• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.60 no.1
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 2017

Objectives : The Korean Resource Based Relative Value Scale (K-RBRVS) was introduced in 2001 as an alternative of the previous medical fee schedule. Unfortunately, most neurosurgeons are unfamiliar with the details of the K-RBRVS and how it affects the reimbursement rates for the surgical procedures we perform. We summarize the K-RBRVS in brief, and discuss on how the relative value (RV) of the spinal neurosurgical procedures have changed since the introduction in 2001. Methods : We analyzed the change of spinal procedure RVs since 2001, and compared it with the change of values in the brain neurosurgical procedures. RVs of 88 neurospinal procedures on the list of K-RBRVS were analyzed, while 24 procedures added during annual revisions were excluded. Results : During the past 15 years, RVs for spinal procedures have increased 62.8%, which is not so different with the cumulative increase of consumer prices during this time period or the increase rate of 92.3% for brain surgeries. When comparing the change of RVs in more complex procedures between spinal and brain neurosurgery, the increase rate was 125.3% and 133%, respectively. Conclusion : More effort of the society of spinal surgeons seems to be needed to get adequate reimbursement, as there have been some discrimination compared to brain surgeons in the increase of RVs. And considering the relative underestimation of spinal neurosurgeons' labor, more objective measures of neurospinal surgeons' work and productivity should be developed for impartial reimbursement.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.143-178
• /
• 2012

This study analyzed the changes of welfare and labor market status of participants of Self-sufficiency Support Program in Korea thorough of analysis follow-up data which were collected about the experiences and changes of participants of the program in Gyeonggi province in 2005. As the results, many of participants exited from the program within five years, and hardly anyone depends on the welfare or the program, also there is very little the revolving door phenomenon. Whatever, the program have positive effects the changes of welfare and labor market status of them. Also, self-sufficiency communities, the small enterprises are started by more two participants and aim the economic independence of them and contribution to social economy have played important role for their persistent work and economic self-reliance. The people exited from the program, however, hardly succeed in exit from the welfare and their economic conditions still are not good. Therefore, we have to arrange the program for the participants' self-sufficiency, and we rather have to effort to secure their economic well-being than emphasize the immediately employment or establishment a business.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 1985

The main purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of the wall thickness, the ultrasonic frequency, and the acoustic impedance of wall material on the liquid-film thickness measurement by an ultrasonic pulse echo method. A series of liquid-film thickness measurements in a horizontal air-water stratified system was performed employing a plate-type and a tube-type test sections. Measurements were repeated changing (1) the wall thickness of the test section and (2) the transducer frequency. Also, in an effort to improve the accuracy of the measurement and to exam me the effect of acoustic impedance of wall material on the measurement by an ultrasonic technique, two different stand-off rods, one made of stainless steel and the other polyacrylate, were used in the liquid-film thickness measurement. These experimental results are discussed and compared with the actual film thicknesses.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2021

During the Joseon Dynasty, Jeju had a unique aspect that differentiated it from other regions in terms of their medical system, such as the exclusive deployment of shimyak dispatched to Gamyeong and Barracks units due to the uniqueness of being an island. This study uses various historical sources to verify that these differences existed throughout the medical system and procedures of Jeju in the late Joseon Dynasty. The following significant conclusions were drawn: 1) Looking at the work and characters of Jejushimyak reveals the inherent limitations of Jeju medical care in the Joseon Dynasty. Compared to other regions' shimyak, Jejushimyak had two limitations: it was difficult to engage in only medicine and the quality of medical doctors declined due to the avoidance of major medical doctors' households. 2) The establishment of public health care in Jeju through Medical Cadets failed. Jeju medical science obviously played an essential role in public health care in the early 18th century. However, there was no continuity in the garden, etc. Hyangri, who was in charge of Medical Cadets, was in charge of various fragrances as needed. Thus expertise in medicine was lacking. 3) The cultivated herbs of Jeju's herb field show the failure to supply herbs for institutional medicine. It was impossible to supply enough herbs to implement institutional medicine in Jeju. In that case, it would have been necessary to discover alternative local herbs or to bring them in from outside, but there was barely any such effort. In conclusion, in the late Joseon Dynasty, Jeju failed to establish a foundation for centrally administered institutional medicine. There was a lack of all the entities that provided medical care and herbs that could be used for medical care. The reason that Jeju continued to follow traditional shaman medicine in the late Joseon Dynasty was because there was no other alternative.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.9
• /
• pp.339-348
• /
• 2021

In recent software defect prediction research, defect prediction between cross projects and cross-version projects are actively studied. Cross-version defect prediction studies assume WP(Within-Project) so far. However, in the CV(Cross-Version) environment, the previous work does not consider the distribution difference between project versions is important. In this study, we propose an automated Bayesian optimization framework that considers distribution differences between different versions. Through this, it automatically selects whether to perform transfer learning according to the difference in distribution. This framework is a technique that optimizes the distribution difference between versions, transfer learning, and hyper-parameters of the classifier. We confirmed that the method of automatically selecting whether to perform transfer learning based on the distribution difference is effective through experiments. Moreover, we can see that using our optimization framework is effective in improving performance and, as a result, can reduce software inspection effort. This is expected to support practical quality assurance activities for new version projects in a cross-version project environment.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.46
• /
• pp.113-142
• /
• 2017

The goal of this paper is to analyze the vocabularies and cases related to Kimchi as a cultural history. For this purpose, we extract the vocabularies of Kimchi from the records of Korean Literary Collection in Classical Chinese, Annals of the Choson Dynasty, Records of Daily Reflection, and Diary of the Royal Secretariat. The existing literatures related to Kimchi are confined to some cookbooks, but in this study, we attempt to overcome the existing limitations and adopt a comprehensive and systematic approach. The classic literatures of the Choson Dynasty are mainly recorded in traditional Chinese characters; therefore, the readability is poor, and it is presupposed that a lot of time and effort will be needed for the translation work after securing the data. Therefore, we performed this research with a focus on this part. Next, we tried to reconstruct the archetype of Kimchi culture in the Choson Dynasty by classifying the above materials according to the subject and literature sources.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.194-199
• /
• 2019

Natural disasters destroy decades of human effort and investments, thereby placing new demands on society for reconstruction and rehabilitation. In most case, the natural phenomena triggering the disasters are beyond human control. In order to solve the problems that the information resources can not be shared among disaster management sectors and their work is hard to be coordinated in city, an idea of application of ubiquitous sense network and ICT technology to model the architecture of the disaster prevention system based on the analysis of characteristics of disasters. The proposed algorithm simulated that it is possible to locate the terminal by linking the direction angle and the estimated position that can be confirmed at the time of stopping, even if the movement direction of the terminal does not move in a certain direction with only a smaller number of mobile base stations. We also confirmed that the proposed algorithms analyzed through simulation are more efficient than existing algorithms.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.336-346
• /
• 2020

Mitochondrial genome is an important molecule for systematic and evolutionary studies in metazoans. The development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique has rapidly increased the number of mitogenome sequences. The process of generating mitochondrial genome based on NGS includes different steps, from DNA preparation, sequencing, assembly, and annotation. Despite the effort to improve sequencing, assembly, and annotation methods of mitogenome, the low quality and/or quantity sequence in the final map can still be generated through the work. Therefore, it is necessary to check and curate mitochondrial genome sequence after annotation for proofreading and feedback. In this study, we introduce the pipeline for sequencing and curation for mitogenome based on NGS. For this purpose, two mitogenome sequences of Dermatobranchus otome were sequenced by Illumina Miseq system with different amount of raw read data. Generated reads were targeted for assembly and annotation with commonly used programs. As abnormal repeat regions present in the mitogenomes after annotation, primers covering these regions were designed and conventional PCR followed by Sanger sequencing were performed to curate the mitogenome sequences. The obtained sequences were used to replace the abnormal region. Following the replacement, each mitochondrial genome was compared with the other as well as the sequences of close species available on the Genbank for confirmation. After curation, two mitogenomes of D. otome showed a typically circular molecule with 14,559 bp in size and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes. The phylogenetic tree revealed a close relationship between D. otome and Tritonia diomea. The finding of this study indicated the importance of caution and curation for the generation of mitogenome from NGS.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.208-214
• /
• 2021

It is necessary to consider the suicide problem of the senior citizens according to their occupation rather than simply dividing seniors according to whether they live in rural or urban areas to seek countermeasures against suicide. This study examines factors that influence the suicidal intentions of senior citizens engaged in the agriculture, forestry, and fishing industries using the ranking probit model. As a result, the suicidal intention of senior citizens working in the agriculture, forestry, and fishery industries who felt lonely increased by 3.0%, but the intention to commit suicide decreased by 1.1%, when they value their work, and the intent to commit suicide decreased by 2.7% when they feel a strong sense of belonging to their region. The more family members or relatives they meet every day, the suicide intentions of senior citizens in the agricultural, forestry, and fishing industries decreased by 2.5%. However, since the number of families living together is decreasing every year, there is an inevitable limit on face-to-face contact with family members or relatives. Therefore, it is necessary to establish policy that links the loneliness of senior citizens in the agricultural, forestry, and fishing industries with the effort of public institutions to promote social values.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.101-112
• /
• 2020

This study focuses on the construction of Gyeongbokgung Palace in the second year of King Gojong's reign, which has been spotlighted for political and economic history. The author analyzed the contents of wood procurement with the Yeonggeon Diary, which records each day of construction site. The results are as follows: First, the 2nd year of King Gojong's reign, Yeonggeon of Gyeongbokgung Palace, was a new building that reflected the old system and 270 years of changed environment on the existing site. Despite the poor economic conditions, it began with years of effort and voluntary volunteer work and dedication. Second, the priority of timber transport was recruiting people in the whole process and the supply and demand of transportation tools. Carrying lumber from the mountains to the riverside and floating it at the right time were all a matter of manpower. Soldiers and carts were used to carry timber that arrived in Hangang River to the construction site. The cart was a consumable product, so it was necessary to continuously use the wood to make cart at the site. Third, fire and flood were the biggest obstacles to the Yeonggeon schedule of Gyeongbokgung Palace. Especially the fire was fatal. It was difficult to extinguish the fire in temporary structure, where was the storage for wood to construct. These disasters greatly affected the construction cost and construction period. Wood procurements of Gyeongbokgung Palace were based on public offerings. At the same time, recycled materials from other palace wood and nearby houses, nationwide buying of private mountain wood, the logging of royal tombs and some of the buildings of Gyeonghui Palace and Changgyeong Palace were relocated.