• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제23권E2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2007

In Korea, there is a general lack of information available on air emissions from industry. The reasons for this include the lack of regulatory requirements for emission monitoring, limited information on specific industries, and difficulties in monitoring certain sources. This paper presents the first detailed air pollutant emission factors from composite wood product manufacturing in Korea. This study introduced emission factors for wood-based panels such as plywood, particle board (PB), and medium density fiberboard (MDF). The emission factors of particulate matters (PM) and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) from MDF were higher than that from other wood products. The concentration of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) for hot press from wood-based panels was higher than drying or gluing processes. Emissions data from NPIP were compared to the data from the suggested emission factors in this study and the US EPA's. The data from our emission factors were closer to the observed results than the data using the US EPA's emission factor.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2021

This article aimed at thermally treating and charactering the Eucalyptus grandis wood under three different temperatures. For this, pristine eucalypt samples were treated by heating in a laboratory oven at 160 ℃, 200 ℃ and 240 ℃, always for 2 h. Treatment parameters (based on weight percentage loss and specific gravity), as well as mechanical (by hardness tests), chemical (by infrared spectroscopy), thermal (by thermogravimetry), and colorimetric (by CIELab method) features were evaluated. Compared to the pristine ones, the treated woods have there was a drop in apparent density at 12 % and consecutively greater thermal stability which is probably related to a previous partial degradation of some major amorphous components (namely cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), as suggested by the treatment parameters and infrared spectra. Besides of that, the higher the temperature treatment, the higher the loss in surface hardness and the higher the colour darkening.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.576-582
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• 2013

구리계 보존제 처리에 대한 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 Douglas fir 변재와 ACQ-2 보존제를 사용하여 목재 내 침투 및 부후 특성을 조사하였다. 약제의 주입이 어려운 Douglas fir 수종에 대하여 약제의 주입이 잘된 곳과 안된 곳의 시료를 채취하여 약제 이동을 방해하는 인자를 구명하고자 방사조직 높이, 방사조직 밀도, 가도관의 길이를 실체현미경, 광학현미경, 그리고 전자현미경으로 측정 및 관찰하였다. 그 결과 방사조직의 높이와 밀도 그리고 가도관길이는 약제의 주입이 용이했던 부분과 주입이 안된 부분에서 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 목재 구성 세포들의 벽공에서는 차이가 나타났음을 전자현미경을 통해 관찰할 수 있었다. 약제의 주입이 안된 곳에서는 폐색된 벽공이 많이 관찰되었다. 그리고 여러 농도의 ACQ로 처리한 목재 시편을 갈색부후균으로 부후시킨 후 광학 현미경으로 부후 특성을 관찰하였다. 그 결과 무처리 시편의 가도관, 방사조직, 수지구 등의 조직이 부후되어 파괴된 것을 볼 수 있었으며, 약제 처리 농도가 낮으면 부후가 진행되므로 일정 농도 이상으로 처리해야함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.334-343
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 국내에서 상업적으로 이용되고 있는 국산 낙엽송 열처리재의 여러 가지 물성(밀도, 평형함수율, 수축률, 흡습/흡수성, 종/횡압축강도, 휨강도, 경도, 내부후성능)을 정량적으로 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 고온처리에 의해 목재의 소수성이 증가함에 따라 평형함수율이 감소하였다. 이에 따라 수축률 및 흡습/흡수성이 감소하여 치수안정성이 개선되었고, 낮은 함수율의 영향으로 압축강도가 증가하였으며, 목재 주성분의 변화와 낮은 함수율의 영향으로 내부후성능이 개선되었다. 하지만 열처리에 의해 밀도와 휨강도 및 경도는 감소하였다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2019

The deck floor of a the cargo truck becomesis damaged and aged due to the continuous loading of the loading cargo and external environmental factors. Floor boards made of wood and metal are often used. In the case of wood, the cost is high due to the use of imported wood, and the strength is easily deterioratesd due to environmental factors. In the case of metal materials, the durability is higher than that of wood, but problems are raised due to the effect of major factors that hinder the weight reduction, and the effects of corrosion. In order to replace this stucturestructural design, this study proposed a wood fiber composite using natural raw materials. Woody composites are being used as environmentally and friendly exterior materials with the combined advantages of plastic, and wood,; low cost and low density. However, due to the nature of the woody composites, the properties are differentdiffer depending on the contents of the matrix, reinforcing agent, additives, compatibilizer, etc. In this study, we investigate these problems through analysis of the microstructure and mechanical properties according to proper content and injection molding conditions. As a result, it is considered that the wood deck composite can replaced the current Deck Floor Boardreplace current deck floor boards through continuous continued research and results of this study.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2022

데크재, 산책로 등 옥외용도로 대부분 사용되고 있는 합성목재(Wood Plastic Compound;WPC)를 실내 용도의 건축용 내장재로 사용하기 위하여, 항균성, 총 휘발성 유기화합물 배출량(TVOC), 난연성 등이 개선된 WPC 패널을 제조하였다. 고밀도 폴리에틸렌(HDPE)과 편백나무 목분(Chamacyparis obtusa wood flour), 항균제 및 난연제 등의 첨가제를 혼합한 후 압출 성형하여 합성목재(Wood Plastic Composite) 컴파운드 펠렛을 제조하였다. 이 WPC 컴파운드 펠렛을 이축압출기를 사용하여 제조한 합성목재 패널(303mm×606mm×10mm)은 우수한 항균 및 항진균 특성을 나타냈다. 또한 패널의 총 휘발성 유기화합물 배출량(TVOC)은 0.062mg/m2·h 였으며, KS F 2271의 난연성 2등급 표준을 달성하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2010

Japanese cedar has low density and poor mechanical performance. Manufacturing glue-laminated timber (glulam) is the best way to compensate for its poor mechanical performance. The Korean Standard (KS) confines outermost lamina of glulam to higher grade than E8, but the yield of higher than grade E8 from logs is only 6.5%. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of non-Korean-Standard glulam in structural applications. Allowable stresses determined by both hand-calculation and Monte-Carlo simulation show a higher allowable stress than that of the KS-standard glulam of 6S-22B. In the Korean Standard (KS), knot characteristics are not taken into account. Japanese cedar has relatively small knots. We believe that the small knots in Japanese cedar contribute to a higher allowable stress than the KS-standard glulam would predict. The species classification of KS is required to be further subdivided into sub-species groups based on knot characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.21-38
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• 1993

In order to investigate the influence of recycling, a laboratory method simulating the papermaking process was used for assessing the effects of recycling on fiber properties. Sw-BKP, Hw-BKP and BGP were disintegrated and beaten to about 42$^{\circ}$SR-44$^{\circ}$SR by a valley beater. After beating, these pulps were dewatered by centrifuge and dried at 90$^{\circ}C$ for 72hrs. This recycling process(sequence of wetting, defiberating, dewatering and drying) was repeated seven times. Physical, mechanical and optical properties of recycled pulps were evaluated by TAPPI Standards. Morphological changes occurred through recycling process was observed by SEM. Sheet density decreased with recycling. The largest drop in density occurred during the first recycling. The porosity values decreased with recycling. Mechanical properties such as tensile, burst strength and folding endurance, decreased with recycling. However tear strength of Sw-BKP and mixtured pulp increased at the first recycling. Optical properties such as brightness, opacity and light scattering coefficient, increased with recycling. However, brightness of mixtured pulp gradually decreased with recycling. Fibrillated outer layer of the fiber was gradually removed from the surface with recycling. As a result of recycling, crinkles on the fiber surface were found to be more folded.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.329-337
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• 1997

Study of population density and biomass of soil microarthropods in soil, herbaceous leaf litter and wood leaf litter was conducted at 4 sites with different flora in Mt. Jumbong, a nature reserve area, in Korea from Aug. 1994 to May 1996. Total 47, 849 individuals of soil microarthropods in soil were collected and identified into 6 different classes, and 16 orders. The composition, densities, and dominant group of soil microarthropods were different among 4 sampling sites. Collembola was the most abundant group with 50.7% at South-facing slope and 50.6% at the North-facing slope. But Acari was the most abundant group with 49.8% at Altitude 900m site and 47.7% at Altitude 1100m site. Two group ranged 87-95% of total individuals. A/C ratio was less than 1.0 at 4 sampling sites during the all sampling seasons. As a result of biomass evaluation, rato of Acari was decreased but ratio of Diplopoda, coleoptera, Araneae, Diptera and Chilopoda was increased. About 70% of total orders and densities were found in less than 5cm soil depth. The composition, densities, and dominant group of soil microarthropods were different among soil, herbaceous litter and wood litter. Collembola was the most abundant group in herbaceous and wood litter. A/C ratio was less than 1.0 in litter during the sampling seasons. As a result of biomass evaluation in litter, ration of Araneae and Collembola was very high, but ratio of Acari was low.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.420-427
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• 2014

제재과정에서 발생되는 톱밥과 농업부산물인 왕겨의 활용방안을 찾고자 왕겨의 혼합비율에 따라 혼합보드를 제조하고 수지함침 및 탄화과정을 거쳐 혼합세라믹을 제조하여 왕겨의 혼합비율에 따라 물성을 조사하였다. 같은 수지함침율에서 왕겨혼합비율이 증가함에 따라 탄화 후 밀도 및 휨강도는 증가하였으나 중량감소율은 감소하였다. 또한 같은 탄화온도에서 밀도와 휨강도는 왕겨혼합비율이 40%일 때 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다.