• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.42-43
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• 2014

Few studies on crew productivity has been conducted, although the data is significant for time and cost estimation. Crew productivity data was collected for over 9 months from a nuclear power plant and analysed in order to identify factors driving the productivity. It was revealed that the crew productivity of form work, rebar work and concrete pouring work was 45.64(㎡/crew·day), 2.93(t/crew·day), 110.25(㎡/crew·day) on average respectively. Moreover, 'nightwork', 'No. of workers per crew' and 'total work amount' were identified as drivers.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.359-366
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• 2013

Although many research efforts have been conducted to address the effect of crew members' work skills (e.g., technical and planning skills) on work performance (e.g., work duration and quality) in construction projects, the relationship between skill and performance has generated a great deal of controversy in the field of management (Inkpen and Crossan 1995). This controversy can lead to under- or over-estimations of the overall project schedule, and can make it difficult for project managers to implement appropriate managerial policies for enhancing project performance. To address this issue, the following aspects need to be considered: (a) work performances are determined not only by individual-level work skill but also by the group-level work skill affected by work team members, each member's role, and any working behavior pattern; (b) work planning has significant effects on to what extent work skill enhances performance; and (c) different types of activities in construction require different types of work, skill, and team composition. This research, therefore, develops a system dynamics (SD) model to analyze the effects of both individual-and group-level (i.e., multi-level) skill on performances by utilizing the advantages of SD in capturing a feedback process and state changes, especially in human factors (e.g., attitude, ability, and behavior). The model incorporates: (a) a multi-level skill evolution and relevant behavior development mechanism within a work group; (b) the interaction among work planning, a crew's skill-learning, skill manifestation, and performances; and (c) the different work characteristics of each activity. This model can be utilized to implement appropriate work planning (e.g., work scope and work schedule) and crew management policies (e.g., work team composition and decision of each worker's role) with an awareness of crew's skill and work performance. Understanding the different characteristics of each activity can also support project managers in applying strategic work planning and crew management for a corresponding activity, which may enhance each activity's performance, as well as the overall project performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.285-286
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• 2012

In the large scale projects, it is difficult to manage every blocks because of the apartment housing project have repetitive shapes and structures. Therefore, it is necessary to divide construction site into work zones and blocks considering site plan, the number of units per each floor, arrangement of blocks, etc. In this study, 20 influencing factors on the grouping of work zones and formwork crew team formation are identified through case study and literature review. Factors are analyzed to determine the degree of influence through experts interviews. A systematic process of crew formation based on work zoning and the considerations by each steps are presented.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.76-85
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• 2022

Work situational awareness test (WSAT) has been utilized to estimate the fatigue risk of workers who worked with time pressure or latent accident risks at their work environment. Thus researchers decided to use WSAT to estimate fatigue risk of cabin crews of an airline in Korea and to analyze empirically how such risk might have an effect on cabin crew's safety behavior. This was because there had not been enough research on accessing cabin crews' fatigue and analyzing its risk for the flight safety. In addition, the mediation effect of cabin crew's planning was also analyzed through Sobel-test by researchers among external factors such as lack of concentration, attention deficit, distraction and safety behavior. According to empirical analysis, it was found attention deficit and distraction of cabin crews due to fatigue during the flight had a significant negative effect on their planning. Planning was also proven to have mediation effect to cabin crew's safety behavior.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.39-77
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• 2019

Crew members engaged in international air transportation provide work in many countries due to the nature of their work. According to the Private International Act, the place where the employee habitually carries out his/her work plays an important role in the determination of the governing law of the international labor contract (Article 28, Paragraph 2) and in the decision of international jurisdiction (Article 28, Paragraphs 3 and 4). The concept of the place where the employee habitually carries out his/her work was proposed by the EU to determine international jurisdiction and governing law. In international aviation law, the legislative purpose of the place where the employee habitually carries out his/her work is different from that of home base, which is a concept introduced for fatigue management of the crew in order to secure the aviation safety; thus the place where the employee habitually carries out his/her work and home base are not the same concept. In order to determine the place where the employee habitually carries out his/her work, following matters should be considered comprehensively; (i) where the crew starts and ends work, (ii) where the aircraft the crew is performing work on is primarily parked, (iii) where the crew is informed of the instructions and organizes his/her work activities, (iv) where the crew is obliged to reside according to the labor contract, (v) where there is an office provided by the employer and available to the crew, (vi) where the crew is obliged to be when he/she is ineligible for the work or subject to discipline. However, since all of the above items are the same as the location of the home base, it is reasonable to consider the home base as the most important factor when deciding on the place where the employee habitually carries out his/her work. In contrast, the state where the aircraft is registered (Article 17 of the Chicago Convention), should not be regarded as a place of where the employee habitually carries out his/her work. In this case, CJEU provided the first judging standard for the concept of the place where the employee engaged in international air transportation habitually carries out his/her work. It is the interpretation of the Brussels regulations which became a model -for the Korean Private International Act,- so it would be helpful to understand the concept of the place where the employee habitually carries out his/her work.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.579-587
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study is to measure the workload of Korea coastal ship crew members, to investigate whether they are following work-break time regulations and to identify the main causes of their workload. Background: According to the US Coast Guard, about 33% of human casualties are reported to be due to fatigue, and 30% of marine casualties reported by the British Marine Accident Investigation Agency (MAIB) are attributed to crew fatigue. But the coastal ship are not managed for business hours and breaks despite the harsh environment. Method: The workload of duty crew members on the 100 domestic coastal vessels was measured. It was also investigated whether they are following domestic and international work-break time regulations. Finally, the marine accidents resulted from the fatigue of the crew was analyzed. Results: As a result of workload analysis, the workload on the 42~62% of the vessels exceeded the standard of working time on the related regulation. The workload increased with the number of inbound and outbound ports. Especially, in the system where there are two seafarers, the workload exceeded the working time requirement. As a result of the marine accidents analysis on 100 vessels, it was found that collision and grounding occurred due to fatigue, workload and drowsiness in 7 marine accidents out of 30 marine accidents. Conclusion: It is necessary for the shipping companies to introduce an operation management manual for the management of the crews' workload and reasonable crew arrangement. It is also required for crew members to easily record work times and for shipping companies to manage the record. It would be possible to prevent many marine accidents by providing adequate rest to the crews and flexibly adjusting their working hours. Application: The results of this study can be used as fundamental data to manage crews' fatigue and to make job management manuals.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.811-821
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• 2017

This paper intends to propose the direction for improving the welfare space in crew accommodation of fishing vessels engaged in coastal and inshore fishery business in order to solve the phenomenon which young fishers trend to avoid working on fishing vessels. Coastal and inshore fisheries are defined as permitted fisheries business under the Fisheries Act and classified into coastal fisheries and inshore fisheries based on a gross tonnage of 10 tons. Fisheries Act also stipulates the upper limit tonnage regulation and the restrictions on bottoms of fishing vessels permitted for coastal and inshore fisheries to protect fishery resources and to prevent overfishing. It is difficult to increase the welfare space in crew accommodation of fishers under such restrictions because the welfare space in crew accommodation could be secured by reducing the space for the strength of fishing. Therefore, this paper compares the revision trend of the international convention(The Work in Fishing Convention, 2007) and domestic laws on welfare space in crew accommodation of fishing vessels engaged in coastal and inshore fishery business to find out the problems and improvement points in securing the welfare space in crew accommodation of fishing vessels. As a result, it is proposed to revise the Enforcement Ordinance of the Fisheries Act so as to secure the welfare space in crew accommodation of coastal and inshore fishing vessels within the scope of maintaining the maximum allowable tonnage limit regulation by adding an exemption provisions of the restrictions on bottoms of fishing vessels in which case the gross tonnage is increased for securing the spaces for crew accommodation and sanitary facilities of fishers without increasing net tonnage where the bottoms of fishing vessels is increased by renovating or replacing the fishing vessels bigger than the bottoms of fishing vessels permitted within the scope of maintaining the maximum allowable tonnage limit regulation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.133-141
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• 2019

Crew rostering in railway operations is usually done by arranging a crew diagram in accordance with working standards every month. This study was done to identify the problems related to the creation of crew rosters in railway operations and to suggest an optimum crew rostering method that can be applied in railway operations planning. To do this, the work standards of a railway company were identified, and a genetic algorithm was used to develop an optimal roster with equal working time while considering actual working patterns. The optimization process is composed of analysis of the input data, creation of work patterns, creation of a solution, and optimization steps. To verify the method, the roster derived from the proposed process was compared with a manually created roster. The results of the study could be used to reduce the deviation of business hours when generating a roster because the standard deviation of working time is the objective function.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1651-1661
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to draw up a plan for improving working conditions of distant water fishing vessel crew in order to revitalize the declining distant water fishing industry. Land-based employment has increased as the result of industrialization, which in turn created shortage in marine crew supply for distant water fishing vessels. Pressure on increasing wages for sea farers is put on the industry for this reason, making the labour market in the distant water fishing industry tougher and tighter. Multiple issues have yet to be addressed for distant water fishing vessel crew. They suffer from excessive work compared to other industries. Crew management is another issue, as sea farers face poor labour conditions, working on board vessels in a collective way where no autonomous actions are allowed. Other issues include unqualified crew supply, increasing ratio of labour costs for crew to sales, and intensified implications of labour unions, which are as well making crew supply difficult as a whole. To this end, more well-qualified workers should take part in production operations in the distant water fishery. Both wage increase and working condition improvement should be achieved in order to strengthen motivation towards qualified sea farers. Sustainable crew supply can be achieved when working environments, gender-based working conditions, welfare are prioritized and improved as a whole.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.121-128
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• 2010

This study aims to make improvements to the standard estimation process used to estimate reasonable costs for construction work, and to suggest a work crew based estimation using a new cost estimation model. In addition, work crew shift combination and construction process were systematically organized in order to improve the estimation technique and the construction capability of the cement liquid waterproofing work for apartment buildings. In addition, in terms of manpower and productivity, analyses were performed on the cement liquid waterproofing work for apartment buildings with net areas between $84-85m^2$ and $125-184m^2$, and the results were then compared with those calculated using the conventional work-crew based estimation method. Through this study, when the results of this study and those calculated by the conventional method were compared, for apartments with the net area of $84-85m^2$, the differences between specialists were shown to be 1.91 times to 2.13 times on average, while they were 8.82 times to 9.52 times between normal workers on average. For apartments with the net area of $125-184m^2$, the differences betweenspecialists were shownto be 1.89 times to 2.07 times on average, and 8.57 times to 9.38 times on average between normal workers.