The purpose of this study is to most appropriately develop maternity wear according to the preferences of specific age groups of pregnant women. The specific age groups were women in their twenties, early thirties, and late thirties. This survey was conducted in the metropolitan area around Seoul, South Korea through a questionnaire given to 150 pregnant women. The study found that pregnant women purchased significantly cheaper clothes after their pregnancy than before. The participants responded that they mostly bought clothes using the Internet, but they also reported many instances of returning the clothes due to fit and sizing. It was shown that women in their twenties tended to consider the price, design, and activity more than women in their thirties when purchasing maternity wear. The study showed that pregnant women tended to wear maternity wear from early in the pregnancy-preferring leggings, one-piece dresses, pants, shirts, briefs, and bras with the girdle on the outside. More women in their late thirties purchased maternity support belts than younger age groups. In any case, in purchasing maternity wear, clothing features that the respondents focused on were comfort, functionality, fit, the covering of their body changes, and fashion. Still, many respondents 35 years and older reported more interest in safety rather than fashion in comparison to the responses of respondents under the age of 35.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of family differentiation from the family of origin, marital communication, and marital intimacy on the family strengths of married women in their twenties and thirties. The subjects were 237 married women in their twenties and thirties who live in D city. The questionnaire was consisted of measures on the family differentiation from the family of origin, marital communication, marital intimacy, and family strengths. Structural equational models were conducted with Amos 18.0. The major findings were as follows. 1) Family differentiation from the family of origin had both direct and indirect influences on the perceived family strengths of married women in their twenties and thirties. 2) Family differentiation from the family of origin had a direct effect on marital communication but no direct effect on marital intimacy. 3) Marital communication had a direct effect on marital intimacy but no direct effect on married women's perceived family strengths. 4) Marital intimacy had a direct effect on married women's perceived family strengths.
The purpose of this study is to take a look at the fashion frame of Korean women in their twenties and thirties to sort the actual fashion image and the ideal fashion image according to the fashion frame of Korean women in their twenties and thirties, and also to find out the standards and features that divide such a classification. For this study, we used the Q method, which is valued as an effective way to assess subjectivity. This helps to objectively classify the perception the fashion images of and the response to them as well. The analyzed materials were divided into two actual fashion frames and two ideal fashion frames, and classified them into 12 fashion image types in total, that is, six actual fashion images and six ideal fashion images, and we named each type of the fashion images and analyzed the features of each fashion image type through the in-depth Q workshop in which 14 professionals participated. The results of this study are as follows: First, the actual fashion frames of Korean women in their twenties and thirties was largely divided into 'Fashion Gold Girl', the fashion frame of mainstream and 'Indi-idol', the fashion frame of subcultures, and this was further divided into six fashion image types: 'Basic Casual', 'Vintage Performer', 'Easy Chic', 'Ladies' Look', 'City Office Girl' and 'Club Mania'. Second, the ideal fashion frame of Korean women in their twenties and thirties was divided into 'Urban Refinement', the fashion frame of the mainstream and 'Mismatched Style', the fashion frame of subcultures. It was also divided into six fashion image types: Power Fashion', 'Fashion Conservative', 'Semi-culture', 'Fashion Otaku', 'Sweet Darling' and 'Fashion Panic'. Third, The characteristics of the fashion images' colors are recognizable according to the type of fashion images.
Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
/
v.7
no.3
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pp.27-37
/
2005
This study is aimed at the ready-mades size system and satisfaction of consumers size for woman's wear at domestic market which are made by public production systems. This study, particularly, is focused on jacket of 20-30 aged woman's wear in twenties & thirties female clothe. The procedures of this study are as follows; 1. Select 25 domestic clothing companies that its product has targeted in twenties & thirties female and investigate the system of each pattern size 2. Select 259 female in twenties & thirties randomly in Seoul survey a standad of females jacket purchase. Analysis of this study is based on SPSS statistics program, technical statistics, $X^2$ and ANOVA verification. The results of studying are as follows; 1. The survey of pattern size of the domestic females clothing companies has shown some distinctive feature at age and body type of their consumers. 2. Crucial point of female consumers in twenties & thirties is a design and fitness of their jacket while they are purchasing their jacket. 3. Female consumers have some dissatisfaction for the variety of size, difficulty of purchasing and size of bust, shoulder & length of arms of their jacket.
This study was designed to identify how the incidence and severity of premenstrual. syndrome (PMS) correlate with the nutrient intakes and exercise habit of women. The subjects of this study were 299 women residing in Busan metropolitan city. Each subject was asked to complete a menstrual discomfort questionnaire (MDQ) for PMS and nutrient intakes. PMS symptom scores of women in their twenties ranked in order of severity were: behavioral change (2.45), followed by pain (2.36) and water retention (2.28), negative effects (2.20), autonomic reaction (1.91), arousal (1.87), decreased concentration (1.76) and decreased control (1.74). For Women in their thirties, the symptom of pain was the most dominant (2.93) followed by autonomic reaction (2.69) and behavioral change (2.54), and for those in their forties, negative effect (3.06) was highest, followed by pain (2.97) and autonomic reaction (2.86). The overall symptoms of PMS significantly increased with age (20': 2.07 points, 30': 2.34 points, 40': 2.47 points). There was no correlation of the BMI of the subjects with the symptoms of PMS, but there was a significant negative correlation between the symptoms of PMS and exercise frequency for women in their thirties and forties. Subjects in their twenties exhibited a significant negative correlation for PMS symptoms with the intake of carbohydrate (p < 0.05), calcium (p < 0.05) and vitamin E (p < 0.05). For subjects in their thirties, PMS symptoms were negatively correlated with the intake of calcium (p < 0.05) and vitamin C (p < 0.05); and in women in their forties, calcium (p < 0.01) and carbohydrate (p < 0.05) intakes were negatively correlated with PMS symptoms. This suggests that PMS represents the clinical manifestation of a nutrient deficiency state, especially calcium. Therefore, we concluded that nutrient supplementation and exercise management are likely to be of benefit in relieving PMS symptoms.
The purpose of this study was to assess the consumption patterns of Makoli and to provide age-specific suggestions to increase the popularity of newly developed products. The subjects of the study were 373 men and 329 women, and information was obtained by self-administered questionnaire in December of 2010. One major finding of the study was that regardless of gender, consumption of Makoli was correlated to age: older respondents drank more Makoli. Those in their thirties and older, especially women, drank Makoli at home with family. The reasons given for liking or disliking Makoli differed among age groups, but were the same between genders. More subjects in their twenties liked Makoli because of its distinctive taste, while more in their forties liked it for its cultural value. Subjects in their thirties disliked it because it caused headaches, while more in their forties complained of burping. Both genders in their twenties suggested that TV and internet advertisements may be the best strategy to increase the popularity of newly developed Makoli products, and women in their forties suggested promoting Makoli's health benefits. The low calorie content of new Makoli products appealed to women of all age groups and men in their twenties and thirties. Women in their forties were also attracted by Makoli's possible effect to alleviate constipation.
Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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v.19
no.2
/
pp.75-99
/
2015
The purpose of this study was to examine the career-interrupted lives of highly educated career-interrupted women. The participants were 11 women in their thirties who had graduated from university graduated and had a child. We collected the qualitative data using a focused group interview. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, in personal histories of the career-interrupted women, there were marriages and births, difficulties with child care, priority placed on the family, pressure to retire, and an absence of a layoff system related to births and child care. Second, with regard to their interrupted lives, while there was comfort and an absence of work-stress, there was child care stress, financial stress, anxiety due to career uncertainty, a loss of the social self, depression, emptiness, low self-esteem, dependence on husbands, regret, conflict in career choices, and envy of childcare support. Third, their reasons for seeking reemployment included the financial benefits, increased independence, self-realization in their job, hope for a stable job, self-management, and hope for a social network.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the lower body size and forms of married women in their thirties who have experienced pregnancy and parturition. Their measurements derived from the direct anthropometry and indirect photographic measures were compared to those of 20's. Improving consumer satisfaction for missy brand, especially in fitness of skirt and pants, some lower body classification were presented. The results were as follows : 1. The characteristics of lower body showed many differences by individuals especially in depth, girth, length and angle measures rather than height and breadth measures. Many items including index, calculations and angles revealed significant differences compared to those of 20's. Several breadth items, crotch length had distinct increase than those of women in twenties. Flattened buttocks side silhouette from waist to hip, buttocks drooping and decrease of inclination implied the influence of pregnancy, parturition and aging. 2. We hardly find out sizing system differences between missy brand and miss brand. Based on waist and hip girth measurements of subjects, sizing system of missy apparel wasn't suitable for their body size. Excessive drop(hip girth-waist girth) of missy brands, 25~30 cm, was almost the same to the drop of miss brands. 3. To improve the size satisfaction of missy women, we classified the lower body into 5 types according to drop, buttocks angle and hip length. Type 1 was small waist with large buttocks projection, and hip length was close to an average. Type 2 was small waist with medium buttocks projection, and the hip length was close to an average. Type 3 was medium waist, with average projection of the buttocks and hip length. Type 4 was large waist, projection of the buttocks and the hip length were close to an average. Type 5 was large waist, projection of the buttocks was small and the hip length was close to an average.
The study was intended to investigate and explore the preimenstrual symptoms, their severity levels, their patterns and the relationships of the age to those symptoms and patterns among Korean women. The data were collected from 844 women in one highschool, one Nursing college and one Korea National Open University in Seoul, from Nov, 1997 to Jun. 1998. The instruments were the Menstrual Symptoms Questionnaire developed by Chesney and the Center for Epidemiologic studies Depression scale developed by Radloff. the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple comparison test, $X^2$-test, simple regression analysis and logistic regression analysis using pc-SAS program. The results were as follows ; 1. Korean women had more symptoms of abdominal bloating, fatigue, abdominal discomfort and backache in perimenstrual period. There Teenages had more symptoms of depression and uterine cramps in the day before or the first day of menstruation. Women in their twenties had more symptoms of abdominal pain or abdominal discomfort, backache, abdominal bloating and the sensitiveness /discomforts in the lower back, abdomen and inner part of thighs. women in their thirties had more symptoms of abdominal bloating, fatigue, tension and nervousness before the menstruation, abdominal discomfort and backpain in the first day of menstruation. Women in their forties had more symptoms of backache, breast discomforts, abdominal pain and discomforts. 2. The severity levels of the perimenstrual symptoms showed the highest score(mean=2.73) in twenties and the lowest score)mean=1.96) in forties The perimenstrual symptom patterns were prevailed the spasmodic menstrual symptoms in teenage and twenties and the congestive menstrual symptoms in thirties and forties. The age was a determinant of perimenstrual symptom patterns and the precipitative equation was log[p(age)/(1-p(age)]=2.7356-0.0982 age. 3. The relationship of the age to perimenstrual symptoms was vanished or lessened, controlling for parity as a test factor. this finding supports the notion that parity is an extraneous variable.
This study was performed to assess the extent of dietary diversity and nutrient intakes of Korean child-bearing women and to investigate the relationships between dietary diversity indices and nutrient intakes. A total of 91 women aged 18 to 48 years old participated. They were divided into four groups by age 15 subjects in teens, 20 in twenties. 32 in thirties and 24 in forties. Mean energy intake was 1638${\pm}$471㎉/day and it was low as 81.4% of the Korean RDA for energy. Mean intakes of folate, calcium and iron were also low as 81.7%. 72.6% and 57.2% of the RDAs. On the other hand, protein, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin and vitamin C were consumed close to or above the RDAs. It was obvious that the subjects in teens and twenties took less all of the nutrients as well as energy than those In thirties and forties. Mean nutrient adequacy ratio( MNAR) was 0.77 and showed a trend to raise with increasing age. Thus MNAR of the teens was the lowest and that of the forties was the highest among the age groups. The results in this study support the previous findings that nutrient intakes of women in teens and twenties were poorer compared to those in thirties and forties. Mean dietary diversity score( DDS) . dietary variety score(DVS) and dietary frequency score( DFS) were 4.1. 11.6 and 14.7. respectively. DVS and DFS of the teens and twenties were lower than those in thirties and forties. DDS significantly correlated to the intakes of energy and calcium only, however, DVS and DFS had significant relationships to the intakes of all nutrients. The MNAR significantly related to DVS and DFS. but not DDS. In conclusion, the intakes of energy, folate. calcium and iron of child-bearing women were not sufficient and their nutrient adequacy highly correlated with dietary diversity. It indicates that to consume various foods helps to enhance the nutritional status.
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