• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of hand and foot baths on sleep and body temperature of the elderly. Methods: The research was designed for a nonequivalent control group before and after the test design. The subjects of this study totaled 43, aged 65 and over (23 people in hand bath group and 20 people in a foot bath group), who received a written voluntary consent to participate in experimental treatment and are in the W care center, S Nursing Home, and H care center in Seoul. Data were collected with questionnaires and observations, and were analyzed on the basis of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, ${\chi}^2-test$, Fisher exact test, t-test and paired t-test. Results: There are no significant differences in homogeneity test of a dependent variable between groups (hand bath, foot bath). The differences between 2 groups on the sleep quality score and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure temperature were not significant statistically except on the pulse. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, hand bath is as efficient as foot bath. Therefore, a hand bath can be a nursing intervention in order to enrich sleep quality for the elderly because a hand bath is more convenient than foot bath.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.663-671
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• 2017

Some genetic association tests include an unidentifiable nuisance parameter under the null hypothesis of no association. When the mode of inheritance (MOI) is not specified in a case-control design, the Cochran-Armitage (CA) trend test contains an unidentifiable nuisance parameter. The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) in a family-based association study that includes the unaffected also contains an unidentifiable nuisance parameter. The hypothesis tests that include an unidentifiable nuisance parameter are typically performed by taking a supremum of the CA tests or TDT over reasonable values of the parameter. The p-values of the supremum test statistics cannot be obtained by a normal or chi-square distribution. A common method is to use a Davies's upper bound of the p-value instead of an exact asymptotic p-value. In this paper, we provide a unified sine-cosine process expression of the CA trend test that does not specify the MOI and the TDT that includes the unaffected. We also present a closed form expression of the exact asymptotic formulas to calculate the p-values of the supremum tests when the score function can be written as a linear form in an unidentifiable parameter. We illustrate how to use the derived formulas using a pharmacogenetics case-control dataset and an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder family-based example.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.675-683
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• 2013

Purpose: Nineteen articles were analyzed to gather opinions and nursing implications about NIPT recently launched. Methods: Nineteen articles were selected from EBSCO (eBook business collection), Google Scholar, and two Korean academic d-bases with key words 'prenatal screening testing', 'prenatal genetic diagnostic testing', NIPT or 'cell free DNA (cfDNA)'. Authors developed a framework for analyzing the 19 articles including opinions and suggestions for future implications. Results: Eleven articles written by the first author affiliated with medicine or genetics, viewed NIPT as promising because of safety, accuracy, early detectability and cost effectiveness. Articles written by journalists or authors affiliated with history and ethics were concerned with the possible risk of ELSI (ethical, legal, social issues), erratic interpretation of test results, and lack of genetic counseling service. Conclusion: With consideration of Korean clinical, and legal circumstances, not only pregnant women and families but also health professionals must prepare for clinical NIPT implications including updating prenatal genetic testing, counseling services, protecting ELSI and amulticultural team approach.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2019

A test plan is a high level document detailing objectives, processes, schedules and so on for verifying a developed software. And a test strategy, a component of a test plan, is about how to test software products to guarantee its quality and find bugs in the software in advance. Therefore, establishing effective and suitable test strategies is important for elaborating test processes. However, these tasks are difficult for project managers who write a test plan if they were not trained well in software test processes. And mis-designed test strategies will also mislead entire testing behaviors that testers would do. As a result, there would be a low quality software product in the end. To solve this problem, we propose a new test strategy reuse technique in this paper. By utilizing test plans of already completed software development projects, we lead test planer to reuse suitable and effective test strategies which were used in previous projects. To do so, we evaluate existing test strategies by utilizing ISO/IEC 25010 quality model for evaluating the suitability of test strategies and also use effectiveness metrics for test strategies. And from these evaluations, we predict completeness of new test plan that is written by reused test strategies. It can help the project manager to write an appropriate test plan for the quality characteristics which are selected as objectives for testing and software product. We show the possibility of our approach by implementing a prototype into the existing framework in a case study.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the learning experience, knowledge, and performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in newly graduated nurses, and to identify differences related to learning experience. Methods: The participants were 114 new nurses in the hospital. They were asked to complete a questionnaire, which included CPR learning experience. They were evaluated by a written test and a skill test using a manikin and check list. Results: All participants attended CPR lectures and underwent practice while in university. Only 12.28% of participants were taught by a certified Basic Life Support (BLS) instructor. The mean scores of the written and skill tests were $79.82{\pm}12.69$ and $64.41{\pm}11.71$, respectively. The nurses lacked CPR knowledge related to checking breathing, the frequency of 30 chest compressions, compression rate, and automated external defibrillator use. They also lacked skill in performing CPR related to checking breathing and pulse and giving 2 breaths. CPR performance differed according to learning time (p=.047) and BLS educator (p=.029). Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal that CPR performance by newly graduated nurses is poor and suggest that CPR education by trained instructors, practice-based education, and reeducation programs must be provided to newly graduated nurses in the hospital.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2014

어음 이해는 발화속도에 영향을 받는다. 발화속도는 쉼 간격으로 조절할 수 있는데, 쉼 간격은 정보 처리과정에서 여유 시간을 가질 수 있어서 정보의 과부하를 피할 수 있다. 이 연구는 쉼 간격이 노화에 따른 청력손실과 청각재활, 청각처리 과정에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 기초 연구로서 그 정상치를 알아보고자 한다. 연구 대상은 청각학 및 언어병리학적 문제가 없는 일반 초등학생 남자 7명, 여자 8명으로 하였다. 검사 도구는 3음절 20개를 1 set으로, 모두 4 set를 제작하였다. 이들 모든 낱말은 각각 보통(250 ms), 느린(500 ms), 아주 느린(1000 ms) 속도로 쉼 간격을 조절하였다. 선택용 보기는 올바르게 표기한 3음절 낱말 하나와 음소 하나씩을 오류 표기한 세 개의 낱말을 포함한 4개의 낱말로 하였다. 대상자에게는 3음절 낱말을 들려 준 후, 하나를 선택하게 하였다. 연구 결과 쉼 간격에 따른 평균 어음이해도는 250, 500, 1,000 ms의 순서로 $73{\pm}19.4%$, $84{\pm}12.2%$, $88{\pm}8.8%$로 각각 나타났다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.147-166
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• 2006

This study investigates the effect of misplacement in a written Computer-delivered ESL Placement Test (CEPT) context. The study aims to address the following two research questions: a) which scoring rubric features cause the misplacement of ESL learner's writing scores? and b) which scoring rubric features improve ESL learner's writing scores? Thirty-four international examinees took the test and participated in surveys at the University of Illinois. Twelve examinees of them attended the CEPT workshop test. In the workshop test, they carried out self-evaluation on their first essays using a scoring rubric and compared with expert raters' results. After the workshop, the examinees responded to a survey and interview. For the first research question, the results of the survey and interview addressed that the majority disagreed with the raters' rating results. The self-evaluation results also indicated that their misunderstanding of organization feature caused the misplacement. For the second question, the CEPT workshop scores were improved due to the score improvement in the organization feature while the contribution of other features to the total scores was little. Most of the examinees pointed out that a lesson on the scoring rubric enhanced their understanding of the writing features of the rubric so that their placement scores were generally improved.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2012

고수준의 명세나 고수준의 프로그래밍 언어로 작성된 원시 코드를 이용하여 테스트 데이터를 생성하는 것이 일반적이다. 그러나 어떤 상황에서는 이러한 테스트 데이터 생성 정보가 항상 이용가능하지 않을 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 실행가능 목적코드를 바탕으로 테스트 데이터를 생성하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 정교한 목적 코드 분석을 필요로 하지 않은 매우 간단한 함수 최소화 기법을 사용하여 동적으로 테스트 데이터를 생성한다. 삼각형 분류 프로그램에 대한 실험을 통하여 분기 커버리지를 매우 효과적으로 달성함을 보인다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2001

Naturally-ocurring short-lived decay products of radon gas in indoor air are the dominant source of ionizing radiation exposure to the general public. It is written in BEIR VI Report(l999l the radon progeny were identified as the second cause of lung cancer next to cigarette or 10 % to 14 %(15,400 to 21,800 persons p.a.) of all lung cancer deaths in USA. Indoor radon concentrations in houses typically result from radon gaining access to houses mainly from the underlying soil. In the States, they have "Indoor Radon Abatement Act" which was converted from "Toxic Substance Control Act" in 1988 to establish the national long-term goal that indoor air should be as free of radon as the ambient air outside of buildings. To review and study techniques for controlling radon, two test cells were constructed for a series of tests and are under measuring indoor and soil gas (underneath of floor slab)radon concentrations according to EPA's measurement protocol. In this paper, important theoretical studies are previewed and the following paper will explain the test results and confirm the theories reviewed to find out suitable coefficients. On the basis of test analysis, it will be described and evaluated various techniques that can be used to mitigate elevated indoor concentration of radon including the control of radon and its decay products.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.190-206
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• 1996

In case measurements are made on units of production in time order, it is reasonable to expect that the measurement errors will sometimes be first order autocorrelated, and a technique to test such autocorrelation is required to give good control of the productive process. Tool-wear process provide an example for which regression model can sometimes be useful in modeling and controlling the process. For the control of such process, we present a simple method for testing first order autocorrelation in regression errors. The method is based on Bayesian test method via Bayes factor and derived by observing that in general, a Bayes factor can be written as the product of a quantity called the Savage-Dickey density ratio and a correction factor ; both terms are easily estimated from Gibbs sampling technique. Performance of the method is examined by means of Monte Carlo simulation. It is noted that the test not only achieves satisfactory power but eliminates the inconvenience occurred in using the well-known Durbin-Watson test.