• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.83-86
• /
• 2003

Synchrotron X-ray micro imaging technique was employed to non-invasively monitor the water flow inside xylem vessels in a bamboo leaf. The phase contrast X-ray images clearly visualized plant anatomy and the rise of a water front inside the vessels. Consecutive X-ray images taken for 60 seconds revealed water rise kinetics against gravity in the xylem of a cut dry leaf taken from a bamboo tree. For the first time, traces of water rise, variation of contact angle between water and xylem wall as well as the internal structure of xylem were obtained. In xylem vessels, a repeating flow pattern has a typical flow velocity of $30.7{\mu}m/s$ and faster flow is established intermittently. It is concluded that the transmission type of X-ray micro imaging can be used as a powerful tool to investigate the ascent of sap in the xylem vessels at a resolution higher than that of MRI.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.27 no.11
• /
• pp.1612-1617
• /
• 2003

Synchrotron X-ray micro imaging technique was employed to non-invasively monitor the water flow inside xylem vessels in a bamboo leaf. The phase contrast X-ray images clearly visualized plant anatomy and the rise of a water front inside the vessels. Consecutive X-ray images taken for 60 seconds revealed water rise kinetics against gravity in the xylem of a cut dry leaf taken from a bamboo tree. For the first time, traces of water rise, variation of contact angle between water and xylem wall as well as the internal structure of xylem were obtained. In xylem vessels, a repeating flow pattern has a typical flow velocity of 30.7$\mu\textrm{m}$/s and faster flow is established intermittently. It is concluded that the transmission type of X-ray micro imaging can be used as a powerful tool to investigate the ascent of sap in the xylem vessels at a resolution higher than that of MRI.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 2007

The global environment is deteriorating at an alarming rate, despite of enhanced international environmental regulation. Many studies have been performed to reduce toxic pollutants. Recently, plant-based phytoremediation technology for moving toxic contaminants from soil and water has been receiving large attention. Arsenic-contaminated soil is one of the major pollutant sources for drinking water. Pteris erotica has been known as a hyper-accumulator of arsenic from soils. In this study, we investigated the effect of arsenic absorption on sap flow inside xylem vessels of Pteris. The synchrotron X-ray micro-imaging technique was employed to monitor the refilling process of water containing arsenic inside the xylem vessels of Pteris's leaves and stems non-invasively. The captured phase-contrast X-ray images show both anatomy of internal structure and transport of water inside Pteris. The exposure of Pteris to arsenic solution was found to increase largely the water raise speed in xylem vessels. The present results would provide important information needed for understanding the mechanisms of accumulation and transportation of toxic materials in plants.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 1993

This study deals with the effect of dwarf growth for the wood and the structural changes of cambium in Pinus koraiensis subjected to water stress. The length and wall thickness of tracheary elements in dwarf trees was shorter and thicker than that in normal trees. The redial width and cell number of the annual rings are narrower and smaller in dwarf trees than those in normal trees. In serial tangential sections, the frequency of anticlinal division is low and loss of cambial initials is small in dwarf trees. The length of cambial initials in water deficit, trees are slightly shorter than that in normal trees, and the instructive growth of cambial initials during differentiation of xylem mother cells is inactive in dwarf trees. Thus, it is interpreted that the shortening of tracheary elements in dwarf trees is due to the fact that the length of cambial initials are shortened and the intrusive growth of those during differentiation of xylem mother cells is inactive. The structural variations in the wood of naturally occurring dwarf trees are similar to those of trees subjected to artificial water stress. Therefore, it is suggested that the variation of xylem element in dwarf trees are related to water conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.81 no.4
• /
• pp.357-362
• /
• 1992

To understand water flow path in the cells of Robinia pseudoacacia and Pyrus ussuriensis and obtain color wood from them, this experiment was performed by penetrating 0.5% acidic fuchsin and 0.5% fast green solution into the living wood of them. A comparison was made of the wood structure and water flow path from Robinia pseudoacacia containing the ring-porous wood with tyloses, and Pyrus ussuriensis including solitary diffuse-porous wood with distinct fiber pits. The dye penetrated into vessel elements in the early wood of two growth rings from bark in Robinia pseudoacacia, but permeated all xylem in fonts ussuriensis. In Robinia pseudoacacia, the vessels of heart wood and intermediate wood were not stained because of tyloses.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 1991

This study deals with the effect of dwarf growth on xylem structure, especially on the dimension of xylem elements described for 12 species of naturally occuring dwarf trees. The length and tangential diameter of tracheary elements and fibers in dwarf trees appear to be shorter and narrower than those in normal trees. Radial width and cell number of the same annual rings are narrower and smaller in dwarf trees than those in normal trees. Height of rays in dwarf trees is lower than that in normal trees. Dwarf conifers appear to have higher ratio, of latewood to earlywood than that in normal trees. In the hardwood species studied, mesomorphy of vessel elements is lower in dwarfs than that in normal trees. It can be concluded that this dwarf growth occurs as a result of extremely slow growth by environmental stress such as water deficiency.ciency.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 1960

From the view point of phytopathological anatomy, the author has tried to study the effect of the shoot cluster disease virus on the internal structure of vascular tissues of chinese date tree (Ziziphus jujuba var. inermis Rehd.) comparing healthy checks and diseased plants. The materials were collected at the several sites, Kumgock-Ri, Masuc-Ri, Kyungi-Do, and near the campus of Korea University and around the area of Chongam-Dong, Seoul City, from August 15th to September 5th 1959. The leaf materials of healthy and diseased plants are fixed and aspirated in two kinds of killing solutions, formalin-acetic acid alcohol solution and Craf III solution. Sections were cut at 5-10$\mu$ thickness and stained with the double staining reagents of safranin and fast green. In this experiment the author has observed that there are marked structural changes in the infected plants in contrast of healthy checks. As figures 3-7 show that the following characteric changes have taken place on infected plants: 1) the arrangement of irregularly developed sieve elements in phloem, 2) the degeneration of phloem elements, 3) the irregular arrangement of epidermis in mid-vein, 4) more necrosis is observed among the parenchymatous cells, 5) abundant accumulatin of starch grains in parenchymatous cells, . In contrast to the above irregularities caused by the virus disease, the healthy checks appear normal structures as shown in figures 1 and 2. In adding to the all features noted above, the author could also observe an interesting feature that the xylem elements in mid-vein vascular bundle tissues are considerably disorganized to show the unspecialized vessel elements, the irregularly arranged xylem elements. However, this kind of irregularities which occur in xylem under the virus infection has not been reported previously. The features noted on the internal structure of vascular bundle under the condition of infection by the shoot cluster disease on chinese date trees appear to be more or less closely similar to the symptoms of the bunchy-top of banana and the yellow dwarf disease of barley in respect to the fact that whether phloem necrosis takes place as a primary symptom or a secondary symptom. In all these disease, primary histological changes of hypoplasia and hypertrophy are preceeded by the necrosis of phloem.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 1998

Xylem, bark and flower buds of Magnolia kobus DC. var. borealis Sarg. were extracted with ethanol. And then the ethanol extracts were fractionated with diethyl ether. The lignans structure of the diethyl ether fractions were determined by spectroscopic methods. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Three compounds, aschantinn(X-I), yangambin(X-II), (-)syringaresinol(X-III), tetrahydrofurofuranoid lignans were isolated from the xylem. 2. Five compounds were isolated from the bark. These are all tetrahydrofurofuranoid lignans, aschantin(B-I), yangambin(B-II), medioresinol(B-III), (+)syringaresinol(B-IV), and tetrahydrofuranoid, kobusinol B(B-V). 3. Three tetrahydrofurofuranoid lignans, kobusin(F-I), aschantin(F-II), yangambin(F-III) were isolated from the flower buds. 4. Isolated lignans from the each tissue were two types of tetrahydrofurofuran type and tetrahydrofuran type. 5. The tetrahydrofurofuranoid lignans were five compounds such as kobusin, aschantin, yangambin, medioresinol, and syringaresinol, while the tetrahydrofuranoid lignans was kobusinol B. 6. Most of these lignans were substituted with the methylenedioxy or methoxyl groups.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.81-84
• /
• 2004

Branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) is a holo-parasitic flowering plant that attaches to the root of its host, green plant, by means of a specialized structure known as haustorium. Following successful contact and penetration on susceptible plant root, complex tissue of Orobanche cells is formed which is known as the tubercle. Newly formed tubercles contain high activity ofindole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), as an inhibitor of IAA polar transport, was utilized to investigate the supply and requirement of auxin to the developing O. ramosa on tomato plant. There was no significant reduction in the incidence of O. ramosa per pot of different TIBA treatments. However, infection severity in terms of the number of O. ramosa shoots that emerged per plant and number of attachments per plant root system were significantly reduced by 60 % and 45 % on TIBA treated plants, respectively. Histo-logical studies revealed conspicuous delay in the initiation of xylem vessel differentiation inside tubercles of the TIBA treated tomato plants. Also, differentiated vessels showed thinner secondary wall deposition, and improper alignment within bundles inside those tubercles. They were wider and shorter in diameter in comparison to those of untreated plants. These findings were attri-buted to the short supply of IAA required for normal development, and to the xylem vessel differentiation of O. ramosa tubercles on infected tomato. Hence, this parasitic flowering plant seems to depend upon its host in its requirements for IAA, in a source to sink relation-ship.

• Plant Resources
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.121-125
• /
• 1998

Wood and bark structure of Laurus, which is considered as an important spice resources was characterized by several transitional and advanced features. Annual rings are distinct: vessel elements are moderately short and narrow, both simple and sealariform perforation plates. alternate intervascular pitting; irregularly septate fiber are present; parenchyma strands are scanty paratracheal: rays are both homogeneous and heterogeneous with multiseriate: phloem rays are dilated. Comparisons with other genera of Lauraceae suggest that Laurus is transitional and advanced state in evolutionary trends in the family.