• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2016

When elementary students write their own sentences, it is often educationally beneficial to compare them with other people's similar sentences. However, it is impractical for use in most classrooms, because it is burdensome for teachers to look up all of the sentences written by students. To cope with this problem, we propose a novel approach for automatic selection of similar sentences based on a three-step process: 1) extracting the subword units from the word-level sentences, 2) training the model with the encoder-decoder architecture, and 3) using the approximate k-nearest neighbor search algorithm to find the similar sentences. Experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves the accuracy of 75% for our test data.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

Objectives Visual inspection is the first diagnostic method in Oriental medicine, and visual inspection of eyes is the one among them. This study was written in order to complement further understanding on visual inspection of eyes. Methods 1. Out of 102 photographs submitted to the Society of HyungSang Medicine in 2009, 27 portrait pictures were selected as samples in blind by 2 clinicians. The samples were copied to make 54 sample pictures, and then randomly assigned to 4 clinicians. 2. The 4 clinicians evaluated the 54 samples for excess and deficiency of the eyes. The results were recorded as 5-points-scale, and their average and standard deviation was calculated. 3. Intra and inter class reliability test were measured using SPSS 13. Results For intra- and inter-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values were measured as 0.654~0.967 and 0.756~ 0.783 respectively, with the P-value below 0.05. Out of 27 originally selected samples, 7 pictures were selected as Deficiency Samples (with 3 pictures of male and 4 of females), and 20 as Excess Samples (with 4 of male and 16 of female). Among them, Sample No. 1, 9, 22, and 26 were selected as models of 'Excessive Eyes' for females, no. 4 and 5 as 'Very Excessive Eyes' for male and females, and no. 15 as 'Moderate Eyes' for females. Conclusion This study is the first attempt of quantitative measurement of excess and deficiency using the Visual Inspection of eyes by the visual inspection experts. Still, additional studies are needed regarding the relationship visual inspection methods have with existing standards of diagnosis.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.1281-1293
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• 1996

In this paper, we propose a novel recognition model of on-line cursive Korean characters using HMM(Hidden Markov Model) and level building algorithm. The model is constructed as a form of recognition network with HMM for graphemes and Korean combination rules. Though the network is so flexible as to accomodate variability of input patterns, it has a problem of recognition speed caused by 11, 172 search paths. To settle the problem, we modify the level building algorithm to be adapted directly to the Korean combination rules and apply it to the model. The modified algorithm is efficient network search procedure time complexity of which depends on the number of HMMs for each grapheme, not the number of paths in the extensive recognition network. A test with 15, 000 hand written characters shows recognition rat 90% and speed of 0.72 second per character.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.254-263
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• 2016

Objective: Written information could be helpful for senior population to adhere to complex medication therapies, but must be well prepared and empirically assessed to achieve such end. We purposed to develop a drug information leaflet for senior citizens by applying 'performance-based user-testing.' Methods: We employed a user-testing, a mixed method to figure difficulties out with patients' leaflets from the user perspective. The cycle made of test and revision can be repeated as necessary. We recruited senior citizens with age of 65 or above who were taking antihypertensive medications at the point of participating and excluded the elderly who suffered illiteracy. We firstly rectified a drug information leaflet of antihypertensive medications for the general public distributed by the Korean authority based on focus group interviews (9 participants). The revised leaflets were tested four times with 8~12 participants in each round (40 seniors in total). We targeted to develop a leaflet which more than 80% of participants understood 10 key information. Main outcomes measures were to be able to find information and be able to understand information. This study was approved by the Yeungnam University Research Ethics Committee. Results: Focus group interviews identified difficulties with small font of words, professional language, long information, and a poor structure. The leaflet was revised and in the first round questionnaire found problems with 4/10 information points; interviews disclosed all but one (normal blood pressure range) were ill-understood. The second round questionnaire and interview found fewer problems but the comprehensiveness of participants was still poor in several points. For the third and fourth rounds we revised the leaflets in the individual-targeted manner. Finally, the fourth round showed all key information found and understood by at least 80% of participants except one question about drug name. Conclusion: The drug leaflets need to be developed in a personalized mode for the seniors. There was a limit for Korean seniors to understand nonproprietary name of their drugs because they used to producers' trade names which the Korean health system predominantly works with.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.740-749
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to survey junior high school teachers' and students' perceptions on the science textbooks. Subjects of this study were 113 science teachers and 715 students from junior high schools in Daegu and Kyungpook area. As statistical method, one-way ANOVA and t-test were used to check differences of the perceptions between teachers and students. Teachers had different perceptions by school location and class size, while students had different perceptions by school location, co-ed, class size, and grade level. Both teachers and students having the relativistic viewpoint on textbook knowledge regarded the knowledge as relativistic one, and preferred the student-centered textbooks. Teachers liked textbooks written by the student-centered view more than students did. Teachers had the more absolutistic viewpoint on textbook knowledge and on teaching, while students liked the electronic textbooks more than teachers did.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.297-310
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate the user characteristics in different age groups by investigating the level of satisfaction and preference of design and function of mobile phone. 160 subjects participated in the experiment. Subjects with different ages were selected and divided into four groups: young age group (20 to less than 45), $1^{st}$ middle age group (45 to less than 55), $2^{nd}$ middle age group(55 to less than 65), and elderly group(over 65). A questionnaire was developed based on the previous design guideline, and additional questions were made to test newly developed function and design of the mobile phone. In particular, depth interviews were conducted in order to have a proper response from old subjects who have difficulties in completing written questionnaire. In result, it was found that except for price the major criterion to purchase mobile phone was the design, and the function of phone was the next except for elderly group. In the case of elderly group, the screen size is the first. Statistical results indicated that 37.5% of the young age group, 22.5% of $1^{st}$ middle age group, 22.5% of $2^{nd}$ middle age group and 10.0% of the elderly group preferred the design to function when they purchase mobile phones. Most elderly people were not satisfied with the supplementary function of the mobile phone. The $1^{st}$ middle age group did not know exactly how to use the supplementary service although they were willing to use it. Regarding the emotional preference on the type of phone, the sliding type was preferred most. Current results can be used to anticipate the future trend of mobile phone and design a user-friendly product for the aged population.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.505-512
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• 1988

Since the propagation of a short fatigue crack is directly related to the large crack which causes the fracture of bulk specimen, the detailed study on the propagation of the short crack is essential to prevent the fatigue fracture. However, a number of recent studies have demonstrated that the short crack can grow at a low applied stress level which are predicted from the threshold condition of large crack. In present study, the threshold condition for the propagation of short fatigue crack is examined with respect to the microstructure and cyclic loading history. Specimens employed in this study were decarburized eutectoid steels which have various decarburized ferrite volume fraction. Rotating bending fatigue test was carried out on these specimens with the special emphasis on the '||'&'||'quot;critical non-propagating crack length.'||'&'||'quot; It is found that the reduction of the endurance limit of their particular microstructures can be due to the increase of the length of critical non-propagating crack, and the quantitative relationship between the threshold stress .DELTA. .sigma. $_{th}$ and the critical non-propagating crack length Lc can be written as .DELTA. .sigma. $_{th}$, Lc=C where m, C is constant. Further experiments were carried out on the effect of pearlitic structure and cyclic loading history on the length of critical non-propagating crack. It is shown that the length of critical non-propagating crack is closely related to both pearlite interlamellar spacing and cyclic loading history.ory. cyclic loading history.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.69-88
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to see if reading guidances using the happy point books are effective. In this study, reading guidances were carried out to the 6th grade students of J Elementary School who have Enneagram Personality type 2. Books were selected as a source of reading guidance. These are self-growth theme books preferred by Enneagram Personality Type 4 students, a happy point of Enneagram Personality Type 2 students and books containing psychological functions of Enneagram Personality Type 4 students. A reading guidance was conducted in 14 sessions over a period of 5 weeks. Pre and post test using a measurement tool was implemented to measure the effectiveness of reading guidance in terms of emotional intelligence and self-esteem. And, written observation record cards and learning logs of the attendants were also made. As a result, the emotional intelligence and self-esteem of attendants appeared to be improved, and they are satisfied with reading guidance of applying to happy point books.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.97-110
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• 2020

The purpose of this case study was to report the effectiveness of aphasia in patients with cerebral infarction with hydrocephalus. A patient diagnosed with a middle cerebral artery infarction and hydrocephalus was treated with Gami-cheongeumjowi-tang, acupuncture, and moxibustion. The degree of improvement of symptoms was evaluated using the Korean version of the Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test (K-FAST) and the Mini-Mental State Examination-Korea (MMSE-K). At the time of admission, the K-FAST score was 7 points and the MMSE-K score was 4 points because no words other than 'Yes' could be spoken. At discharge, the K-FAST score was 22 points and the MMSE-K score was 19 points. A particularly noticeable improvement was found in spoken and written comprehension, reading, and repetition. The study findings indicate that Korean medicine treatment can be used to treat the symptoms of patients with aphasia. The periventricular region may be distorted by hydrocephalus, resulting in Broca's aphasia in a cerebral infarction of the middle cerebral artery inferior division.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.221-232
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• 2010

Purpose: It is necessary for dental technicians exposed to hazardous chemicals in the dental laboratories to be informed of the various harmful effects of chemicals for their health and safety. The purposes of this study was to investigate the actual condition of the use of MSDS in dental laboratories and the recognition rate of MSDS for dental technicians. Methods: 231 dental technicians who were self-written questionnaire. The results were analyzed by SPSS 12.0. The answers to the questionnaire underwent frequency analysis, chi-square test and correlation analysis were performed to investigate association between health effects and recognition rate of chemical information. Results: The results from the effects of damage caused by chemicals 60.7%, and when it was less than 2 years working experience 47.6%. Currently any dental laboratories(rooms) was not furnished MSDS(0%) and even similar data furnishing rate was only 17.3%. Answer rate of 'Do not know about MSDS' was 73.6%. In addition to, education in the types and characteristics of chemicals(74.5%) does not receive all the higher education. For the question of 'To prevent human risks and accidents, is to provide chemical information needed', the answer rate of 'needed' was 87.2%. Moreover, the answer rate of 'To provide chemical information that could prevent accidents' was 76.6%. Therefore it was found that dental technicians need to be provided for chemical information. In addition, they wanted to get education related to chemicals used in the workplace(80.5%), and 90.9% was answered that they was willing to keep MSDS in they workplace. Conclusion: This study investigated the current dental laboratories(rooms) and the MSDS for the awareness and recognition of workers was very low, education was not being conducted properly. The dental laboratories(rooms) of the compact characteristics of the MSDS was not reasonably accessible and the furnishing location, dental laboratories(rooms) for the real item was needed for improvement. MSDS for dental technicians through education and promotion of information about chemicals and chemicals was to prevent health problems caused by the MSDS that will raise awareness of the necessity.