• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.46
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• pp.173-197
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• 2017

The present work aims to analyze the concept of space in $Jes{\acute{u}}s$ $Fern{\acute{a}}ndez$ Santos' work Los bravos. Throughout its pages, one can observe the multidimensional possibilities of space in literature. Throughout time, the concept of literary space has developed and it has been modified constantly in order to meet the needs required for the evolution of narratology. In the past, Aristotle stated that space is the place where characters and physical objects happen to exist. This remained almost unchanged until the Renaissance. In the $19^{th}$ century, space stopped being considered just a mere scene where the action takes place as it was given more importance by romantic authors in their works. Realism intensified the spaces as the interior of the house. In fact, the descriptions of space became more important. In this article, I focus on the various meanings of space in the novel Los bravos. First, I analyze the dichotomy between real and ideal spaces, and continue with the cathartic dimension of the fictional space. Then, I present and analyze the opposition between urban and rustic spaces in this novel, and, finally, I show the confrontation between the spaces of men and women. Through this analysis, we can observe that characters have a space where they feel more comfortable and how, occasionally, they leave their "usual space of action" to reach their "ideal place". Women want to stay in their kitchen to chat with each other, while men prefer to leave the house to visit a cafe with their colleagues. The door and the window divide the border of the worlds of men and women. However, that line is not only dividing the structure of the house, but it is also of a psychological house.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2014

The Earth is not perfectly spherical and its rotational axis is not fixed in space, and these geophysical and kinematic irregularities work as dominant perturbations in satellite orbit propagation. The International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) provides the Conventions as guidelines for using the Earth's model and the reference time and coordinate systems defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). These guidelines are directly applied to model orbital dynamics of Earth satellites. In the present work, the effects of the latest conventions released in 2010 on orbit propagation are investigated by comparison with cases of applying the previous guidelines, IERS Conventions (2003). All seven major updates are tested, i.e., for the models of the precession/nutation, the geopotential, the ocean tides, the ocean pole tides, the free core nutation, the polar motion, and the solar system ephemeris. The resultant position differences for one week of orbit propagation range from tens of meters for the geopotential model change from EGM96 to EGM2008 to a few mm for the precession/nutation model change from IAU2000 to IAU2006. The along-track differences vary secularly while the cross-track components show periodic variation. However, the radial-track position differences are very small compared with the other components in all cases. These phenomena reflect the variation of the ascending node and the argument of latitude. The reason is that the changed models tested in the current study can be regarded as small fluctuations of the geopotential model from the point of view of orbital dynamics. The ascending node and the argument of latitude are more sensitive to the geopotential than the other elements. This study contributes to understanding of the relation between the Earth's geophysical properties and orbital motion of satellites as well as satellite-based observations.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.69-77
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• 2011

This study considered the characteristic through the present state of domestic literature museum and grouping by type to help the understanding for domestic literature museum. And conducted a case study on Gyeongsang-do region literature museum to grasp the space form composition characteristic of literature museum. The result gained through these studies is as follows. First, grouping domestic literature museum by type, we can conduct the classification founded on location character, an exhibition writer, and the main body of erection and maintenance management. Second, the classification founded on location character of literature museum is able to be divided into the type of the house of writer's birth, a literary work, writing, and etc. Third, the classification founded on the number of exhibition writers can be divided into the type of independence, an individual pavilion, and integration. Fourthly, the classification founded on the main body of erection and management can be divided into the case in which a local self-governing body is wholly in charge of erection and management, a local government is in charge of erection but entrusts management to a corporate body, etc., a corporate body is in charge of erection and management, and a private person is in charge of erection and management. Fifthly, speaking of the characteristic by type of the Gyeongsang-do region literature museum, the classification founded on location has the type of the house of writer's birth the most, the classification founded on the number of exhibition writers has the type of independence the most, and the classification founded on the main body of erection and management has the most the type in which a local self-governing body is in charge of erection and management. Also, for the characteristic by space form, the case which expresses the character of Korean traditional architecture by form is many the most, and there are pieces of work to pursue shape beauty through the articulation of mass or molding manipulation and the change by space form through the proper combination of concreteness and abstraction as well.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2001

Korean peninsula has the most mountainous areas such as mountains and hilly country, and it is surrounded by the sea on all sides but one. In this respect, a large scaled construction works have frequently been conducted. However, it is not easy to porform a large scale blasting work without giving any harm to houses or facilities nationwide. Therefore, blasting work becomes more closely related to maintenance thing due to the development of the downtown or a large structure for key facilities. Many researches on blast in the open space and tunnel blasting have been conducted. On the contrary, research on underwater blasting operations is comparatively scanty even though much more necessity of marine development is required. In this respect, this study aims to investigate the characteristics of underwater blasting operations and to make a comparative study with blast in the open space. As a result of examining into the characteristics during underwater blasting operations, the around oscillation in case of underwater blasting operations shows significantly low compared to that in case of blast in the open space, and this means that much more cautious altitude must be taken in designing underwater blasting operations compared to the design of blast In the open space. As a result of analysis on the difference between a square root and a cube root In the equation of estimating oscillations in the actual site, it is shown that it is shown to apply a square root for the estimation of oscillation at 60 meters in case of underwater blasting operations and at 22 meters case of general blast in the open space.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.121-129
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• 2016

Ambulances are an important element of pre-hospital emergency medical services, and also an important space for improving the work efficiency of paramedics. Paramedics use the interior environment to maximize the capabilities of the space, but ambulances need to be improved to help with the responsibilities of paramedics. A Seamless space was constructed in accordance with the placement of first-aid emergency medical equipment and drugs, and a patient room was loaded in the interior space of an ambulance. This study was to improve the treatment space of an ambulance to improve the efficiency of work by paramedics The new design provides safety and efficiency for emergency medical services through planning of interior storage suitable for the duties of paramedics and through identification and analysis of the problems in the environment.

• Plant Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.66-72
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• 2008

In this inquiry, I would suggest jet ventilation system for effective elimination of welding flaw at machinery material welding shop on plant and evaluate the airstream on inner space and property of welding flaw's density through the examination. We can know outer atmosphere inflows at the speed of about 0.05m/s from western entrance in case of stopping the jet ventilation system, but airstream is accumulated on entire space. At height of worker's breathing surface(Ground Level = 1.5 m, below of GL) and welding work center, density of welding flaw on upper part(GL = 12m) is appeared 4 times higher than outer atmosphere at surplus range besides nearby of western entrance. At operation of jet ventilation system, since the smooth air current transfer at inner space and exhaust effect the wind speed is maintained at 0.932 m/s at the point of height of worker's breathing surface on inner space and it's concluded about the working conditions have been better than before operation of jet ventilation system because of that results show that inner space density of welding flaw at height of worker's breathing surface is 40.5%, and in the work shop, it is 20.3% at upper part.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.12 s.148
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• pp.1582-1594
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to rediscover the value of form in fashion design by developing a new perspective of design appreciation. By examining and modifying the theories of Wolfflin and Belong, this paper tries to of for a new perspective for analyzing the characteristics of form in fashion designers' works. The three new perspective, Flat & Rounded, Closed & Opened and Part & Whole, can be used to analyze the formative aesthetic character of Vionnet's and Dior's works. Ten of Vionnet's and eleven of Dior's representative works selected and applied Delong's visual priority diagram to analyze their character. Vionnet and Dior, emphasized form and construction in their design and applied geometric shapes in their works. The main differences between Vionnet and Dior is that Vionnet's work transforms from geometric shapes in 2-dimentional space to drapery shapes in 3-dimensional space, Dior's work displays geometric shapes in 3-dimensional space. Vionnet created new formative art through the relationship between the clothes and human body. Vionnet's work has distinctively different qualities depending on whether the space is 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional showing transposition of form. In 2-dimensional space, Vionnet's works consist of triangles, rectangles and circles which are 'flat' and 'closed' in quality. These transform to solid forms by draping bias fabrics, which have a 'rounded' and 'open' quality. Dior tended to show artificial form rather than the natural lines of the body which is very different with Vionnet. Dior created clothes by using solid geometric form such as spheres, prisms, cylinders, pyramids and cubes in 3-dimensional space, which were visualized through constructive technique such as dart manipulation, boning, gathering, tucking, pleating, shirring and layering. Dior's works have their own form which does not relate with body shape. So his Works have a 'rounded' and 'closed' quality.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2021

Objectives: 'Confined space' was only defined in the Safety and Health Regulations as a place where oxygen deficiency and hydrogen sulfide must be dealt with at the time of the initial enactment (1982). The danger of fire and explosion were added in 2003. We will compare and review the regulations related to confined space work under the current safety and health rules alongside regulations in other countries and prepare a plan to improve the system through enhanced clarity and execution. Methods: In a comparison of systems for the prevention of suffocation in confined spaces in major countries (Germany, United States, Japan) different concepts of the definition of confined spaces in different countries apparently due to differences in each country's legal implementation system, accident analysis methods, the status of safety and health implementation in workplaces, the precautions against actual confined space work, and the definition of confined spaces were found to be not much different between Korea and the other foreign countries. Results: In the case of Germany and the United States, a confined space is defined as a contextual concept rather than a place, so more careful attention is needed from operators or enclosed space managers as it is often necessary to judge the actual workplace. In the case of Korea and Japan, the interior of the place is mainly defined as a place, especially in the case of Japan, which concentrates on oxygen deficiency and hydrogen sulfide poisoning. Conclusions: For measures to improve regulations on the prevention of suffocation accidents in Korea, I would like to propose three major measures to improve the system in the rules on domestic industrial safety and health standards. It is necessary to prepare and provide a guide to ensure that the 18 types of confined spaces currently defined as confined spaces are clearly understood by field management supervisors or workers.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.58.2-58.2
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• 2015

We present a library of high spectral resolution (R ~ 40,000) and high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ~ 200) near-infrared spectra of ~50 late-type stars. The spectra of late-type stars were obtained with Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph (IGRINS) covering the full H and K band. The stars are mainly from MK standard stars which have well-defined spectral types and luminosity classes and cover wide ranges of effective temperatures and surface gravities. The spectra are corrected for telluric absorption lines and absolutely flux calibrated using the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) photometry. In this work, we present the preliminary results of spectroscopic diagnostics for stellar physical parameters. Our ultimate goal is to provide a library of near-infrared spectra of standard stars, which covers all spectral types and luminosity classes, with a high spectral resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.33.2-33.2
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• 2016

Since the serendipitous discovery of a large-scale atomic hydrogen ($H_I$) ring discovered in the Leo I galaxy group, its origin has been under debate till today, whether it is the leftover after group formation or stripped gas structure during the galaxy-galaxy interaction. Intriguingly a number of $H_I$ clumps have been identified along the gas ring, some of which turn out to be associated with optically catalogued dwarf galaxies. The formation history based on detailed optical and $H_I$ gas properties of those dwarf galaxies will enable us to verify the origin of the Leo ring. In this work, we first probe the redshift and multi-color properties of those dwarf galaxies, using deep photometric and spectroscopic data from CFHT, Gemini and Magellan telescope.