• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국가시화정보학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.83-86
• /
• 2003

Synchrotron X-ray micro imaging technique was employed to non-invasively monitor the water flow inside xylem vessels in a bamboo leaf. The phase contrast X-ray images clearly visualized plant anatomy and the rise of a water front inside the vessels. Consecutive X-ray images taken for 60 seconds revealed water rise kinetics against gravity in the xylem of a cut dry leaf taken from a bamboo tree. For the first time, traces of water rise, variation of contact angle between water and xylem wall as well as the internal structure of xylem were obtained. In xylem vessels, a repeating flow pattern has a typical flow velocity of $30.7{\mu}m/s$ and faster flow is established intermittently. It is concluded that the transmission type of X-ray micro imaging can be used as a powerful tool to investigate the ascent of sap in the xylem vessels at a resolution higher than that of MRI.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.1693-1696
• /
• 2004

Synchrotron X-ray micro-imaging technique was employed to monitor non-invasively the refilling process of water inside the xylem vessels in bamboo leaves. The consecutive phase-contrast X-ray images clearly show both plant anatomy and the transport of water inside the xylem vessels. Traces of water-rise, vapor bubbles and variations of contact angle between the water front and the xylem wall were measured in real time. During the refilling process, air bubbles are removed when the rising water front halts at a vessel end for a while. Subsequently, it starts rising again at a higher velocity than the normal refilling speed. Repeated cavitation seems to deteriorate the refilling ability in xylem vessels. In dark environment, the water refilling process in xylem vessels is facilitated more effectively than in bright illuminated conditions. Finally, X-ray micro-imaging was famed to be a powerful, high resolution, real time imaging tool to investigate the water refilling process in xylem vessels.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.808-810
• /
• 2000

참다래 수액을 이용 음료수을 제조하기 위해 수액내 화학성분을 조사하였다. 참다래 수액에서 수분 함량, 당도, pH, 산 함량, 탁도 및 점성은 각각 99.6%, 0.90%, 6.50, 0.15%, 0.60, 1.01로 나타났다. 수액내 유리당은 fructose, glucose, sucrose, galactose, manitol가 함유되어 있었는데 당의 대부분은 fructose였다. 수액내 주요 무기물은 칼슘, 칼륨 및 마그네슘으로 칼슘 함량이 상대적으로 가장 높았다. 수액에는 10종의 아미노산이 함유되어 있었는데 이들 중 주요 아미노산은 glutamic acid, lysine 및 isoleucine이었는데 이중 glutamic acid함량이 가장 높았다. 수액을 이용 제조한 다래수액 음료수(252mL)내 영양소 함량에서 당은 21.2g, 칼슘 23.1mg, 칼륨 14.1mg, 아미노산 554.5mg, 비타민 C 15.0mg/252mL이었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.26-32
• /
• 1998

The chemical composition of differentiating xylem of Populus deltoides M. were investigated and compared with those from sapwood. The cell wall polysaccharides were extracted sequentially from a differentiating xylem and sugar composition was analyzed with G.L.C, H.P.L.C and gel chromatograpy. The pectin substance and hemicellulose are rich in the cell wall of differentiating xylem. The $H_2O$ extract polysaccharides from differentiating xylem were composed with xylose-glucose residues which seem to be xyloglucan and a pectin. The arabinogalactan and the mannan were extracted with $Na_2CO_3$ solution and also the xylan was extracted with KOH solution. Sugar composition of each fractions in gel filteration of purified $H_2O$ polysaccharide suggests that the xyloglucan can be extracted with $H_2O$ from differentiating xylem.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제37권5호통권113호
• /
• pp.25-34
• /
• 2005

The chemical composition of the differentiating xylem of Populus deltoides M. was investigated and compared with that of sapwood. The cell wall polysaccharides were extracted sequentially from adifferentiating xylem and fractionated with gel chromatography. The sugar composition of each fraction was analyzed with G..C and H.P.L.C. The cell wall of the differentiating xylem is rich with the pectin substance and hemicellulose compared with that of sapwood. The water-extracted polysaccharides from the differentiating xylem were composed mainly of xylose and glucose residues. The sugar composition of some of the fractions in the gel filtration of purified $H_{2}O$ polysaccharide suggest that xyloglucan was extracted with $H_{2}O$ from differentiating xylem. Also, we can supposed that the purified $H_{2}O$ polysaccharide might be xyloglucan from the spectrometric data(IR and NMR) of purified $H_{2}O$ polysaccharide.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제27권11호
• /
• pp.1612-1617
• /
• 2003

Synchrotron X-ray micro imaging technique was employed to non-invasively monitor the water flow inside xylem vessels in a bamboo leaf. The phase contrast X-ray images clearly visualized plant anatomy and the rise of a water front inside the vessels. Consecutive X-ray images taken for 60 seconds revealed water rise kinetics against gravity in the xylem of a cut dry leaf taken from a bamboo tree. For the first time, traces of water rise, variation of contact angle between water and xylem wall as well as the internal structure of xylem were obtained. In xylem vessels, a repeating flow pattern has a typical flow velocity of 30.7$\mu\textrm{m}$/s and faster flow is established intermittently. It is concluded that the transmission type of X-ray micro imaging can be used as a powerful tool to investigate the ascent of sap in the xylem vessels at a resolution higher than that of MRI.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 1990

The content of canavanine was measured and analyzed in leaves, roots and xylem exudate of Canavalia lneata. In non-nodulated plants, the cotyledons were removed after a week of sowing and the plants were grown for 3 weeks. The quantity of canavanine measured by canavanine specific-PCAF colorimetric assay was 9-10 $\mu$mol/g fresh wt. in leaves, 5-6 $\mu$mol/g fresh wt. in roots, and 0.3-0.5 $\mu$mol/ml in xylem exudate. When free amino acids of leaves, roots, and xylem exudate were analysed by HPLC, the relative proportion of asparagine plus glycine was the highest and canavanine was high secondarily. And the relative proportion of canavanine among total free amino acids was 30-35% in leaves and roots, and 12-13% in xylem exudate. In non-nodulated plants grown for 8 weeks, the canavanine content of each part was similar to that of 3-week-old plants. By the formation of nodules, the canavanine content of leaves, roots, xylem exudate, and nodules decreased apparently. In xylem exduate, the nitrogenous compounds were also analyzed. The relative contents of NO3-, free amino acids, and ureides(allantoin and allantoic acid) were 60-80%, 20-30%, and 5%, respectively. From these results, it can be assumed that canavanine is synthesized in the root of plant and nodulation affects the canavanine content. It is obvious that canavanine is considered one of the reduced-N forms transported via xylem.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng -
• /
• pp.160-167
• /
• 1998

Chemical studies of nitrogen compounds of Panax ginseng seem relatively rare, Probably due to the isolation difficulties, subsequently the investigations of biological activities are little. The experimental conditions were established for highly complete extraction of peptides (basic, acidic and neutral) from Panax ginseng. This task was achieved by applying the follow isolation procedure: 1 , the sequential extraction with water, 0.1% TFA in 20% acetonitril and buffer pH 6.5 (water-pyridine-acetic acid 100:3:900) : 2, fractionation by ultrafiltration : 3, n-butanol extraction 4, cation- and anion-exchange chromatography : 5, chromato-electrophoresis. The comparison of red ginseng (xylem Sl pith part) and red ginseng inside white (xylem Sc pith part) was also provided. To analyze the peptide mixture the chromato-electrophoresis method of separation was applied. Optimal conditions for peptides mapping of sample were explored. Our experiments revealed the quantitative difference of peptide between xylem & pith and phloem & cortex part. We have also found the qualitative difference in the composition of polypeptides between normal red ginseng (xylem Sc pith part) and red ginseng inside-white (xylem St pith part)

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.207-216
• /
• 1983

Mature embryo and developing seedlings of Ginkgo biloba L. were embedded in a paraplast and serially sectioned at 10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to examine vascular differentiation and vascular transition. Procambium and protophloem formed a continuous system along the epicotylhypocotyl root axis and cotyledons in mature embryo, whereas protoxylem was differentiated discontinuously in the cotyledons and rarely in the upper hypocotyl. The traces of the first and second leaf primordia apeared almost at the same time oppositely to each otehr at the epicotyl and alternately with the cotyledon traces in the upper hypocotyl. The trace differentiated bidirectionally toward the epicotyl and root tips. the young root initially formed a diarch xylem. Then, as the traces of the first and second leaves were superimposed, the diarch xylem. Then, as the traces of the first and second leaves were superimposed, the diarch xylem of the root was changed totriarch and tetrarch xylem, respectively. On the formation of primary vascular system of Ginkgo biloba, it is suggested that the primary phloem forms a continuous system throughout the seedling, whereas the primary xylem of the epicotyl is formed independently from that of the root-hypocotyl cotyledon system.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.97-101
• /
• 1998

박과채소류의 접목에 사용되는 대목의 종류 및 접목오이와 참외의 목부분비액의 양, 무기성분 및 식물호르몬 함량에 관하여 실험을 실시하였던 바 그 주요결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 100g 식물 생체중당 m1로 표현괸 목부분비량은 '흑종'대목이 다른 매복에 비하여 놓았으며 분비액내의 선기 전도도와 산도는 대복에 따라 큰 영향을 받지 않았다. 접목오이의 목부분비액의 양은 '흑종'호박 접목묘가 자근묘나 '키토라'접목보다 높았고, 무기성분 함량에 있어서는 전질고, 인산 및 K은 접목에 의해 증가되었고 Ca와 Mg은 자근묘보다 감소하였다. 접목참외에 있어서는 목부분비액의 양은 '금보라'참외에서는 적토좌 접목묘에서, '신은천'참외에서는 '신토좌'점목묘에서 높았다. 무기성분함량은 '신은천'참외에서는 전질소는 대 간에 차이가 없고 K와 Mg은 접목에 의해 증가되었다. '금보라'참외에서는 전실소, Ca 및 Mg은 증가하였고 K은 감소하였다. 점복참외의 목부분비액내 cytokinin 유사물질의 함량은 자근묘와 '신토좌'접목묘에서 높았다.에서 높았다.