• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.264-271
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• 2002

질소원으로 사용되고 있는 요소비료에 고분자 아크릴을 물리적으로 피복하여 제조된 완효성 요소비료의 피복율에 따른 포장용출율, 수중 및 토양중 용출율을 측정하여 이들간의 상관관계에 토양에서 피복물질의 분해특성을 조사하였다. 공시 피복요소비료의 수중 질소용출율과 토양중 질소용출율은 피복율이 낮을수록 용출율은 높았으며 온도가 높을수록 용출속도는 증가하였다. 질소의 용출패턴은 polymer의 피복율의 낮을수록 초기에 급격하게 용출되었고, 피복율이 높을수록 질소용출은 지연되었다. 그리고 토양중 용출속도는 수중조건에 비하여 전반적으로 빠르게 용출되었으며, 실제 포장에서의 용출특성은 항온 토양매립 조건과 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 실내 토양 매립 조건과 실제 포장에서의 상관관계는 피복율 8.5%인 N001에서 $Y=-0.0011X^2+2.2931X-50.264(R^2=0.9884)$, 피복율 6.3%인 N003은 $Y=-0.0016X^2+1.1587X+5.5064(R^2=0.9850)$ 그리고 피복율 4.8%인 N005는 $Y=-0.03X^2+6.4999X-243.22(R^2=0.9422)$ (Y:포장용출율, X:시험기간)의 관계식을 나타내었다. 그리고 실내 수중조건과 실제 포장에서의 상관관계는 피복율 8.5%인 N001에서 $Y=-0.0011X^2+2.2601X-25.329(R^2=0.9884)$, 피복율 6.3%인 N003은 $Y=-0.0306X^2+4.4994X-76.307(R^2=0.955)$ 그리고 피복율 4.8%인 N005는 $Y=-0.0164X^2+3.7764X-108.22(R^2=0.9422)$의 관계식을 나타내었다. 피복물질인 고분자 아크릴 피복제의 논토양에 매립 기간에 따른 피막의 중량변화는 토양매립 150일 경과 후 피복율 8.5% 비료에서 약 23%, 피복율 6.3% 비료에서 약 22% 그리고 피복율 4.8% 비료에서 약 15%정도 감소되었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Fermented Houttuyniae Herba Water Extract (HL) on production of proinflammatory mediators in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : Cell viabilities were measured by MTT assay. Effect of HL on nitric oxide (NO) production from RAW 264.7 cells was accessed by Griess reagent assay. Effect of HL on productions of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukine (IL)-17, Interferon $\gamma$-inducible protein (IP)-10, Eotaxin, IL-5, Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-3 (MCP-3), and IL-13 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells was accessed by a multiplex bead array assay based on xMAP technology. Results : The results of the experiment are as follows. 1. Incubation with HL for 24 hours showed significant increase in cell viability of RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages (P < 0.05). 2. HL showed to inhibit NO production from RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 25 and 50 ug/mL significantly (P < 0.05). 3. HL inhibited significantly NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 ug/mL (P < 0.05). 4. HL inhibited significantly IL-17, IP-10 and Eotaxin in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 ug/mL (P < 0.05). Conclusions : These results suggest that HL has anti-inflammatory moiety related with its inhibition of NO, IL-17, IP-10, and Eotaxin in macrophages.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2014

Macrophage death plays a role in several physiological and inflammatory pathologies such as sepsis and arthritis. In our previous work, we showed that simvastatin triggers cell death in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells through both caspase-dependent and independent apoptotic pathways. Here, we show that the nuclear orphan receptor NR4A1 is involved in a caspase-independent apoptotic process induced by LPS and simvastatin. Simvastatin-induced NR4A1 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages and ectopic expression of a dominant-negative mutant form of NR4A1 effectively suppressed both DNA fragmentation and the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) during LPS- and simvastatin-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, apoptosis was accompanied by Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) translocation to the mitochondria. Our findings suggest that NR4A1 expression and mitochondrial translocation of Bax are related to simvastatin-induced apoptosis in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2005년도 제16회 정기총회 및 동계학술발표회
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• pp.264-265
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• 2005

In this paper the conceptual design and development of a compact vertical type soft x-ray microscope is described. This x-ray microscope operates in the water window wavelength region(2.3 ${\sim}$ 4.4nm), where natural contrast between carbon(protein) and oxygen(water) allows imaging of unstained biological material their natural, hydrated environment. Until now, operational x-ray microscopes are based on synchrotron radiation sources, which limit their accessibility. Many biologists would benefit from having the x-ray microscope as a tool among other tools in their own laboratory, For this purpose we introduced the compact vertical type soft X-ray microscope with 50 nm resolution for biomedical application. The compact vertical type soft x-ray microscope is based on a laser plasma x-ray source, doubled ellipsoidal condenser reflective optics, diffractive zone plate optics and MCP coupled with CCD to record an x-ray image.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.475-482
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• 2009

Rifampicin is a macrocyclic antibiotic which is used extensively for treatment against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections. Recently, a number of studies have focused on the immune-regulatory effects of rifampicin. Therefore, we hypothesized that rifampicin may influence the TLR2 expression in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. In this study, we determined that rifampicin suppresses LPS-induced TLR2 mRNA expression. The down-regulation of TLR2 expression coincided with decreased production of TNF-$\alpha$ Since NF-${\kappa}B$ is a major transcription factor that regulates genes for TLR2 and TNF-$\alpha$, we examined the effect of rifampicin on the LPS-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. Rifampicin inhibited NF-${\kappa}B$ DNA-binding activity in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells, while it did not affect IKK$\alpha/\beta$ activity. However, rifampicin slightly inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65. In addition, rifampicin increased physical interaction between pregnane X receptor, a receptor for rifampicin, and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65, suggesting pregnane X receptor interferes with NF-${\kappa}B$ binding to DNA. Taken together, our results demonstrate that rifampicin inhibits LPS-induced TLR2 expression, at least in part, via the suppression of NF-${\kappa}B$ DNA-binding activity in RAW 264.7 cells. Thus, the present results suggest that the rifampicin-mediated inhibition of TLR2 via the suppression of NF-${\kappa}B$ DNA-binding activity may be a novel mechanism of the immune-suppressive effects of rifampicin.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.484-492
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• 2016

High efficiency video coding (HEVC)은 H.264/AVC와 같은 이전 비디오 압축 표준 보다 더 높은 압축 효율을 갖는 최신 비디오 압축 표준이다. 화면 내 예측에서 최대 압축 단위 (LCU)들은 quadtree 구조를 통해 64x64부터 8x8까지의 크기를 갖는 더 작은 압축 단위 (CU)들로 나누어지고, 이들은 다시 예측 단위 (PU)들로 나누어진다. 가능한 크기까지 CU를 분할하면서 RDO (Rate Distortion Optimization) 과정을 통해 최적의 CU 분할 형태가 선택된다. 이 과정에서 HEVC는 많은 계산량을 필요로 한다. 본 논문에서는 HEVC의 계산량을 줄이기 위해, FAST (Features from Accelerated Segment Test) 코너 검출을 이용하여 화면 내 예측을 위한 고속 CU depth 결정 방법 (FCDD)을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 기존의 HEVC와 비교하여 약 0.7%의 BDBR 만큼의 적은 압축 성능 감소와 함께 부호화기에서 약 53.73%의 계산 시간을 감소시켰다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제101권4호
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• pp.574-578
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• 2012

산지소유역의 밤나무림, 소나무림, 개벌조림지를 중심으로 강우특성에 따른 임분별 탁도 변화 특성을 조사하고 탁도 발생에 영향을 미치는 산림환경 인자를 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 임분별 탁도와 관련인자간의 분석에서 색도, 부유물질, 소류토사량, 경사, 강우강도, 선행무강우일수, 유역면적, 유로길이는 1%의 유의수준에서 양의 상관관계를 나타내었고, 누적강우량은 5% 유의수준에서 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 또한 산지계류수의 탁도발생에 영향을 미치는 인자를 분석한 결과 선행무강우일수, 강우강도, 유로길이, 색도 및 부유물질의 순으로 나타났으며, 탁도 발생에 영향을 많이 미치는 다중회귀식은 Y(탁도)=-28.125+0.047x(부유물질)+0.058x(색도)+1.518x(강우강도)+0.264x(유로길이)+1.837x(선행무강우일수)로 추정할 수 있었다. 따라서, 산림의 개발과 이용으로 인해 교란된 토양은 강우와 함께 계류로 유출되어 하류의 하천 및 호소의 수질에 영향을 미치므로 산림지역의 산지계류에서는 탁도에 영향을 주는 부유물질 및 토사유출 등을 줄일 수 있도록 버트리스 사방댐이나 수질정화용 사방댐 등 사방구조물의 설치가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.264-268
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• 1996

Panax-ginseng saponin has been known to exert various pharmacological effects on cellular metabolism. This study was performed to determine the effect of ginseng saponin on gap junction channel-mediated intercellular communication, using an established in vitro system of reconstituted gap junction channels. Gap junction channels are a specialized plasma membrane fraction, which are permeable to relatively large water-soluble molecules. The sucrose permeable property of reconstituted gap junction channels was completely inhibited with 0.1 % (w/v) of ginseng saponin. We also compared the effect of ginseng saponin with that of Triton X-100, a nonionic detergent, on the same system. Triton X-100 showed significantly different effect on sucrose-permeability of gap junction channel from that was affected by ginseng saponin. The structures of liposomes containing gap junction channels was significantly destroyed by Triton X-100.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.264-269
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• 1985

The inheritance of violet and green stems was examined in F1 F2 of violetstem variant x yellow-berry variant in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, and the characters of F1 and F2 plants were investigated. From these results, it was shown that most of the characters of F1 and F2 plants were simillar to the female plants. However, reciprocal crosses between violet and green stems yielded progeny of violet-stem variant. Thus the cross V♀x♂Y gave all violet-stem seedlings, and the cross Y♂ x Y♀ gave all violet-stem seedlings. And all of the crosses segregated in F2 in a ratio of 3 violet to 1 green.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권3C호
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• pp.264-270
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• 2003

Application of the Filtered-X LMS adaptive filter to active noise control requires to estimate the transfer characteristics between the output and the error signal of the adaptive canceler. In this paper, we derive an adaptive control algorithm and analyze its convergence behavior when the acoustic noise is assumed to consist of multiple sinusoids. The results of the convergence analysis of the Filtered-X LMS algorithm indicate that the effects of parameter estimation inaccuracy on the convergence behavior of the algorithm are characterize by two distinct components : Phase estimation error and estimated magnitude. In particular, the convergence of the Filtered-X LMS algorithm is shown to be strongly affected by the accuracy of the phase response estimate. Simulation results of the algorithm are presented which support the theoretical convergence analysis.