• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.51-72
• /
• 2006

In Korea, most studies have used the conventional Wolfbein and Wool method, which cannot be applied to women's work-life table because of bimodality and/or M curve of female labor force participation. The increment/decrement work-life table method, however, is equally applicable to both men and women, but requires individual data on employment transition. This paper demonstrates that the Garfinkle-Pollard method is the same as the increment/decrement work-life table method developed by Hoem, Schoen and Woodrow and adopted by BLS. The merit of Garfinkle-Pollard method is to produce work-life table using labor force participation rate without individual employment transition. This paper applies the Garfinkle-Pollard methods to the estimation and projection of work-life of Korean labor force for the period of 2000-2050, using the abridged life tables provided by Korean National Statistical Office and a projection of labor force participation rates. The work-life expectancy at 65 is 5.8 years for men and 4.1 years for women in 2000, and it increased to 7.7 years for men and 5.1 years in 2050. However, differences in work-life expectancy are found depending on the data processing of elderly labor force participation and mortality assumption. Detailed data on elderly labor force participation and further study on future mortality are required to estimate and project more accurate work-life expectancy.

• Survey Research
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.65-88
• /
• 2011

This study analyzed the work and retirement behavior of middle- and old-aged Koreans using panel-data based multi-state life table models. Compared to previous studies that have mainly focused on gender differences in the work and retirement behavior, this study also analyzed educational differences in the retirement life course. With respect to the heterogeneity of work and retirement experiences, this study finds that the retirement life course of men and women differs substantially. Despite their longer life spans, women are expected to have shorter working life expectancies but live in a non-working state longer, resulting in a substantially higher proportion of non-working state in their lives. In terms of educational differences, this study finds that there is little difference in the expected length of stay in the labor force across educational levels but that poorly educated persons are more likely to spend a greater proportion of their lives in the labor force due to their shorter non-working life expectancies.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.404-412
• /
• 2020

Typically everyday human life tasks involve at least two people moving objects such as tables and beds, and the balancing of such object changes based on one person's action. However, many studies in previous work performed their tasks solely on robots without factoring human cooperation. Therefore, in this paper, we propose cooperative robot for table balancing using Q-learning that enables cooperative work between human and robot. The human's action is recognized in order to balance the table by the proposed robot whose camera takes the image of the table's state, and it performs the table-balancing action according to the recognized human action without high performance equipment. The classification of human action uses a deep learning technology, specifically AlexNet, and has an accuracy of 96.9% over 10-fold cross-validation. The experiment of Q-learning was carried out over 2,000 episodes with 200 trials. The overall results of the proposed Q-learning show that the Q function stably converged at this number of episodes. This stable convergence determined Q-learning policies for the robot actions. Video of the robotic cooperation with human over the table balancing task using the proposed Q-Learning can be found at http://ibot.knu.ac.kr/videocooperation.html.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.49-51
• /
• 1968

The Calorie allowances for a reference man (25 years, 60kg, moderate work) and a reference woman (25 years, 52kg, moderate work) were given by the formulae which were recommended by the Food and Agricultural Organization(FAO). E=152 W 0.73 3,000 Calories(man) E=123.4 W 0.73 2,200 Calories (woman) The appropriate adjustments were made for age, body weight (Table 1) and activity (Table 2) of adults other than a 'reference man' and 'reference woman' based on our report of 'Studies of Basal Metabolism and Energy Expenditure of Koreans in Daily Life' supported partly by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The recommendation of FAO for the calorie requirements for children, the additional allowances for pregnancy, lactation and environmental temperature were adopted.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.154-162
• /
• 2015

In this study, we have selected the coach related to woodworking and furniture of master craftsmen of the Republic of Korea, to confirm the process of until the background and coach of their growth. And through the world of their work after the coach has been, it was done and try to have an opportunity to explore the elements of future development. That is, by studying analyze the characteristics of their work through analysis and coach life Korea masters system, it is studied to try to implement a design identity. This study serves to provide a further sense of intimacy to try to allow an access to the public has the content below. Coach of the type and qualification requirements and coach and how elected through general discussion about the master craftsmen system of the Republic of Korea. Through the growing season and ripe stage of Korea woodworking coach No. 1 Yu Seok Geun coach, he is I will have later become the coach of up to current status and coach of his life. Analyzes the work of Yu Seok Geun coach to study, work of master craftsmen is to explore the direction of being able to approach close to the masses.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.263-286
• /
• 1995

This study was undertaken to investigate the current meal management situation and behaviors of the housewives in Seoul during the period January in 1933. The aim of this study was to improve meal managenment in 1980. This study has been performed by questionnaire about kitchen forms, cooking machines. foodstuffs buying forms, plan of the price in meal and meal management behaviors. 1. 85% of the housewives had stand-up fashioned kitchen forms, and they were equipped with variety of cooking machines and high possession percentage that. 2. 66.7% of the housewives spent the price of meal under plan, 3.1% of them purchased foodstuffs daily. 3. The time spent in preparing the table of breakfast and lunch was about 60 minutes and dinner was about 90 minutes. the time spent in clearing the table of breakfast and lunch was about 20 minutes and dinner was about 40 minutes. 4. The numbers of daily cooking rice was the higher percentage twice a day than once a day, but increased higher percentage once a day than 1980's. 5. In preparing kimchi most of housewives were making it in their homes and number of making kimchi once a 15day and a month was high percentage. 6. When they prepared meals they gave higher percentage to the tastes of families than nutrition. The number of preparing a side dish in breakfast and lunch was 3~4, and dinner was 5~6. 7. In most cases housewives cooked for themselves, and the number of husbands who help their wives for kitchen work was increased in group of younger housewives than older. 8. The environment of kitchen work is improved to many facility but not to be desired facility, and meal management behavior is changing gradually into more convenience but not to be changing into more scientific forms.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 1990

This is a study which attempt to analyze changing patierns of economic active popu-lation, t o estimato- future patterns, and exa- mine vartons problems arises by changing c ire u mst ances of t he labor force market in- clunging soici al, economic ic, heathl th and demoi-graph ic aspects. We have constructed series of wotking life table which are useful in syt uiolyioig the lirocess of growth and structural change of labor force. Work i ng life tables represent ihie life eyele of econrmic' activity in hi ypothetical cohorts, that is. gen-erat i on of men Sn bject at eat' b period ot f their lives th given ra to's o mor tali it y and of par-- tici pation in economic activities. The tabloes prot' ide measorues of the alvet'age he ng t able of economically aeti \- e life. and agespecific rates of en trannee' into and retirement from the hahn' force. In const routing working life tables, age-specific activity rates and life tabole popula- titoto which represents contemporary condi-tions of moortality in Korea au'e the basic' maltoerials. We have derived the age-specific rates foorm economically active population survey, whoich were conducted by the Bureau of Statistics, Economic Planning Borard of the Korean government. Working life tables are constructed for men wtable these materi- als in the year of 1970, 1980 and 1988 by a modified Wolfbein-Wool's method. Some of the findings may be summerized as follow : 1) A central part of constructing working life table is calculation of stationary' economic active population, which represents the number of men in the stationtary population extoected to be in the labor force at each age group in the life span. The stationary economic active population by age have generally a universal pattern, where they rise sharply in the early twenties, approach its' peak in the thirties decline thereafter. at first graolually and then more rapidly at an advanced age. Korean men show the same general pa ttern of age distribution of stationary eco-- nomic active population with sharp increase hegining from the age interval of 20 to 24, reaching to maximum level at older age. The population. however, presumably, increased substantially due to increaseing school atte endance rates. Another difference exiSts in the youngest age groups, that is the activity rate in the year of 1988 is lower than that of Japan. The table shows an analysis of changes in the age distrihution of labor force between 1970, 1980 and 1988. 2) It was shown an analysis of changes in the age distribution and cause of separation from labor force. The entrance rate to labor force has increased from 18~\5 persons to 299 persons per 1000 head of stationary population between that of 1980 than that of 1988 for Korean men in 20~24 age group. The entrace rate to labor force shows a rapid entrance appearance concentrated on the 15~24 age group. The separation rate from labor force by retirment in Korea in the year of 1988 shows a great difference of the about four times as much as that of Japan. 3) The functions of table illustrate the patterns of working life of males in Korea in 1970, 1980 and 1988. The average remaining number of economically active years, e at age 15 in 1988 is 46.39 which is 2.12 years of increase compared with that of at age 15 in 1970,1980 and 1988 are 43.90,44.27 and 46.39 respectively, showing steadily increase dur- ing the past double decade the increase in the length of economically active life various age may be considered to have come both from extention of general life expectancy and from increasing entrance rate to economic activity in high age that of working is far greater in 1988 than that of 1980. The gaps between expectation of life and average remaining years of economically active widened due to rapid improvement of mortality level in Ko- rea. This observation together with the population pressure by the appearance of a group of younger population implies that constant increase of economically inactive population among older age group.

• Advances in materials Research
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.189-202
• /
• 2020

The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of cutting parameters (Vc, fz and ap) on tool life and the level of vibrations velocity in the machined part during face milling operation of hardened AISI 52100 steel. Dry-face milling has been achieved in the annealed (28 HRc) and quenched (55 HRc) conditions using multi-layer coating micro-grain carbide inserts. Statistical analysis based on the Response surface methodology (RSM) and ANOVA analysis have been conducted through a plan of experiments methodology using a reduced Taguchi table (L9) in order to obtain engineering models for tool life and vibration velocity in the workpiece for both heat treatment conditions. The results show that the cutting speed has a dominant influence on tool life for both soft and hard part. Cutting speed and feed per tooth is the most significant parameters for vibration levels. Comparing the experimental values with those predicted by the developed engineering models of tool life and levels of vibrations velocity, a good correlation has been obtained (between 97% and 99%) in annealed and hard conditions.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.65-74
• /
• 2018

The primary objective of this study is to develop a conceptual design of automated pothole patching machine that improves the conventional work in safety, quality, and productivity. For this, the following research works are conducted sequentially; 1)literature review, 2)selection of element technology for conceptual design, 3)deduction of work process and conceptual design, 4)life cycle cost analysis of the conceptual design. As a result, X-Y table telescopic manipulator, pothole patching end effector, realtime pothole recognizer, 3D pothole volume profiler, automated pothole patching machine controller are selected as core technologies. Furthermore, a conceptual design and working process of an automated pothole patching machine are developed based on the core technologies. According to the life cycle cost analysis result, the cost of the automated method was 38.3% less than that of the conventional method, and the economic efficiency was also superior(ROR 77.1%, Break-even Point 23.8month). It is expected that the application range and impact on the construction industry will be enormous due to the increasing trend of road maintenance market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.416-427
• /
• 2010

In this study, we attempted to elucidate the cultural characteristics of Korean food based on a traditional understanding on the Korean novel. To achieve this, food characteristics related to 'rites of passage' were analyzed in the representative Korean literary work "Hon-bool", which describes the life of a first-son's wife every three generations in the going to ruin but historic 'Lee's family of Maean district' family and the life of the common 'Geomeong-gul' people who lived with farming on the Lee's land at Namwon of Junbook province in the 1930~1940s, during the Japanese Colonial rule. Every nation possesses rites of passage at important points in life, such as at birth, age of majority, wedding and death. Korean culture, in particular, has several memorial rites relating to birth, death and passage into the afterlife in which special foods are prepared. In this manner, ceremonial foods represent the Korean peoples' traditional vision of the universe and life. The book "Hon-bool" describes these traditions. Especially, the book describes the table-settings related to the main character's childbirth, first birthday, wedding and death. Therefore "Hon-bool" represents a living history of Korean traditional food and the work of storytelling through the traditional understanding is expected that perform an important role in making of cultural contents of Korean foods.