection programs to improve milk yield and its quality with better animal health and welfare. However, further studies are necessary involving more records to clarify the relationship between metabolic and immunological traits with DMY and its quality.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 1994

An experiment was conducted to establish a large scale production method of anti-serum against chicken IgM and to profile the developmental changes of serum IgM levels during the feeding period(from hatching to 7 weeks of age) in broiler chicks. Blood samples were taken from Hubbard chicken at the age of hatching, three days of age, and weekly thereafter till to 7 weeks of age. The pure IgM was isolated from ammonium sulfate treated chicken serum by both sephadex G-200 and sepharose CL-6B chromatography. The breaking-through peak containing IgM appeared from the fraction 26 to 28. These fractions consisted mainly of IgM when tested by anti-chicken IgM(Nordic, Netherlands). Immunized with the heavy chain of this purified IgM, the rabbit immune sera(anti-chicken IgM) were formed a reaction only with the purified chicken IgM. The quantitative assay of serum IgM were carried by RID method. The optimal time for diffusion was 14 hours and the coefficient of determination($R^{2}$) for regression equation of standard curve was 0.992. It was observed that IgM concentrations were the highest at hatching(3.23 mg /mL), after that decreased gradually. From 2 to 5 weeks of age the levels unchanged(2.0 ~ 2.3mg /mL), and gradually decreased to 7 weeks of age(1.3 mg /mL).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.199-205
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• 2013

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a causative agent for a number of extra intestinal diseases and account for significant losses to the poultry industry. Since protective immunity against APEC is largely directed to virulence antigens, we have individually expressed four different viulence antigens, papA, papG, IutA, and CS31A, using an attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium and a plasmid pBB244. Following oral immunization of mice with combination of two or four of these strains, serum IgG and mucosal IgA responses were elicited against each antigen represented in the mixture. The antigen-specific mucosal IgA responses were significantly higher in the group of mice immunized with the heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) strain than those in the group of mice immunized without the LTB strain. While, there was no significant difference between these two groups in antigen-specific serum IgG responses. The results showed that LTB could act as mucosal immune adjuvant. To assess the nature of immunity, the distribution of antigen-specific IgG isotypes was analyzed. All groups promoted Th1-type immunity as determined by the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio. Thus, our findings provided evidence that immunization with a combination of several vaccine strains is one of the strategies of developing effective vaccines against APEC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.143-145
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• 1994

Chimeric fusion proteins involving IgG have proven valuable in studying protein-protein interactions and may possess therapeutic applications as well. For example, three receptor subtypes for the natriuretic peptides, when fused to the Fc portion of human IgG ${\gamma}$ chain, were quantitatively and qualitatively indistinguishable from the native receptor, thus allowing detailed structure-function studies of the receptor. In an attempt to block human immunodeficiency virus infectivity with soluble derivatives of CD4, a CD4/IgG Fc chimeric molecule was shown to increase the plasma half life of soluble CD4 and possessed the added advantage of IgG Fc-mediated placental transfer. In the case of the KGFR, this approach provided a framework for dissection of its ligand binding domains and made it possible to demonstrate that high affinity binding sites for two ligands, aFGF and KGF, reside within different receptor Ig-like domains. Chimeric molecules fused to immunoglobulins would have the advantages of secretion from transfected cells as well as detection and purification from medium utilizing Staphylococcus aureus Protein A. In addition, where highly related receptors make their discrimination very hard due to the difficulties in generating specific immunochemical probes, IgG fusion protein with tailor-made specificities confers particular advantages to elucidate patterns of receptor distribution and expression. The approach described here may have general applications in defining ligand-receptor interactions as well as searching for specific agonists and antagonists of receptor function.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.182-188
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• 2004

To determine the concentration of Lactoperoxidase (LPO), an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay(ELISA) was developed. Anti-LPO egg yolk immunoglobulin(IgY) was transferred to egg yolk by immunizing of Brown hens with LPO. The titer of purified anti-LPO IgY was 1: 520,000. The immunological response of anti- LPO IgY with ${\alpha}$-lactalbumin, ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin, casein and lysozyme were evaluated, resulting that the anti-LPO IgY found to be a specific antibody toward LPO and no cross-reaction was observed against ${\alpha}$-lactalbumin, ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin, casein, and lysozyme in double immunodiffusion test and ELISA test. In indirect ELISA method, coating concentration of LPO and dilution rate of anti-LPO IgY was 0.25$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL and 1:8,000 respectively. Sensitivity in the standard curve of LPO was ranged from 0.01 to 1$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL using anti-LPO IgY.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.1348-1353
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• 2006

Purpose : The reticuloendothelial system is composed of sinusoidal capillaries, through which even large protein molecules are freely movable between plasma and interstitial space, including the lymphatic system. Therefore, high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) would cause a redistribution of proteins between two compartments. To investigate this hypothesis, we measured plasma protein and lipid levels in patients with Kawasaki disease before and after high-dose IVIG treatment. Methods : Thirty four children with Kawasaki disease who had complete responses to high-dose IVIG treatment (1 g/kg/day for two consecutive days), were analyzed. Before and after the administration of IVIG, serum analyses were performed for such parameters as total protein, albumin, ${\gamma}$-globulins (IgG, IgM, IgA), ${\alpha}1-$, ${\alpha}2-$, and ${\beta}-$ globulin fractions, and lipid profiles (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride). Results : The levels of ${\gamma}$-globulins including IgG, IgM, IgA were significantly increased, and IgG was increased by $1,779{\pm}304mg/dL$ after two-dose of IVIG infusion. The levels of albumin, ${\alpha}1-$, ${\alpha}2-$, and ${\beta}$ globulin fractions were significantly decreased by 18 percent, 24 percent, 19 percent and 12 percent, respectively. HDL-cholesterol level was significantly decreased by 20 percent, while LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly increased by 21 percent and 50 percent, respectively. The total cholesterol level was not changed. Conclusion : High-dose IVIG treatment decreased the levels of a variety of proteins except immunoglobulins, and the increase of IgG after IVIG treatment was lower than expected. Our results suggest that a part of infused IVIG and plasma proteins, including etiologic proteins for Kawasaki disease, may be distributed to the extravascular compartments. The rapid improvement of symptoms induced by IVIG in Kawasaki disease might be explained by this mode of action of IVIG.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 1999

The changes of antibody titer were observed in rats which were experimentally infected with Echinostoma hortense metacercaria. Serum levels of IgG and IgM were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mean absorbance values obtained for specific-IgG were from 0.130$\pm$0.014 (mean$\pm$S.D.) to 0.480$\pm$0.073. The peak appeared in the 4th week after infection, then declined slowly during the 5th and 6th week, although mild elevation apperared in the 8th week. The mean absorbance values of specific-IgM were detected from 0.160$\pm$0.034 to 0.409$\pm$0.084. The peak value (0.409$\pm$0.084) was on the 14th day after infection, then declined on the 8th week. Results showed that the assay could be used for detection of E. hortense infection in experimentally infected rats or laboratory experiments where evidence of infection is required.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2002

Purpose : Despite of the appropriate measles vaccination programs, epidemics occur every 2~3 years and especially occurred in large group in late of 2000 and early of 2001. To evaluate the effect of the vaccination, needs for revaccination and to determine the optimal age for revaccination, we examined measles specific IgG and IgM in mealses patients and investigated different antibody appearance according to vaccination history. Methods : Anti-measles antibodies were checked in sera of 201 patients(male : 117, female : 84) that are responsible for Criteria for Disease Control among 298 patients that are suspicious of measles including inpatients and outpatients in Wonju Christian Hospital from June in 2000 to June in 2001. They were checked by immunofluorescent assay. Then we classified them according to sex, month, distribution of age due to vaccination and appearance of measles antibody. Results : The ratio of male and female was 1.4 : 1. The maximum incidence was 38 cases(18.9%) in May in 2001. Incidence was increased from November in 2000 to January in 2001 and decreased in February and March in 2001. Thereafter it was increased from April in 2001 again and decreased from June. There were 93 cases(46.3%) in vaccinated group and 108 cases(53.7%) in unvaccinated group. In the distribution according to age in vaccinated group, there were 54 cases(58.1%) in more than 10 years old, 15 cases(16.0%) between 7 and 10 years old, 12 cases(12.9%) between 15 months and 3 years old, 6 cases (6.5%) between 4 and 6 years old and 6 cases(6.5%) between 6 months and 14 months old. In the distribution according to age in unvaccinated group, there were 88 cases(81.5%) between 6 months and 14 months old, 9 cases(8.3%) between 15 months and 3 years old, 7 cases(6.5%) less than 6 months old, 3 cases(2.8%) more than 10 years old and 1 case(0.9%) between 7 and 10 years old. In the distribution of measles specific IgG and IgM, 78 cas (87.6%) were IgG(+), IgM(+) and 11 cases(12.4%) are IgG(+), IgM(-) in vaccinated group. In unvaccinated group, there were 69 cases(63.9%) of IgG(+), IgM(+) and 39 cases (36.1%) of IgG(-), IgM(+). Con c lu s i on s : We thought that measles incidence was peaked between 6 months and 14 months old in unvaccinated group because of maximum decrement of transplacental matenal antibody and was peaked in more than 10 years old in vaccinated group because of maximum decrement of measles specific IgG. We think that measles revaccination as well as vaccination and especially optimal age for revaccination is very important to prevent measles successfully.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2018

We developed a Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) kit for detecting IgG/IgM antibodies against Zika virus (ZIKV) using monoclonal antibodies to the envelope (E) and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of ZIKV. These proteins were produced using baculovirus expression vector with Sf9 cells. Monoclonal antibodies J2G7 to NS1 and J5E1 to E protein were selected and conjugated with colloidal gold to produce the Zika IgG/IgM RDT kit (Zika RDT). Comparisons with ELISA, plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), and PCR were done to investigate the analytical sensitivity of Zika RDT, which resulted in 100% identical results. Sensitivity and specificity of Zika RDT in a field test was determined using positive and negative samples from Brazil and Korea. The diagnostic accuracy of Zika RDT was fairly high; sensitivity and specificity for IgG was 99.0 and 99.3%, respectively, while for IgM it was 96.7 and 98.7%, respectively. Cross reaction with dengue virus was evaluated using anti-Dengue Mixed Titer Performance Panel (PVD201), in which the Zika RDT showed cross-reactions with DENV in 16.7% and 5.6% in IgG and IgM, respectively. Cross reactions were not observed with West Nile, yellow fever, and hepatitis C virus infected sera. Zika RDT kit is very simple to use, rapid to assay, and very sensitive, and highly specific. Therefore, it would serve as a choice of method for point-of-care diagnosis and large scale surveys of ZIKV infection under clinical or field conditions worldwide in endemic areas.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 1997

Lethally irradited C3H/HeN mice were transplanted with syngeneic bone marrow. The B cell regeneration levels of spontaneous serum Ig, fecal igA and specific ig to diphtheria toxoid were determined at various time points. The number of B220+ cells reached normal range at 4 weeks after bone marrow transplantation(BMT) in spleen and lymph node. The B cell number of spleen returned to normal relatively soon than in the lymph node. Within 5 to 7 weeks after BMT, the transplanted mice contained nearly normal levels of spontaneous serum IgA, IgG2b and fecal IgA, but 2 fold lower levels of serum IgG2a, IgM and IgG3. Especially IgG3 levels were within low-normal range throughout the study. One to two weeks after immunization the predominant anti-diphtheria toxoid subtype was IgM. The levels of specific serum Ig were very low and after booster immunization at week 6, the short-lasting increase of Ig production was notd.