• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 2014

Many studies have reported an age-related decline in the ability to spell words correctly. The aim of this study was to investigate the deterioration on retrieving orthographic knowledge in 64 normal elderly Korean persons. The subjects were 64 in total: they were composed of 22 persons in their 50s, 20 persons in their 60s, and 22 persons in their 70s or older. We instructed them to write from a dictation of 60 words stimuli (20 regular words, 20 irregular words, 20 nonwords). Older adults made more errors than younger adults, and the age-related decline in performance was greater for irregular than regular and nonwords. With respect to the error pattern in the irregular words, the subjects showed more phonological plausible errors than phonological implausible errors. The number of self-correction was high in nonwords. Based on the results, we found that aging differentially affects the retrieval of orthographic knowledge on regular, irregular and nonwords.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.83-104
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• 2009

This study examined whether self-correction or metalinguistic explanation might make a difference in the ability to accurately write two English grammatical structures when learners received indirect teacher feedback in the form of underlining target errors in a Korean EFL college classroom. With the goal of helping low-proficiency students improve their ability to accurately write sentences including nonfinite present participial relative clauses and present participial constructions, four groups were formed: a group which received indirect feedback, a group which received indirect feedback and metalinguistic explanation, a group which received indirect feedback and self-corrected errors, and a group which received indirect feedback and self-corrected errors after receiving metalinguistic explanation. The results showed that the effects of either metalinguistic explanation or self-correction integrated with indirect feedback on learners' ability to accurately write the target structures were not meaningful, while the combined effects of metalinguistic explanation and self-correction were statistically significant.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-42
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• 2023

The number of studies on data-driven learning (DDL) has increased in recent years, and DDL's overall effectiveness as an L2 (second language) teaching methodology has been reported to be high. However, the degree of its effectiveness in grammar instruction, particularly for the goal of correcting errors in L2 writing, is still unclear. To provide guidelines for focused grammar instruction with DDL in the Japanese classroom setting, we aimed to identify the typical grammatical errors made by Japanese learners in the Cambridge Learner Corpus First Certificate in English (CLC FCE) dataset. The results revealed that three error types (nouns, articles, and prepositions) should be addressed in DDL grammar instruction for Japanese English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. In light of the findings, pedagogical implications and suggestions for future DDL research and practice are discussed.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2017

Long time has passed since computers which used to be a means of research were commercialized and available for the general public. People used writing instruments to write before computer was commercialized. However, today a growing number of them are using computers to write instead. Computerized word processing helps write faster and reduces fatigue of hands than writing instruments, making it better fit to making long texts. However, word processing programs are more likely to cause spelling errors by the mistake of users. Spelling errors distort the shape of words, making it easy for the writer to find and correct directly, but those caused due to users' lack of knowledge or those hard to find may make it almost impossible to produce a document free of spelling errors. However, spelling errors in important documents such as theses or business proposals may lead to falling reliability. Consequently, it is necessary to conduct research on high-level spelling error correction programs for the general public. This study was designed to produce a system to correct sentence-level spelling errors to normal words with Korean alphabet similarity algorithm. On the basis of findings reported in related literatures that corrected words are significantly similar to misspelled words in form, spelling errors were extracted from a corpus. Extracted corrected words were replaced with misspelled ones to correct spelling errors with spelling error detection algorithm.

• 재활복지
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.229-246
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to conduct superordinate word selection task to compare their performance and reaction time, and superordinate word writing task to compare the differences in their performance and error pattern in 40 elderly adults and 43 young adults. As a result, first, in both tasks, elderly adults had a smaller number of correct responses. Second, elderly adults showed slower reaction time than young adults. Third, in superordinate word writing task, elderly adults showed more relevant errors than irrelevant errors. The reason elderly adults had a smaller number of correct responses in both tasks was that the links among the pieces of information in the semantic lexicon weakened or deteriorated due to normal aging. Slower reaction time was based on neurophysiological changes of the brain and cognitive processing speed. In addition, the relevant errors showed that they could access the lexicon for target words and produce explanation the relevant characteristics, even though they could not retrieve the target words.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.3-8
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 일련의 연구에서 수집된 영작문 오류 유형의 정제된 자료를 토대로 연관 규칙을 생성하고, 학습을 통해서 효용성이 검증된 연관 규칙을 활용해서 영작문 데이터의 형태 통사 오류를 자동으로 탐지한다. 영작문 데이터에서 형태 통사 오류를 찾아내는 작업은 많은 시간과 자원이 소요되는 작업이므로 자동화가 필수적이다. 기존의 연구들이 통계적 모델을 활용한 어휘적 오류에 치중하거나 언어 이론적 틀에 근거한 통사 처리에 집중하는 반면에, 본 연구는 데이터 마이닝을 통해서 정제된 데이터에서 연관 규칙을 생성하고 이를 검증한 후 형태 통사 오류를 감지한다. 이전 연구들에서는 이론적 틀에 맞추어진 규칙 생성이나 언어 모델 생성을 위한 대량의 코퍼스 데이터와 같은 다량의 지식 베이스 생성이 필수적인데, 본 연구는 적은 양의 정제된 데이터를 활용한다. 영작문 오류 유형의 형태 통사 연관 규칙을 생성하기 위해서 Apriori 알고리즘을 활용하였다. 알고리즘을 통해서 생성된 연관 규칙 중 잘못된 규칙이 생성될 가능성이 있으므로, 상관성 검정, 코사인 유사도와 같은 규칙 효용성의 통계적 검증을 활용해서 타당한 규칙만을 학습하였다. 이를 통해서 축적된 연관 규칙들을 영작문 오류를 자동으로 탐지하는 실험에 활용하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.617-619
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• 2004

Data storage related with writing and retrieving requires high storage capacity, fast transfer rate and less access time in. Today any data storage system can not satisfy these conditions, but holographic data storage system can perform faster data transfer rate because it is a page oriented memory system using volume hologram in writing and retrieving data. System architecture without mechanical actuating part is possible, so fast data transfer rate and high storage capacity about $1Tb/cm^3$ can be realized. In this paper, to correct errors of binary data stored in holographic digital data storage system, find cluster centers using subtractive clustering and reduce intensities of pixels around centers, so the intensify profile of data rare will be uniform and the better data storage system can be realized.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.76-80
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• 2003

A resource management system of for the paper-bag product company was made. The objective of the system is computering the hand writing management process to improve the performance of working process of the small company. For this, some programming and design strategies were made such as the simplification, ease to use, similarity with old system and object oriented concept. It is expected to reduce burdens and errors of hand writing and improve the efficiencies of small company.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.9-19
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• 2000

Objective : We proposed fundamental rules of prospective Korean Standard Classification of Diseases(Oriental Medicine). Methods : We analysed Korean Standard Classification of Diseases(Oriental Medicine)(established in 1994) in comparison with ICD-10 and Chinese Standard Classification of Disease(Traditional Chinese Medicine). Secondly, we analysed the diagnostic structure of Modem oriental medicine. Results : Korean Standard Classification of Diseases has an inappropriate writing structure, logical errors of classification, confusion of symptoms, 'bing', and 'zheng', inappropriate comparison of disease designations in oriental medicine and western medicine, and the ommission of important items. Secondly, we demonstrate the relations of 'bing' and 'zheng' in modem oriental medicine and disease designations in oriental medicine and western medicine. Conclusions : We propose the separate classification of 'bing' and 'zheng', the qualification of designated names, the structure of 'bing' and 'zheng' system, and a different writing method.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1076-1079
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• 2005

Data storage related with writing and retrieving requires high storage capacity, fast transfer rate and less access time in. Today any data storage system can not satisfy these conditions, but holographic data storage system can perform faster data transfer rate because it is a page oriented memory system using volume hologram in writing and retrieving data. System architecture without mechanical actuating part is possible, so fast data transfer rate and high storage capacity about 1Tb/cm3 can be realized. In this paper, to correct errors of binary data stored in holographic digital data storage system, find cluster centers using clustering algorithm and reduce intensities of pixels around centers. We archive the procedure by two algorithms of C-mean and subtractive clustering, and compare the results of the two algorithms. By using proper clustering algorithm, the intensity profile of data page will be uniform and the better data storage system can be realized.