• 제목/요약/키워드: women' wear

검색결과 835건 처리시간 0.023초

연성 콘택트렌즈의 관리 및 정기검사 실태 (The status of care for Soft Contact Lens and periodic examination)

  • 신장철
    • 한국안광학회지
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.107-113
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    • 2000
  • 안경원과 안과에서의 연성 콘택트렌즈 판매 후 이루어지는 관리방법과 정기검사의 실태를 파악하여 안경광학과의 연성 콘택트렌즈 교육을 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위해 연성 콘택트렌즈를 착용한 대학생을 대상으로 연성 콘택트렌즈 착용 및 관리 실태를 조사하였다. 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연성 콘택트렌즈 착용실태를 조사한 결과 부산 및 경남지역의 2개 대학 학생들의 연성 콘택트렌즈 착용율은 7.5%였으며 성별로는 여자가 높은 비율을 차지하였고 연구 대상자들은 연성 콘택트렌즈를 주로 안경원에서 구매하고 있었으며 현재 착용하고 있는 콘택트렌즈의 종류로는 매일착용렌즈가 78.5%로 가장 많았고 연성 콘택트렌즈를 선택한 이유로 미용성을 든 사람이 47.9%로 가장 많았으며 1일 착용시간은 12시간 미만인 경우가 72.5%로 가장 많았고 사용기간은 6개월 이상 1년 미만인 경우가 32.0%로 가장 많았으며 연성 콘택트렌즈로 인한 불편사항으로 자극감을 선택한 사람이 51.3%로 가장 많았고 연성 콘택트렌즈의 교환시기는 6개월 이상 9개월 미만인 경우가 39.7%로 가장 많았다. 둘째, 연성 콘택트렌즈 판매 시 안과와 안경원 모두 일반적인 관리 방법인 착용시간 및 착용기간, 단백질 제거방법, 보관방법, 소독방법의 교육은 60% 이상 이루어지고 있었으나 부작용과 정기검사 스케줄의 지도 및 관리에 대해서는 안과, 안경원 모두 낮았으며 특히 정기검사에 대한 안경원의 교육은 매우 낮았다(p<0.05). 셋째, 연성 콘택트렌즈 착용 후 정기검사의 실시는 안과, 안경원 모두 낮았고 특히, 안경원에서는 정기검사의 실시율은 낮았으며 대부분(87.9%)은 부정기적인 검사에 의존하고 있었다. 정기검사 시 관리방법에 있어서 안경원에서는 콘택트렌즈의 일반적인 관리 방법 점검이 주로 이루어지는데 비해 안과에서는 이에 더하여 안검사 및 치료의 경우가 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 연성 콘택트렌즈를 착용자 중 정기검사의 필요성을 느낀 경우가 60.3%인 반면 실제로 정기검사 스케줄을 지도 받은 경우는 6.4%로 낮게 나타났으며 특히 안경원에서 2.5%로 더 낮았다(p<0.01).

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일부 농촌지역 주민의 브루셀라증 인지도 (Study on the Recognition of Brucellosis for Rural Residents)

  • 임현술;민영선
    • 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.51-62
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    • 2005
  • 농촌 주민들의 소 사육 실태 및 브루셀라증에 대한 인지도 등을 파악하여 사람 및 소 브루셀라증 관리방안을 수립하는데 기초 자료로 활용하고자 본 조사를 실시하였다. 설문은 울진군 북면 및 포항시 기계면 주민 1,028명을 대상으로 성별 및 연령 등 일반적 사항과 브루셀라증에 대한 인지도, 소 사육 실태, 브루셀라증 보상에 관한 내용 등이 포함된 설문지를 이용하였다. '소 브루셀라증에 대하여 들어본 적이 있거나 아십니까?' 에 관한 설문에서 '예' 라고 응답한 경우는 283명으로 27.5%가 알고 있었다. '소 브루셀라증이 사람에게도 감염된다는 사실을 알고 있습니까?' 에 관한 설문에서 '예' 라고 응답한 경우는 215명으로 77.6%가 알고 있었다. '여자에서 브루셀라증 감염 시 유산될 수 있다는 사실을 알고 있습니까?' 에 관한 설문에서 '예' 라고 응답한 경우는 98명으로 35.1%가 알고 있었다. '소 브루셀라 예방에 대한 교육이나 홍보 책자를 받은 적이 있습니까?' 에 관한 설문에서 '예' 라고 응답한 경우는 69명으로 24.7%가 받았다고 하였다. '최근 축산가에서 발생하는 소 브루셀라증 어떤 상태라고 생각하십니까?' 에 관한 설문에서 '심각하다' 라고 응답한 경우는 189명(68.5%)이었다. '최근 우리나라에서 발생하는 사람 브루셀라증은 어떤 상태라고 생각하십니까?' 에 관한 설문에서 '심각하다' 라고 응답한 경우는 185명(67.3%) 이었다. '키우는 암소에서 유산되거나 미숙한 송아지로 태어난 적이 있습니까?' 에 관한 설문에서 '예' 라고 응답한 경우는 28명(14.9%)이었다. '암소의 유산물이나 미숙 송아지를 맨손으로 직접 만졌습니까?' 에 관한 설문에서 '예' 라고 응답한 경우는 10명(5.3%)이었다. '소 브루셀라증이 발생하면 나라에서 보상해 준다는 것을 알고 있습니까?' 에 관한 설문에서 '예' 라고 응답한 경우는 46명(25.0%)이었다. '자신의 소가 유산한다면 가축위생시험소에 브루셀라 검사 신고를 하겠습니까?' 에 관한 설문에서 '예' 라고 응답한 경우는 114명(67.9%)이었고, 안하겠다는 이유로는 '신고하는 것인지 몰라서' 라고 응답한 경우가 36명(66.7%)으로 가장 많았다.

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신라 5~6세기 무덤 출토 팔찌에 대한 연구 -물리적·형태적 특성 및 착장 양상을 중심으로 (A Study of the Bracelets Excavated from Fifth-and Sixth-century Silla Kingdom Tombs: Physical Characteristics and Wearing Practices)

  • 윤상덕
    • 박물관과 연구
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    • 제1권
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    • pp.174-197
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    • 2024
  • 피장자의 성별 및 위계 연구에 신라 마립간기 무덤 출토 귀금속제 장신구는 주요 연구대상이다. 그럼에도 팔찌(釧)는 소홀히 다루어졌는데, 최근 하대룡이 팔찌를 통해 성별을 추정한 연구를 발표하여 주목받았다. 이에 신라 팔찌의 기본 요소에 대한 관찰과 정리가 필요해졌고 이 글에서 물리적인 성격부터 외관과 변천, 착장 양상을 검토하였다. 대상 팔찌는 총 176점으로 은제, 금제가 대부분이며, 동, 유리 등이 확인되었다. 제작방법은 대부분 일회용 토범(土范)을 사용해서 주조로 만들었으며, 특히 각목문이나 돌기문도 새긴 것이 아니라 주조임을 알 수 있었다. 유리 팔찌와 용문양 팔찌는 둥근 형태의 거푸집을 사용하고, 판금제작을 제외한 나머지 팔찌는 '一자'형 거푸집으로 주조하여 둥글게 구부린 것으로 보았다. 이렇게 구부린 뒤에 양 끝을 접합해서 땜한 경우(폐쇄형)와 접합하지 않고 열린 형태로 둔 경우(개방형)로 나눌 수 있다. 변천은 이한상의 연구와 같이 황남대총 북분에서 출토된 문양 없는 둥근 봉의 형태에 각목문이 부가되고, 6세기가 되면 돌기형이 유행하는 방향을 확인하였는데, 초기형태는 원삼국시대의 가는 봉형 팔찌에서 이어진 것으로 추정하였다. 팔찌는 착장 뒤에 쉽게 빠지지 않도록 손목에 맞춰서 제작해야 하며, 이를 위해 개방형의 디자인이 사용될 수 밖에 없다. 또 금, 은과 동의 연성을 고려하면 늘림이나 변형은 가능하다고 보았다. 결국 팔찌가 남성의 손에 들어가기에 작더라도 개방형은 착장할 수 있으며, 폐쇄형도 타원형으로 변형하면 남성도 착장이 불가능하지 않다고 판단하였다. 즉, 변형 가능 정도에 따라 개방형인 A유형에서 유리팔찌와 같이 변형이 거의 불가능한 D유형까지 나누었을 때, 개방형인 A유형이 세환이식 착장자에게 더 많이 확인되며, 변형이 어려운 C, D 유형은 세환이식 착장자에게는 보이지 않고 태환이식 착장자에게서만 발견되는 점을 확인하였다. 따라서 팔찌는 남성도 착장할 수 있었으며, 세환이식과 태환이식 및 대도 착장을 기준으로 남녀를 구별하는 기존의 연구는 여전히 유효하다고 생각한다

사무 자동화에 따른 사무직 근로자의 건강과 연관된 자각 증상에 대한 조사연구 (An Investigation on the self-consciousness Symptoms of the Clerical Workers attendant upon Office Automation)

  • 정미화
    • 한국직업건강간호학회지
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    • 제3권호
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    • pp.54-70
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    • 1993
  • According as the automation of clerical work(OA ; Office Automation) develops, the use of VDT(Visual or Video Display Terminal) is increasing suddenly. But, in proportion to the spread of office automation(OA tendency), the self-conciousness syptom attendant upon the work is appearing also (Kim, Jung Tae, Lee, Young Ook, 1990). The apparatuses of office enable the clerical workers to be convenient and perform mass businesses. But, they are increasing the opportunity to be exposed to VDT syndrom, techno stress, computer terminal disease, pain by muscle strain(RSI), bradycausia of noise nature, and electromagnetic waves, etc. which are referred to as the new type of occupational diseases to the workers. It is the real situation that the workers to use VDT is complaining of the physical inconvenience sense in the recent newspaper and literature, it is the point of time that the sydrome to come from VDT use and computer terminal disease, etc. must be classified into the occupational disease(Lee, Kwang Young 1990, Lee, Kyoo Hak 1990, Lee, Won Ho 1991, Lee, Si Young 1991, Lee, Joon 1991, Choi, Young Tae 1991, Heo, Seung Ho 1989). In addition, it is the real situation that the scientifitic study result about the scope that electromagnetic waves has influence on the human body has not been suggested yet, and criticism on the stable exposure permission standard about electromagnetic waves to be emitted from VDT and on the problem in the health about electromagnetic waves is continuing. (IEEE Spectrum, 1990). In addition according to the experience of nursery business of industry field, it is the real situation that the patients who consult complaining of physical and mental inconvenience sence, among the users of apparatus of office automation, are reaching 10% of the patients coming to doctor's room. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the self-consciousness symptom that the clerical workers complain of multilaterally with the actual state examination about the use of the apparatuses of offices automaton. Thus, this study was tried as th basic data for the cosultation and education for the maintenance and furtherance of the health of workers as the nurse of industry field, by confirming the contents of self-consciousness symptom attendant upon the use of the apparatus for office outomation making the financial institution in which the spparatus for office automation in most frequently used as the subject, and by examining whether there is the difference according to the subject of study, the data were collected, by using the questionnaire method, making 200 workers who consented to the study participation as the subject, among the persons who have spent over 3 months since they used the apparatuses for office automation and didn't receive the treatment in hospital due to the clerical disease for recent 3 years. The period of data collection was from Oct. 9, 1991 to Oct. 12. As for the measurement instrument about the complaint if self-consciousness symptom attendant upon the use of apparatuses fo office automation, the question item on the complaint symptom of health problem attendant upon the treatment of VDT that Kim(1991) developed and on CMI health problem and the question items on the fatigue degree due to industry were used by previous examination to 25 persons. Collected data were analyzed with the statistical method such as percentage, arithmetic mean, Person correlation coeffient, Kai square verfication, t-test, ANOVA, etc. by using SPSS/PC+ program, and the result is as follows : 1. The self-consciousness symptom that the clerical workers complained of most frequetly appeared high in 'My eyes are tired'(99.4%), 'I feel fatigue and weariness'(99.4%), 'I feel that my head is heavy5(90.0%), 'eyesight fell'(88.8%), 'I have a stiff neck'(88.8%), 'I fell pain in the shoulder'(85.0%), 'I feel cold and painful in the eyes'(76.9%), 'I feel the dry sense of eyeball'(76.2%), 'My nerves are edgy, and I an fretful, (75.6%), 'I feel pain in the waist'(73.2%) and 'I fell pain in the back'(72.8%). It emerged that the subject use the apparatuses for office automation complained of self-consciousness symptoms related to visual symptoms and musculoskeletal symptoms. 2. As for the general feature of examination subjects, the result to see the distribution by classifying into sex, age, school career, use career of apparatuses for office automation, skillfulness degree of the use of apparatus for office automation, use hours of the apparatuses for office automation per 1 day, type of business of the apparatus for office automation, rest hours during the use of apparatus for office automation, satifaction degree of business of office automation, and work circumstance, etc. emerged as follows : As for the sex of subjects, the distribution showed that men were 58.8% and women were 41.3%, Age was average 26.9. As the distribution of school career, the distribution showed that4below the graduation of high school' was 58.8%, 'graduation from junior college-university' was 35.0%, and 'over graduate school' was 6.3%. In the question to ask the existence or non-existence of experience of health consultation in connection with the work of office automation, the response that I had the consultation exprience and I feel the necessity emergerd as 90.1% And, the case that the subject who didn't wear the glasses or lens before using the OA apparatus wear glasses or lens after using OA apparatus emerged as 28.3% of whole. As for the existence or non-existence of use career of OA apparatus, the case under 3 years was highest as 52. 7%. As for the skillfulnness degree about the use of apparatus for office automation, most of them are skillful with the fact that 'common' was 44.4%, 'skill' was 42.5%, and 'unskillful' was 13.1% As for the use average hours of the apparatus for office automation per 1 day, the distribution showed that the case under 3-6 hours was 33.1%, the case under 6-9 hours was 28.1%, the case under 3 hours was 30.6%, and the case over 9 hours was 8.1% Main OA business and the use hours for 1 day showed in the order of keeping and retrieval, business of information transmission(162min), business of information transmission(79.3 min), business of document framing(55.5 min), and business of duplication and printing(25.4min). as for the rest during the use of apparatus for affice automation, that I take rest occasion demands the major portion, but that I take after completing the work emerged as 33.8%. Though the subiness gets to be convenient by the use of the apparatus for of office automation, respondents who showed the dissatisfaction about the present OA business emergd high as 78.1%. The work circumstances of each office was good with the fact that the temperature of office was 21.8, noise was average 42.7db, and the illumination was average 364.4 lx, in the light of ANSi/HFS 100 Standard. 3. Sight syptom, musculoskeletal symptom, skin and other symptoms showed the significant difference according to the extent of skillfulness of the apparatus for office automation. All the symptoms exept skin symptom showed the difference according to the use hours of the apparatus for office automation. All the question items exept the sytoms of digestive organs and the rest hours during the apparatus for office automation showed the signicant difference. The question item which showed the signicant difference from the satisfaction degree of present OA business showed the significant difference from all the question item classified into 6 groups. But, age and school career didn't significant difference from the complaint of any self-consciousness symptoms.

    . In conclusion, the self-consciousness symptoms of the subjects to use OA apparatus appeared differently, according to sex distiction, skillfull degree of OA apparatus, use hours of OA apparatus, the rest hours during th use of OA apparatus, and the satiafaction degree of persent business. Therefore, it is necessary that the nurse in the inuctry field must recognize to receive the education about the human technological physical condition which is most proper for te use of OA apparatus and about the proper rest method until they get accustomed to the use of OA apparatus. In addition, the simple exercise relax the tention of muscle due to the repetitive simple movement, and the education for the protection of eyesight are necessary.

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  • 조선왕조(朝鮮王朝) 왕릉(王陵) 문인석상(文人石像)의 복식형태(服飾形態)에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Costume Style of Civil Servants' Stone Images Erected at Tombs of the Kings for Yi-dynasty)

    • 권용옥
      • 복식
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      • 제4권
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      • pp.87-114
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      • 1981
    • A costume reveals the social characteristics of the era in which it is worn, thus we can say that the history of change of the costume is the history of change of the living culture of the era. Since the Three States era, the costume structure of this country had been affected by the costume system of the China's historical dynasties in the form of the grant therefrom because of geographical conditions, which affection was conspicuous for the bureaucrat class, particularly including but not limited to the Kings' familities. Such a grant of the costume for the bureaucrat class (i.e., official uniform) was first given by the Dang-dynasty at the age of Queen Jinduck, the 28th of the Shilla-dynasty. Since then, the costume for the bureaucrats had consecutively been affected as the ages had gone from the unified Shilla, to the Koryo and to the Yi-dynasty. As the full costumes officially used by government officials (generally called "Baek Gwan") in the Yidynasty, there existed Jo-bok, Gong-bok and Sang-bok. Of such official costumes, Gong-bok was worn at the time of conducting official affairs of the dynasty, making a respectful visit for the expression of thanks or meeting diplomatic missions of foreign countries. It appears no study was made yet with regard to the Gong-bok while the studies on the Jo-bok and the Sangbok were made. Therefore, this article is, by rendering a study and research on the styles of costumes of civil servants' stone images erected at the Kings' tombs of the Yi-dynasty, to help the persons concerned understand the Gong-bok, one of the official costume for Baek Kwan of that age and further purports to specifically identify the styles and changes of the Gong-bok, worn by Baek Gwan during the Yi-dynasty, consisting of the Bok-doo (a hat, four angled and two storied with flat top), Po (gown), Dae (belt), and Hol (small and thin plate which was officially held by the government officials in hand, showing the courtesy to and writing brief memorandums before the King) and Hwa (shoes). For that purpose, I investigated by actually visiting the tombs of the Kings of the Yi-dynasty including the Geonwon-neung, the tomb of the first King Tae-jo and the You-neung, the tomb of the 27th King Soon-jong as well as the tombs of the lawful wives and concubines of various Kings, totalling 29 tombs and made reference to relevant books and records. Pursuant. to this study, of the 29 Kings' tombs the costume styles of civil servants' stone images erected at the 26 Kings' tombs are those of Gong-bok for Baek-gwan of the Yi-dynasty wearing Bok-doo as a hat and Ban-ryeong or Dan-ryenog Po as a gown with Dae, holding Hol in hand and wearing shoes. Other than those of the 26 tombs, the costume styles of the Ryu-neung, the tomb of the Moon-jo who was the first son of 23rd King Soon-jo and given the King's title after he died and of the You-neung, the tomb of the 27th King Soon-jong are those of Jobok with Yang-gwan (a sort of hat having stripes erected, which is different from the Bok-doo), and that of the Hong-neung, the tomb of the 26th King Go-jong shows an exceptional one wearing Yang-gwan and Ban-ryeong Po ; these costume styles other than Gongbok remain as the subject for further study. Gong-bok which is the costume style of civil servants' stone images of most of the Kings' tombs had not been changed in its basic structure for about 500 years of the Yi-dynasty and Koryo categorized by the class of officials pursuant to the color of Po and materials of Dae and Hol. Summary of this costume style follows: (1) Gwan-mo (hat). The Gwan-mo style of civil servants' stone images of the 26 Kings' tombs, other than Ryu-neung, Hong-neung and You-neung which have Yang-gwan, out of the 29 Kings' tombs of the Yi-dynasty reveals the Bok-doo with four angled top, having fore-part and back-part divided. Back part of the Bok-doo is double the fore-part in height. The expression of the Gak (wings of the Bokdoo) varies: the Gyo-gak Bok-doo in that the Gaks, roundly arisen to the direction of the top, are clossed each other (tombs of the Kings Tae-jong), the downward style Jeon-gak Bok-doo in that soft Gaks are hanged on the shoulders (tombs of the Kings Joong-jong and Seong-jong) and another types of Jeon-gak Bok-doo having Gaks which arearisen steeply or roundly to the direction of top and the end of which are treated in a rounded or straight line form. At the lower edge one protrusive line distinctly reveals. Exceptionally, there reveals 11 Yang-gwan (gwan having 11 stripes erected) at the Ryu-neung of the King Moon-jo, 9 Yang-gwan at the Hong-neung of the King Go-jong and 11 Yang-gwan at the You-neung of the King Soon-jong; noting that the Yang-gwan of Baek Kwan, granted by the Myeong-dynasty of the China during the Yi-dynasty, was in the shape of 5 Yang-gwan for the first Poom (class) based on the principle of "Yideung Chaegang" (gradual degrading for secondary level), the above-mentioned Yang-gwans are very contrary to the principle and I do not touch such issue in this study, leaving for further study. (2) Po (gown). (a) Git (collar). Collar style of Po was the Ban-ryeong (round collar) having small neck-line in the early stage and was changed to the Dan-ryeong (round collar having deep neck-line) in the middle of the: dynasty. In the Dan-ryeong style of the middle era (shown at the tomb of the King Young-jo); a, thin line such as bias is shown around the internal side edge and the width of collar became wide a little. It is particularly noted that the Ryu-neung established in the middle stage and the You-neung in the later stage show civil servants in Jo-bok with the the Jikryeong (straight collar) Po and in case of the Hong-neung, the Hong-neung, the tomb of the King Go-jong, civil servants, although they wear Yang-gwan, are in the Ban-ryeong Po with Hoo-soo (back embroidery) and Dae and wear shoes as used in the Jo-bok style. As I could not make clear the theoretical basis of why the civil servants' costume styles revealed, at these tombs of the Kings are different from those of other tombs, I left this issue for further study. It is also noted that all the civil servants' stone images show the shape of triangled collar which is revealed over the Godae-git of Po. This triangled collar, I believe, would be the collar of the Cheomri which was worn in the middle of the Po and the underwear, (b) Sleeve. The sleeve was in the Gwan-soo (wide sleeve) style. having the width of over 100 centimeter from the early stage to the later stage arid in the Doo-ri sleeve style having the edge slightly rounded and we can recognize that it was the long sleeve in view of block fold shaped protrusive line, expressed on the arms. At the age of the King Young-jo, the sleeve-end became slightly narrow and as a result, the lower line of the sleeve were shaped curved. We can see another shape of narrow sleeve inside the wide sleeve-end, which should be the sleeve of the Cheom-ri worn under the Gong-bok. (c) Moo. The Moo revealed on the Po of civil servants' stone images at the age of the King Sook-jong' coming to the middle era. Initially the top of the Moo was expressed flat but the Moo was gradually changed to the triangled shape with the acute top. In certain cases, top or lower part of the Moo are not reveald because of wear and tear. (d) Yeomim. Yeomim (folding) of the Po was first expressed on civil servants' stone images of the Won-neung, the tomb of the King Young-jo and we can seemore delicate expression of the Yeomim and Goreum (stripe folding and fixing the lapel of the Po) at the tomb of the Jeongseong-wanghoo, the wife of the King Young-jo, At the age of the King Soon-jo, we can see the shape of Goreum similar to a string rather than the Goreum and the upper part of the Goreum which fixes Yeomim was expressed on the right sleeve. (3) Dae. Dae fixed on the Po was placed half of the length of Po from the shoulders in the early stage. Thereafter, at the age of the King Hyeon-jong it was shown on the slightly upper part. placed around one third of the length of Po. With regard to the design of Dae, all the civil servants' stone images of the Kings' tombs other than those of the Geonwon-neung of the King Tae-jo show single or double protrusive line expressed at the edge of Dae and in the middle of such lines, cloud pattern, dangcho (a grass) pattern, chrysanthemum pattern or other various types of flowery patterns were designed. Remaining portion of the waist Dae was hanged up on the back, which was initially expressed as directed from the left to the right but thereafter expressed. without orderly fashion,. to the direction of the left from the right and vice versa, Dae was in the shape of Yaja Dae. In this regard, an issue of when or where such a disorderly fashion of the direction of the remaining portion of waist Dae was originated is also presented to be clarified. In case of the Ryuneung, Hong-neung and You-neung which have civil servants' stone images wearing exceptional costume (Jo-bok), waist Dae of the Ryu-neung and Hong-neung are designed in the mixture of dual cranes pattern, cosecutive beaded pattern and chrvsenthemum pattern and that of You-neung is designed in cloud pattern. (4) Hol. Although materials of the Hol held in hand of civil servants' stone images are not identifiable, those should be the ivory Hol as all the Baek Gwan's erected as stone images should be high class officials. In the styles, no significant changes were found, however the Hol's expressed on civil servants' stone images of the Yi-dynasty were shaped in round top and angled bottom or round top and bottom. Parcicularly, at the age of the King Young-jo the Hol was expressed in the peculiar type with four angles all cut off. (5) Hwa (shoes). As the shoes expressed on civil servants' stone images are covered with the lower edges of the Po, the styles thereof are not exactly identifiable. However, reading the statement "black leather shoes for the first class (1 Poom) to ninth class (9 Poom)," recorded in the Gyeongkook Daejon, we can believe that the shoes were worn. As the age went on, the front tips of the shoes were soared and particularly, at the Hong-neung of the King Go-jong the shoes were obviously expressed with modern sense as the country were civilized.

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