• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1161-1161
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• 2001

Rapid cost-effective methods of measuring wood quality are extremely important to tree improvement programs where it is necessary to test large numbers of trees. Non-destructive sampling of a forest can be achieved by using increment cores generally removed at breast height. At CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products methods for the rapid, non-destructive measurement of wood properties and wood chemistry based on increment core samples have been developed. In this paper the application of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to the prediction of a range solid wood properties, including density, longitudinal modulus of elasticity (E$\sub$L/) and microfibril angle (MFA), is described. Experiments conducted on individual species (Eucalyptus delegatensis and Pinus radiata), the two species combined and a number of mixed species from several genera are reported. NIR spectra were obtained from the radial/longitudinal face of each sample and used to develop calibrations for the measured physical properties. When the individual species were used the relationships between laboratory determined data and NIR fitted data were good in all cases. Coefficients of determination (R$^2$) ranging from 0.77 for MFA to 0.93 for stick density were obtained for E. delegatensis and R$^2$ ranging from 0.68 for MFA to 0.94 for strip density were obtained for P. radiata. The calibration statistics for the combined E. delegatensis and P. radiata samples were similar to those found for the individual species. As these results indicated that it might be possible to produce general calibrations based on samples from a number of species of a single genus or samples from a number of different genera, a wide range of species was subsequently tested. Good relationships were obtained for both density and E$\sub$L/. These calibrations had R$^2$ that were slightly lower than those determined using individual species and standard errors that were higher. The mixed species calibrations, when applied to the E. delegatensis and P. radiata sample sets, provided good estimates of density (stick and strip) and E$\sub$L/. The results demonstrated that a mixed species calibration, that encompasses wide variation in terms of, wood anatomy, chemistry and physical properties, could be used to rank trees. Experiments reported in this paper demonstrate that solid wood properties can be estimated by NIR spectroscopy. The method offers a rapid and non-destructive alternative to traditional methods of analysis and is applicable to large-scale non-destructive forest resource assessment, and to tree breeding and silvicultural programs.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.603-606
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• 2013

To determine geographical patterns of natural parasite infections among wild rodents, a total of 46 wild rodents from 3 different localities in northern Gangwon-do (Province), Korea were examined for intestinal parasite infections. Along with nematodes such as hookworms and Syphacia spp., Plagiorchis muris (2 specimens) (Trematoda) were collected from striped field mice, Apodemus agrarius. In a Korean wood mouse, Apodemus peninsulae, the overall nematode infections were similar to A. agrarius, but an adult worm of Echinostoma hortense (Trematoda) was collected. In addition, 2 species of cestodes, i.e., Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta, were collected from A. agrarius. Through this survey, A. agrarius and A. peninsule were confirmed as the natural definite hosts for zoonotic intestinal helminths, i.e., P. muris, E. hortense, H. nana, and H. diminuta, in northern Gangwon-do, Korea. Considering increased leisure activities around these areas, seasonal and further comprehensive surveys on wild rodents seem to be needed to prevent zoonotic parasite infections.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.88-99
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• 1997

뉴질랜드산(産) 라디아타소나무의 수간(樹幹) 및 지재(枝材)에 발달(發達)되어 있는 압축이상재(壓縮異常材), 대응재(對應材) 및 측면재(側面材)의 해부학적(解剖學的) 특성(特性)을 광학현미경(光學顯微鏡), 주사전자현미경(走射電子顯微鏡) 그리고 투과전자현미경(透過電子顯微鏡)을 이용하여 조직학적(組織學的) 및 구성요소(構成要素)의 수량적(數量的) 측면(側面)에서 비교(比較), 검토(檢討) 하였다. 조직학적(組織學的)인 면(面)에서 볼 때 춘재(春材)로부터 추재(秋材)로의 가도관(假導管) 이행(移行)은 대응재(對應材)나 측면재(側面材)보다 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)가 훨씬 더 점진적(漸進的)이었다. 편심생장(偏心生長)으로 인해 연륜폭(年輪幅)은 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)가 가장 컸고 그 다음이 측면재(側面材) 및 대응재(對應材)의 순이었으며 추재솔(秋材率) 역시 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)가 대응재(對應材) 및 측면재(側面材)보다 컸다. 횡단면상(橫斷面上) 가도관(假導管) 형상면(形狀面)에서 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)가 원형(圓形)을 나타내는 반면 대응재(對應材)와 측면재(側面材)는 각형(角形)을 띠고 있었다. 또한 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)에서만 가도관(假導管)의 세포벽(細胞壁)에 나선강(螺旋腔)과 나선열(螺旋裂) (helical cavity and check), 슬릿(slit)형(形) 벽공구(壁孔口)가 존재(存在)하였으나 $S_3$층(層)이 결여(缺如)되어 있었으며 굴곡(屈曲)된 선단(先端)과 불규칙(不規則)한 형상(形狀)의 가도관(假導管) 및 세포간극(細胞間隙)이 자주 관찰(觀察)되었다. 직교분야(直交分野) 벽공(壁孔)은 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)가 가문비나무형(型) 그리고 대응재(對應材) 및 측면재(側面材)는 소나무형(型) 벽공(壁孔)을 나타냈다. 수량적(數量的) 특성(特性) 면에서 볼 때 가도관(假導管)의 길이는 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)가 가장 짧고 측면재(側面材)가 가장 길었으며 가도관(假導管)의 벽(壁) 두께는 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)가 대응재(對應材)나 측면재(側面材)보다 두꺼웠다. 수직수지구(垂直樹脂溝)는 대응재(對應材)가 그리고 수평수지구(水平樹脂溝)(방추형(紡錐形) 방사조직(放射祖織))는 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)의 쪽이 많았다. 결론적(結論的)으로 보면 라디아타소나무의 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)는 근본적으로 대응재(對應材)나 측면재(側面材)와는 상이(相異)한 특성(特性)을 지녔으나 대응재(對應材)와 측면재(側面材)는 거의 유사(類似)한 특성(特性)을 공유(共有)하는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.31-35
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• 1984

우리 나라 특산(特産) 수종(樹種)인 개나리속(屬)의 해부학적(解剖學的) 성질(性質)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 횡단면상(橫斷面上)의 도관(導管)은 거의 단일도관(單一導管)이었고, 2~3개(個)로 복합(複合)된 복합도관(複合導管)도 가끔 나타나고, 도관(導管)의 배열상태(排列狀態)는 복사공성(輻射孔性) 환공재(環孔材)이었다. 도관(導管)의 평균(平均) 길이는 개나리 $539.98{\pm}154.71{\mu}$, 만리화 $602.22{\pm}157.38{\mu}$, 장수만리화 $465.50{\pm}83.02{\mu}$이었다. 목섬유(木纖維)의 평균(平均) 길이는 개나리 $387.40{\pm}68.23{\mu}$, 만리화 $533.90{\pm}106.77{\mu}$, 장수만리화 $482.40{\pm}72.33{\mu}$ 이었다. 방사조직(放射組織)의 형(型)은 이성공형(異性工型)이었다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

This study was carried out to elucidate the relationship between wood anatomy and the water flow path in P. koraiensis and L. leptolepis. through the experiment of penetration of the dye solution. The experiment was performed by permeating 1% acid, alkali and direct solution into the xylem just after being cut. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. In P. koraiensis and L. leptolepis, the dye solution penetrated into sapwood and annual rings adjacent to cambial zone were only dyed according to ascent of tree height. 2. The penetrability of latewood was better than that of earlywood. 3. In P. koraiensis and L. leptolepis, the main water flow path in longitudinal direction was the trachied and that in transverse direction was ray trachied and ray parenchyma. Also, the dye solution was found in resin canal. 4. P. koraiensis was more permeable than L. leptolepis. 5. Among the acid, alkali and direct dye solution, the acid dye solution was the most permeable.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.317-327
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• 1986

Anatomical characters of the trunk woods of Theaceae, including six genera and seven species collected in Korea, were studied to elucidate the relationship among the genera of the family. Among three genera in Ternstoemieae, Eurya is the least specialized, and Cleyera is less specialized than Ternstroemia in respect to the specialization of the perforation plate and the ray. In Theoieae consisting of three genera, the most primitive one is Thea, and Camellia is more primitive than Stewartia in the trive, from the view of the bar arrangement in scalariform perforation plate and the angle of end wall to the vessel axis. The specialization of the perforation plate of vessel element suggests that Theoieae is more advanced group than Ternstroemieae.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.271-284
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• 1985

Anatomical characters of secondary xylem in the trunk of Magnoliaceae, Winteraceae and Schizandraceae, including six genera and eleven species grown naturally in Korea, were studied to elucidate the relationship between genera or families. It is considered that among these families specialization in the perforation plate, the angel of end wall to the vessel axis, and diameter of vessel element, is in the order of Winteracae, Magnoliaceae, and then Schizandraceae. In Winteraceae, vessel elements have wholly scalariform perforation plates with very numerous bars. Among Magnoliaceae the peroration plates are scalariform with very numerous bars in Michelia, with few bars in Liriodendron, and with few bars or simple in Magnolia. In Schizandraceae, Schizandra shows scalariform perforation plates with few bars or simple perforation plates, and Kadsura shows almost simple ones.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.149-162
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• 1984

Anatomical characters of the secondary xylem in roots of Lauraceae, including 6 genera and 13 species grown in Korea, were studied systematically. Lauraceors members studied anatomically possess characters of the secondary xylem that are in the main more specialized than those found in the primitive angiosperm families. The specialized characters are as follows; (1) mostly solitary pores with some radially multiples, (2) mostly simple perforation plates and partially scalariform perforation plates in all species, (3) slightly oblique end wall of vessel element, (4) predominantly alternate intervascular pitting, (5) paratracheal axial parenchyma in all species, (6) heterogeneous II or III vascular rays. It is considered that the series of specialization in this family from the perforation plates and angle of end wall to the vessel axis is as follows; MachiluslongrightarrowNeolitsealongrightarrowLinderalongrightarrowCinammomumlongrightarrowIozostelongrightarrowLitsea.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.81-94
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• 1984

Anatomical features and cell dimensions of the secondary xylem in the stem of the korean Lauraceas including 6 genera and 12 species were investigated under a light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Key to identification among genera or species was made from the anatomical features and systematic correlation investigated. The stem woods of Lauraceae exhibit the following characters: (1) quite evenly distributed pores (diffuse-porous wood) (2) perforation plates simple or occasionally scalariform in the latewood vessels (3) almostly 2-seriate and heterocellular rays (4) abundant paratracheal-vasicentric parenchyma (5) oil cells. Especially, the appearance of simple perforation plates suggest the Lauraceae to be more or less advanced. It is considered that the series of specialization in the Lauraceae from the perforation plates and the height of rays is as LinderalongrightarrowNeolitsealongrightarrow(Machilus, Litsea, Iozoste)longrightarrowCinnamomum, and Lindera sericea is the most pribitive in the Lauraceae.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

제조 온도에 따른 목탄의 해부학적 특성을 주사전자현미경법으로 조사하였다. 목탄은 실험실용 전기로를 이용하여 $400^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$, $800^{\circ}C$, $1000^{\circ}C$의 각 온도 조건에서 굴참나무재를 10분간 탄화시켜 제조하였다. 관찰 결과 목탄의 구조는 제조 온도에 따라 큰 차이를 보였다. $400^{\circ}C$에서 제조한 목탄의 횡단면은 깨끗하게 나타났으나 온도 증가에 따라 거칠고 할렬이 많은 단면을 나타냈다. 세포벽은 벽층 구조가 소실되고 유리와 같이 매끄럽고 균질한 구조를 보여주었다. $400^{\circ}C$에서 제조한 목탄은 유세포 상호간에 간극이 거의 없었으나 $600^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 유세포 간에 분리가 발생하여 간극이 관찰되었다. 방사유세포와 축방향유세포의 표면에는 직경 $2{\sim}4{\mu}m$의 사마귀 모양의 돌기물이 다수 관찰되었고, $600^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 광방사조직에 커다란 할열할렬이 자주 발생하였다. 결정 세포 중에 존재하는 결정의 표면은 제조 온도에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 즉, $400^{\circ}C$와 $600^{\circ}C$에서 제탄한 목탄 중의 결정은 매끄러운 표면을 나타내고 있으나 $800^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 제조한 목탄의 것은 표면이 거칠고 작은 구멍이 나타나 스폰지와 같은 외형을 보여주었다.