• 건축역사연구
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2023

The Wolseong Wooden moat is a unique example. Which is a vertical wall made of wood. It shows a changing point how to make the wall by digging a hole and stacking stones vertically. This study tried to to make a assumption about the construction process of the wooden structure found in the Wolseong pit moat. I sorted out wooden elements and then analyzing these features and compared with the results of the excavation. After I made 3D modelling in the order to it was made. This moat is not only a function of digging up the ground to trap water, but also a technique of building structures to maintain walls. It is a valuable material that can show the woodworking engineering techniques of the Silla Dynasty.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.221-233
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• 2020

Based on past experiences of natural disasters and fires in Japan, it is stipulated by law that fire-resistant buildings larger than a certain size should be unique in the world. Recent interest in global environmental issues has led to the active introduction of wooden buildings also in Japan, and it is expected that wooden buildings will become larger and higher in size. This paper introduces the background of the development of fire-resistant laminated timber with a "Self-Charring-Stop layer", the contents of this development including other related developments, and the application of these technologies. In addition, towards the realization of much larger and higher buildings in the future, the current problems and issues to be solved are set and the necessity of the future technological development is described. Finally, a conceptual model of wooden high-rise building is proposed, which will be able to be constructed in 2025 by the further technological development.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.3-14
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• 1993

This study was carried out to identify the species of wooden coffins excavated from ancient kings' tombs of Nakrang and Pro-Three-Kingdoms to the beginning period of the Three Kingdoms, and the private tombs of the middle stage at the Yi dynasty. The species of wooden coffins were identified as three softwoods(Thxus cuspidata, Sciodopitys verticillata, Pinus densiflora) and six hardswoods(Quercus acutissima, Quercus serrata, Zelkova serrata, Platycarya strobilarea, Alnus japonica and Morns spp.). Thxus cuspidata, wooden coffins of Nakrang kings' tombs, is distributed through Korea. However in previous examination it was known as Cunninghania lanceolata, native species in south China. Sciodopitys verticillata used as a wooden coffin of King Muryung's tomb was native to Japan. It was a material evidence proving the cultural exchange between Paekche Kingdoms and Japan in those days. Pinus densiflora was the species of wooden coffins excavated from private tombs in Yi dynasty, which was not found out from Pro-Three-Kingdoms and Three-Kingdoms. Quercus accutissima was used for making a trough shape wooden coffins at Daho-ri ancient tombs and Quercus serrata was used a outer wooden coffin of Nakrang kings' tombs. An adamant iron mongery might be used to manufacturing a trough shape wooden coffin. This indicates that a developed iron-manufacturing technics existed in Korea at that time. Zelkova serrata was used for making wooden coffins of Imdang and Kaya ancient tombs, Chunma and Hwangnam king tombs. Platycarya strobizacea was used for making wooden coffin of Daegok-ri, Alnus japonica for Daho-ri coffins and Morus spp. for Imdang coffins.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.115-129
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• 2011

The bracket sets which are supporting the weight of the roof, has to meet both requirements which are structural functions and act as an ornamental element. Therefore the bracket sets differ in many types from time and space and has done an important role in the history of architecture with many studies being presented. The first form of the bracket set has been found in the bronze table relics in zhong shan wang ling (中山王陵). Through the Eastern Han dynasty (A.D. 25-220) it became more specific in the shique (石闕) and huaxiangshi (畵像石) in the Han dynasty (206 B.C.-A.D. 220). Afterwards, as Buddhism was introduced to China, the bracket construction techniques shown in the Mogao Caves, Yungang Grottoes, and Longmen Grottoes has given much help for understanding the building techniques of wooden architecture. Especially the Xia-ang structure seen in the Mogao caves shows a vast development in wooden structure and a typical building would be the main hall of Fo Guang Shan monastery in Mt. Wutaishan from the Tang dynasty (A.D. 618-907). This accumulated techniques is inscribed in the 'Ying Zao Fa Shi (營造法式)' wooden structure designs which was published during the Northern Song dynasty (A.D. 960-1127) and many buildings were constructed following this technique after the publication. During this period, it is assumed that Baek-jae (B.C.18-A.D.660) in the Korean peninsula also used the Xia-ang technique, but there havn't been many studies on this field. In this thesis it is introducing the development of the building techniques and structural features of the Xia-ang wooden architecture during the Tang and Song dynasty.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권13호
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• pp.9-13
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• 1992

An Woljung wooden bridge structure, which assumde to has been built in the unification of shilla dynasty, was excavated at Nam-chun river basin inKyung-ju. As a result of primary investigation, the weigh loss was 70-80% and the volumetric shrinkage was up to 38% without any conservation. Between 1986 and1991, they were conserved by the two step PEG treatment at the Mokpo Conservation Institute for Maritime Archaeological Finds.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.358-373
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• 2009

Probability based design(PBD)method has some advantages against current design methods. First, it can provide the quantitative values for the structural safety or capacity through the reliability index, $^{\beta}$. That presented the certainty on the corresponding structure for the designer or user, also that permitted the broad consideration in the safety of structures. In addition, it can give the quantitative lifetime of the related structure in the calculation process of target reliability index. Also, incidental economical efficiency can be expected because decrease of required structural material can be obtained by using the practical material data. Unlikely current deterministic structural design methods, main advantage is the reflection of real condition in the structural design process by application of the data with not small clear specimen but structural size material. Advanced countries, namely America, Canada, Europe, Australia and New Zealand already converted from allowable stress design(ASD) method to PBD method and used as a standard wooden structures code in the late 1980s and 1990s. Other domestic constructions standards such as the steel or concrete constructions accepted and used the PBD methods already. Accordingly, wooden structural design method also should be converted from deterministic ASD to probabilistic LRFD(Load and resistance factor design) in order to keep pace with worldwide demands for PBD. Hence, to suggest the reason of introduction the PBD in domestic wooden structural design and analysis, a brief example was used to show the different reliability index by using the different design methods. Definition, merits and demerits of deterministic ASD and probabilistic LRFD were followed. Also the three examples were presented to show the similarity and differences between ASD and LRFD. Finally, connection problems that might cause a disputation in wooden structural design and analysis were broadly examined.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.88-105
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• 1992

This dissertation aims to investigate the structure of Palsangjeon, a five story wooden pagoda in Pubjoo Temple which is the only wooden pagoda existing in Korea, by a comparative study of the Palsangjeon with Japanese counterparts. By doing so, the writer of the present investigation attempts to find out its structural originality. The main finding of this study are as follows. The upper part of Palsangjeon is constructed with square log frameworks called GuiTl and Sacheon-Ju around the central column. The four walls along Sacheon-Ju from the 1st level to the 3rd well resists the outside horizontal piressure. And Gui-Tl structure on the 5th level copes much better with shear force. So this frame consisting of Sacheon-Ju and log frameworks might be viewed an semi-core system, This core is supported once again by the frame of Go-Ju. That is to say. Go-Ju supports frame of Sacheon-Ju. And the frame of Pyeong-Ju on the 4th and the 5th levels also supports it. The frame of Go-Ju is supported by the frame of Pyeong-Ju on the 1st and the 2nd levels. So this structure is designed to resist the wind and also keep the balance by properly distributing vertical pressure. The plan and the elevational structure of Palsangjeon keep the balance by the perfect symmetric structure. And the frame of Sacheon-Ju forming semi-core system can resist both the lateral load and the vertical pressure for the balance of its structure. The five story pagoda in Horyuji used to stand on a central which is desigend to support the main body of the pagoda from the first level. The principles of balance is used between the Ha-Aag and short to react the rafter. Sacheon-Ju and edge column is against the lateral load. The structural jointing system is stable thanks to the log framewroks formed on every level. The five story pagoda in Horyuji poseses the structual system originated from the ancient wooden pagoda. The pagoda is found to express simple, sincere and straight forward form. On the other hand, it could be seen as a stucture resisting the earthquake and the lateral load, Palsangjeon is an excellent building which religions function is well harmonized with its structure and appearance. It not only functions extremely well as a regions place like other pagodas, but also excellently shows how multi-story wooden building should be structured.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to search the architectural forms including the residence plan and wooden structure and the measuring unit in building sites named Bang in Gyeong_Ju, the capiatal of Silla dynasty. It includes the following three historic sites: JaMaeJung-ji, the east district of HwangLyong-sa (S1E1) and InWang-dong historic site. Especially, the data from excavating and studying the east district of HwangLyong-sa were very precious and meaningful. The results were as follows: 1) There are individual characteristics at the sites of JaMaeJung-ji, the east district of HwangLyong-sa and InWang-dong. 2) It is assumed that the builldings of the east district of HwangLyong-sa had most various types of plan and various types of wooden structures. 3) There were various types of wooden structures like as symmetrical or asymmetrical style, regular columnar or irregular columnar style and a third purlin location or a forth purlin location. 4) This study also showed there's a high probability that buildings at Bang sites had been built by the Tang dynaty scale. In Silla dynasty, there was similar tendency to BackJe Dynasty in the way that measuring unit changed according to the times.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.71-86
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• 2002

This research aims to illustrate the structure of the ancient Korean wooden buildings by a comparative study of the historical resources such as stone remains, wall paintings historiographies and excavations. As stone pagodas are the most typical stone remains, I selected for analysis some stone pagodas which contain architectural elements and results of the study are as follows: 1) The number of stories and structural modes of the base stone part show the wooden architectural aspects: they have one or two stories and their base part is constructed in the mode of assembling rectangular stones. 2) The body of the pagoda contains such architectural elements as pillars, door and windows, crossbeams, balcony, bracket sets. 3) The roof of the stone pagoda contains such architectural elements as eaves, roofs and modes of stone assembling. The results inferred through this research could be of help for further comparative studies with the other secondary materials by providing basic knowledge for it.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.338-347
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• 2010

Heunginjimun designated as a Treasure No.1 is a two-story wooden structure with 5 bay and 2 bay in its front and side views, respectively. This paper presents an investigation on vibration characteristics of Heunginjimun through both ambient vibration and impact hammer tests. Ambient vibration test was performed to identify the natural frequency of Heunginjimun from the spectrum analysis of time history. Impact hammer test was undertaken to find the frequency of Heunginjimun which is affected by the surrounding traffics and to verify the reciprocal principle for the wooden structural system. Ambient vibration test results of Heunginjimun showed that the natural frequencies in two principal axes 1.5 Hz and 1.1 Hz, respectively. It was confirmed from impact hammer tests for a ground that the frequency of 4.2 Hz is caused by the traffics surrounding Heunginjimun. It was also observed that from the impact hammer test results between two locations in Heunginjimun that the transfer functions measured from two corresponding locations coincided well with each other. This result shows that the wooden structural system is globally linear, and the reciprocal principle is established.