• 제목/요약/키워드: working correlation structure

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Note on Working Correlation in the GEE of Longitudinal Counts Data

  • Jeong, Kwang-Mo
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • 제18권6호
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    • pp.751-759
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    • 2011
  • The method of generalized estimating equations(GEE) is widely used in the analysis of a correlated dataset that consists of repeatedly observed responses within subjects. The GEE uses a quasi-likelihood equations to find the parameter estimates without assuming a specific distribution for the correlated responses. In this paper we study the importance of specifying the working correlation structure appropriately in fitting GEE for correlated counts data. We investigate the empirical coverages of confidence intervals for the regression coefficients according to four kinds of working correlations where one structure should be specified by the users. The confidence intervals are computed based on the asymptotic normality and the sandwich variance estimator.

시간-종속적 공변량이 포함된 이분형 반복측정자료의 GEE를 이용한 분석에서 결측 체계에 따른 회귀계수 추정방법 비교 (Comparison of GEE Estimation Methods for Repeated Binary Data with Time-Varying Covariates on Different Missing Mechanisms)

  • 박보람;정인경
    • 응용통계연구
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    • 제26권5호
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    • pp.697-712
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    • 2013
  • 다시점 자료 연구에서 일반화추정방정식은 가상관행렬을 잘못 가정하더라도 모수의 일치추정량을 도출하므로 많이 이용된다. 하지만, 결측 체계가 완전임의결측이 아닌 경우에는 편의추정량을 제공하고, 시간-종속적 공변량이 포함된 경우에는 가상관행렬에 따라 회귀계수 추정값이 다르게 도출될 수 있는 문제점이 있다. 결측 체계가 임의결측인 경우에 발생하는 문제를 해결하기 위해 가중 방법과 다중대체 방법을 사용하는 것이 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 시간-종속적 공변량이 포함된 이분형 반복측정자료를 GEE를 이용하여 분석할 때 다양한 결측 체계에서 일반화추정방정식 방법, 가중 방법, 다중대체 방법의 회귀계수 추정에 대한 로버스트성과 정확성을 모의실험을 통하여 비교해 보았다. 세 가지 방법 모두에서 시간-종속적 공변량의 회귀계수가 시간-독립적 공변량의 회귀계수에 비해 가상관행렬에 따라 추정값의 차이가 크게 나타났다. 다른 두 방법에 비해 다중대체 방법이 가상관행렬의 형태에 대해 더 로버스트하고 편의도 작은 추정치를 도출하였다.

치과위생사의 임파워먼트와 자기효능감, 이직의도와의 관계 연구 (A Study on the Relationship of Empowerment, Self-efficacy, and Turnover Intention of Dental Hygienists)

  • 강부월;이선미
    • 한국치위생학회지
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.131-143
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of empowerment, self-efficacy, and turnover intention of dental hygienists. Date were obtained from 213 dental hygienists who were working at dental clinics, hospitals located in Seoul Kyung-ki. The results were analyzed with spsswin 9.0 and the conclusion is as follows; 1. The level of dental hygienists empowerment was 3.07, self-efficacy was 3.67, and their turnover intention was 2.98. 2. According to the working place and position, there were significant differences in empowerment(p<0.05). 3. According to the experienced-years, position, marriage and turnover experience there were significant differences in self-efficacy(p<0.05). 4. According to the position and marriage, there were significant differences in turnover intention(p<0.05). 5. Empowerment showed significant a positive correlation with self-efficacy and significant a negative correlation with turnover intention. 6. Turnover intention, information structure and opportunity structure accounted significantly for the empowerment structure and self-efficacy. 7. Self-efficacy and GE structure accounted significantly for the turnover intention.

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의복선택기준에 관한 측정지개발의 기초 연구(II) (A Study on Develop An Instrument to Measure the Criteria on Clothing Selection)

  • 박은주
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.33-45
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    • 1987
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the factorial structure of the criteria on clothing selection of the working women, and then to provide the date to develop an instrument to measure the criteria on clothing selection. A total of 877 samples were selected from unmarried female in the twenties. Data were analyzed using factor analysis, Pearson's product-mement correlation coefficients, content analysis and Cronbach's α. The results of the study were as follows; 1. There were identified 7 factors as the clothing selection criteria of the working women; Fashion, Practicality, Modesty, Appearance, Service, Comfort, and Impulse purchase. 2. Comparing with the previous results, we confirmed that the criteria on clothing selection was made up of at least 8 factors; Practicality, Comfort, Brand or price, Impulse purchase, Fashion, Individuality, Modesty, and Service. 3. According to the correlation among 8 factors, they formed two clusters; one cluster contained Practicality, Comfort, and Modesty factor, and the other did Brand or price, Impulse purchase, Fashion and Individuality factor. 4. Service factor was significantly correlated to the other factors, that is, service was the very important criteria on the clothing selection.

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중소병원 간호조직의 지적자본이 조직성과에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Intellectual Capital on Organizational Performance of Nurses in Medium and Small Hospitals)

  • 김원경;정향인
    • 간호행정학회지
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.452-459
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: This study was a descriptive study conducted to investigate the effects of intellectual capital on organizational performance of nurses in medium and small hospitals. Methods: Data were collected from 241 nurses working in medium and/or small hospitals located in G City from August 10 to September 17, 2011. The measurement tools were the Intellectual Capital scale and Organizational Performance scale. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical regression with SPSS WIN 18.0 PC. Results: Intellectual capital composed of human, customer, and structure capital had significant effects on organizational performance of nurses working in medium and small hospitals and explained 50.4% of the variance. Conclusion: In order to promote organizational performance of nurses, nursing managers and administrators need to invest more resources into the intellectual capital of the system including human, customer, and structure capital.

치과위생사가 지각하는 파워와 임파워먼트, 자기효능감과의 관계 연구 (A Study on the Relationship of Power and Empowerment, Self-Efficacy of Dental Hygienists)

  • 이선미
    • 한국치위생학회지
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.77-88
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of power and empowerment, self-efficacy of dental hygienists. Date were obtained from 203 dental hygienists who were working at dental clinics, hospitals located in Seoul. The results were analyzed with spsswin 12.0 and the conclusion is as follows: 1. The level of dental hygienists formal power was 3.19, informal power was 3.41, empowerment was 3.12, self-efficacy was 3.67. 2. Formal power showed significant a positive correlation with informal power and informal power showed significant a positive correlation with empowerment 3. According to the position, there were significant differences in formal power(pE0.05). 4. According to the working place, age, experienced-years, position, marriage and turnover experience there were significant differences in informal power(pE0.05). S. According to the working place, position, and marriage there were significant differences in empowerment(pE0.05). 6. According to the age, experienced-years, position, marriage and turnover experience there were significant differences in self-efficacy(pE0.05). 7. Informal power and information structure accounted significantly for the self-efficacy.

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산업재해에 영향을 주는 사회경제적 요인에 관한 연구 (An Analysis of Socio-economic Determinants Affecting Occupational Accidents)

  • 박선영
    • 대한안전경영과학회지
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.39-46
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    • 2022
  • This study has found the socio-economic factors that affect occupational accidents and measured the influence quantitatively. We built the panel data of 4 countries (Japan, Germany, the U.S., and the U.K.) and the analysis model counted on the fixed effect model to reflect the countries' differences. The fatal occupational injury rates in the analyzed countries had a statistically significant relationship with the level of per capita GDP, the proportion of the construction industry, the rate of male workers, annual average working hours, the rate of workers in manufacturing and construction industries, etc. The annual average working hours have a positive correlation with the fatal occupational injury rate. To reduce occupational accidents effectively, we should be monitoring and researching various factors that can affect the occurrence of occupational accidents such as worker characteristics, changing industrial structure, and changes in working hours.

Orthogonal Reception Characteristics for the DS/SS Signals with Time-shifted m-Sequences

  • Baek Kyung Hoon;Hyun Kwang Min;Yoon Dong Weon;Park Sang Kyu
    • 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전자공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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    • pp.658-662
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    • 2004
  • This paper proposes an orthogonal reception structure for OS/SS communication with time-shifted m-sequences, and compares the performances of the proposed and conventional receiver. This structure provides two important characteristics to reference user signal with not only increment of auto-correlation value but also cancel of the cross-correlation value out to zero between the reference user and other user signals. In addition, the structure can be easily implemented with the conventional receiver adding an additional integrator path in parallel and an adder that sums the conventional path output and the new path output signal. Hence, the proposed structure can be applied for channel impulse response measurement, and efficiently used for multi-user interference signal cancellation and channel capacity increment by flexible structural inter-working operation, connection or disconnection, of the new path to conventional receiver structure.

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전라북도 일부 지역 치과위생사의 직무만족도 조사 - 치과의료기관 운영제도를 중심으로 - (A research on the job satisfaction of dental hygienists an area in Jeollabuk-do - The focus of management system -)

  • 천혜원
    • 한국치위생학회지
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.329-343
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    • 2009
  • Purpose : This study was to figure out the factors affecting the job satisfaction of dental hygienists working in dental clinics. To gain the data to establish the systems for enhancing the job satisfaction of the dental hygienists. This research has been conducted dental hygienists working in dental clinics institutes located in Jeonju and Iksan city, Jeollabuk-do, korea. Methods : The collected data were analyzed by using an SPSS statistical program, obtaining the following results. Result : The average satisfactory level of the dental hygienists was 3.45 out of 5 points. The most important factor affecting of the job satisfaction was the relationship with patients as 3.83 points and the least influencing factor was the compensation as 3.09 points. The management system and the satisfactory level were also correlated. For each of details, communication structure and working environment showed the highest correlation with Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.610. Among the management system the general job satisfaction according to the communicational structure was higher when they had better communication with dentists. Among the management system, the job satisfaction according to structural factors was higher when they have manuals for the job, when their job is taken partial charge of the responsibility As for job satisfaction by the welfare support factor in the clinic management system, the better an informal social gathering, the higher general job satisfaction. As for job satisfaction by the job autonomy factor in the clinic management system, the more evenly distributed job opportunities and chances of reeducation for professional development led to higher general job satisfaction. Conclusion : The compensation-related grade was the lowest among the 6 constituent factors of the job satisfaction, it seems that improvement of wages and incentives is required to enhance the satisfaction of the dental hygienists. Also, improving factors affecting the management system of the dental service institute can increase the job satisfaction since the job satisfaction was higher when the institutes have the better management system.

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Local damage detection of a fan blade under ambient excitation by three-dimensional digital image correlation

  • Hu, Yujia;Sun, Xi;Zhu, Weidong;Li, Haolin
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • 제24권5호
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    • pp.597-606
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    • 2019
  • Damage detection based on dynamic characteristics of a structure is one of important roles in structural damage identification. It is difficult to detect local structural damage using traditional dynamic experimental methods due to a limited number of sensors used in an experiment. In this work, a non-contact test stand of fan blades is established, and a full-field noncontact test method, combined with three-dimensional digital image correlation, Bayesian operational modal analysis, and damage indices, is used to detect local damage of a fan blade under ambient excitation without use of baseline information before structural damage. The methodology is applied to detect invisible local damage on the fan blade. Such a method has a seemingly high potential as an alternative to detect local damage of blades with complex high-precision surfaces under extreme working conditions because it is a noncontact test method and can be used under ambient excitation without human participation.