• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.359-368
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the wood species of the stern plank and persimmon seed from Daebudo shipwreck No.2 excavated from Daebudo, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, and Gyeonggi-do by wiggle-matching of radiocarbon measurements. Results of the analysis showed that all the wooden boards of the hull were made from Pinus Hard Pine Group. The other parts of hull and wooden pegs were made from Pinus Hard Pine Group, Castanea spp., Quercus spp. sect. Lepidobalanus, Alnus spp., and Zelkova serrata Makino. Excavated wide-tooth wooden comb and fine-tooth bamboo comb were made from Acer spp. and Bambusoideae. Excavated rope was made from Pueraria thunbergiana Benth. The stern plank, wooden support, and persimmon stone showed ${\pm}2{\sigma}$ radiocarbon date(95.4% confidence interval) of AD 1151-1224. This indicated that the Daebudo shipwreck No.2 occurred during the early or middle 12-13th century. Our radiocarbon dating results confirmed the date speculated by archeologists based on the ceramic style.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1 s.129
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• pp.87-96
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• 2005

This study was carried out to evaluate the shear bond strength and adhesive bond durability of structural glued laminated timber (glulam) manufactured with mixed species lumber of Korean red pine, Korean pine and Japanese larch, using resorcinol adhesive and water-based polymeric-isocyanate adhesive (WPI). Each board used as a glulam lamina was graded by visual inspection. The visual lumber grade of the all species was very low due to the large size and number of knots and the steep slope of grain. In view of the results, appropriate pruning, sawing and drying processes might be needed to produce high grade lamina lumber with small knot size and drying defect free. Shear bond strength of every tested glulam specimen ranged between 7.9 and $9.9N/mm^2$, and much higher than the Korean Standard (KS) for glulam shear bond strength, $7.1N/mm^2$. There was not much shear bond strength difference between wood/resorcinol and wood/WPI. The resorcinol adhesive bond durability exceeded KS requirements. However, delamination on the end-grain surfaces of WPI glulam submerged in both room temperature and boiling water severely occurred, and its durability did not meet KS requirements. Further investigations may be required, and special care should be taken, to ensure long service life of WPI glulam used for exterior application. Results of this study are expected to be useful for improvement of mechanical properties and structural performance of mixed species glulam.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.427-434
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• 2017

The generation of construction waste can be divided into a decommissioning phase and a new construction phase, and most of the waste is generated at the decommissioning stage. However, recently, domestic new construction construction has expanded to 150 trillion yards per year, so construction work is increasing rapidly. Especially, as the size of the construction work with much waste of construction waste exceeds 100 trillion, the management of the amount of construction waste in the new construction site is required. Unlike the dismantling work site, the new construction site can separate waste generated by each property, and relatively low foreign matter content is generated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the amount of construction waste generated by new construction sites and to calculate the unit amount of construction waste based on this. In addition, since the existing unit cost is centered on concrete and mixed waste, we set the basic unit by setting synthetic resin, waste wood, and waste board as additional items. The basic unit survey was carried out to investigate the wastes according to the characteristics of each construction period. As a result of the survey, the new construction site showed that most wastes were discharged in the first 30% and after 70% of the process, and the ratio of mixed construction waste was as high as 45%. As a result of this study, it was found that about twice as much waste was produced as compared with the conventional standard product.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.2
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• pp.252-257
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• 1988

This study was carried out to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of sawdust boards combined with sycamore and polypropylene-net flakes. Both the sycamore and polypropylene-net flakes were adjusted to the sizes of $1.0{\times}1.0$, $1.0{\times}2.0$, and $1.5{\times}1.5cm^2$ and these flakes were mixed at 1, 2, 3, and 4% levels based on ovendry weights of sawdusts, respectively. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows : 1. Thickness swellings of sawdust boards combined with sycamore flakes decreased with the increase of mixture levels and similar effects were also recognized in combination with polypropylene-net flakes. 2. Moduli of rupture both in sawdust boards combined with sycamore and polypropylene-net flakes increased with the increase of their mixture levels, and sawdust boards combined with sycamore flakes of $1.0{\times}2.0cm^2$ size and polypropylene-net flakes of $1.5{\times}1.5cm^2$ size showed higher moduli of rupture than control boards. 3. Moduli of elasticity both in sawdust hoards combined with sycamore and polypropylene-net flakes increased with the increase of their mixture levels as in moduli of rupture. 4. The physical and mechanical properties of sawdust boards combined with sycamore and polypropylene-net flakes were mainly dependent on aspect ratio of sycamore flakes and size of polypropylene-net flakes respectively, and these properties were improved with the respective increase of aspect ratio and size.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the design ＆ construction methods of the traditional landscape space of the past and the repair and maintenance of cultural heritages to maintain it today. To this end, the method of narrative description, process extraction and construction related to traditional landscaping were compared to each other based on the 『Imwongyeongjeji』 「Seomyongji」 and 'Standard Specification for Repairing Cultural Heritages'. The results are as follows; First, to analyze at the description methods of the 『Imwongyeongjeji』 「Seomyongji」 and 'Standard Specification for Repairing Cultural Heritages' and related processes in the field of traditional landscaping. 『Imwongyeongjeji』 「Seomyongji」 was an encyclopedia of the overall construction method of the living space, describing the location, effect, and advantages and disadvantages of each component and presenting quantitative figures to institutionalize the construction of traditional landscaping spaces. 'Standard Specification for Repairing Cultural Heritages' presented the entire process of repairing cultural heritages, and it is becoming a kind of guide for reference at the site. Among them, foundation construction, roof construction, landscape construction, and fence construction were drawn as items that could be applied to traditional landscaping areas. Second, the traditional landscape space construction method was divided into the processes of foundation construction, roof construction, landscaping construction, and fence construction. Foundation construction is a way of repeating the process of land-tramping. During the construction of the roof, the tile-roofed building was built on top of the rafters and roofed with tiles. And thatched roof was made to a number of rice straws bundles to cover the roof one after the other. Instead of tiles, the stone roof was made of thin and wide stones, and the wooden boards were used for the single roof and the bark roof were constructed with many layers of dried corrugations. Landscape construction mainly consists of the Paving technique through tramping rubble and the construction of terraced flower by planting stone, plants, and shrubs on the top. According to the building materials, the wall construction was derived from the earth-stacked earthen wall, stone walls using stone and clay, marble walls made of tile patterns, and the construction of a board wall using a wood board as a wall. Third, comparing the construction methods of the 『Imwongyeongjeji』 「Seomyongji」 and 'Standard Specification for Repairing Cultural Heritages', 『Imwongyeongjeji』 「Seomyongji」 focuses on standardizing the construction methods to create a new traditional space. There is a difference in the setting of the scope of the 『Imwongyeongjeji』 「Seomyongji」 and the construction because 'Standard Specification for Repairing Cultural Heritages' provides the overall construction procedure considering the diversity of the cultural heritages. In addition, the traditional landscape space used to be a residential space in the past, but today, the maintenance process of the already established facilities as designated cultural heritages has been carried out, and construction methods have been added to create viewing conditions. In terms of the succession of traditional knowledge, some similar methods were found in the repair of cultural assets today, and some cases were also confirmed in the reconstruction of traditional technologies such as application of some materials or mix, separation of added facilities and introduction of efficient construction methods.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.126-144
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• 2024

The chrysanthemum vine pattern box from the Goryeo Dynasty expresses in great detail the representative features of Goryeo Dynasty lacquerware with mother-of-pearl, such as engraving patterns on the surface of fine mother-of-pearl, expressing vine stems using metal wires, and twisting metal wires to form the boundaries of each patterns. While the lacquerware with mother-of-pearl that remains today from the Goryeo Dynasty has the form of a sutra box and a box with lid, the chrysanthemum vine pattern box that is the subject of this study is in the shape of a box with a separate lid and body, making it difficult to estimate the purpose of production or the stored contents. In this study, we attempted to confirm the formative characteristics of the chrysanthemum vine pattern box in order to confirm its original form, and to investigate its structure and production technique through X-ray transmission. In addition, we attempted to identify the use and production purpose of the box by classifying and comparing the previously known lacquerware with mother-ofpearl from the Goryeo Dynasty by type. As a result of the investigation, fabric was confirmed the bottom of body and inner box through X-ray images. Through this, it was confirmed that the 'Mogsimjeopichilgi'(wooden core grabbing fabric technique) of wrapping the object with fabric was used. And through wood grain, it was possible to confirm the wooden board composition of the part presumed to be the restored part and the part presumed to have had existing Jangseog. In addition, it was confirmed that the joints were connected in a Majdaeim(part to part). Based on the survey results, a total of 14 pieces, including 9 Sutra boxes, 3 boxes, and 2 small boxes, that remain from the Goryeo Dynasty were classified by type and examined for similarity. Among them, there is a "Chrysanthemum Vine Pattern Sutra Box" from a private collection in Japan, a "Black Lacquered Chrysanthemum Arabesque Bun Sutra Box" from the Tokugawa Art Museum, a "Sutra Holder" from the British Museum, and a "Small Box with a Mother-of-Pearl Chrysanthemum Vine Pattern" from a private collection in Korea. The pattern composition of five points was most similar to the subject of this study. As a result of comparing the damage pattern, formative characteristics, and structural features of each part, it is presumed that the sutra holder in the British Museum was transformed into its current form from the original the chrysanthemum vine patterned box. Lastly, in order to confirm the purpose of production, that is, the use of this box, we investigated examples of Tripitaka Koreana printed version produced at a time similar to the social atmosphere of Goryeo at the time. Following the Mongol(元) invasion after the Goryeo military regime at the time, sutras appeared to pray for the stability of the nation and the soul of an individual, and with the development of domestic printing and paper in the 13th century, it gradually coincided with the transition from a scroll to a folded form, and the form of a box changed from a box. It is believed that the storage method also changed.