• 제목/요약/키워드: within-tree distribution

검색결과 123건 처리시간 0.035초

Genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Cambodian indigenous chickens

  • Ren, Theary;Nunome, Mitsuo;Suzuki, Takayuki;Matsuda, Yoichi
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제35권6호
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    • pp.826-837
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    • 2022
  • Objective: Cambodia is located within the distribution range of the red junglefowl, the common ancestor of domestic chickens. Although a variety of indigenous chickens have been reared in Cambodia since ancient times, their genetic characteristics have yet to be sufficiently defined. Here, we conducted a large-scale population genetic study to investigate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Cambodian indigenous chickens and their phylogenetic relationships with other chicken breeds and native chickens worldwide. Methods: A Bayesian phylogenetic tree was constructed based on 625 mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences, and Bayesian clustering analysis was performed for 666 individuals with 23 microsatellite markers, using samples collected from 28 indigenous chicken populations in 24 provinces and three commercial chicken breeds. Results: A total of 92 haplotypes of mitochondrial D-loop sequences belonging to haplogroups A to F and J were detected in Cambodian chickens; in the indigenous chickens, haplogroup D (44.4%) was the most common, and haplogroups A (21.0%) and B (13.2%) were also dominant. However, haplogroup J, which is rare in domestic chickens but abundant in Thai red junglefowl, was found at a high frequency (14.5%), whereas the frequency of haplogroup E was considerably lower (4.6%). Population genetic structure analysis based on microsatellite markers revealed the presence of three major genetic clusters in Cambodian indigenous chickens. Their genetic diversity was relatively high, which was similar to findings reported for indigenous chickens from other Southeast Asian countries. Conclusion: Cambodian indigenous chickens are characterized by mitochondrial D-loop haplotypes that are common to indigenous chickens throughout Southeast Asia, and may retain many of the haplotypes that originated from wild ancestral populations. These chickens exhibit high population genetic diversity, and the geographical distribution of three major clusters may be attributed to inter-regional trade and poultry transportation routes within Cambodia or international movement between Cambodia and other countries.

Morphological Variations in Tetrapleura tetraptera Taub. (Fabaceae) Fruits and Seed Traits from Lowland Rainforest Zones of Nigeria: A Keystone Non Timber Forest Tree Species in the Tropics

  • Aishat Adeola Olaniyi;Samuel Olalekan Olajuyigbe;Musbau Bayo Olaniyi
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.111-117
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    • 2024
  • An evaluation was carried out on variability in morphology of fruits and seeds (number and weight) of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumach. and Thonn.) Taub. from different populations across its distribution range in Nigeria. Bulk fruit samples were collected and examined for variations in morphological characters. Differences in morphological character of fruits and seeds among the populations were determined using analysis of variance at 5% level of probability. The relationships among morphological characters were determined using Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Significant variations (p<0.05) existed among T. tetraptera populations for all the evaluated characters: fruit length, fruit width, number of seeds per fruit and seed weight. A positive significant strong correlation (r=0.96) was found between seed weight and number of seeds per fruit, while no correlation existed between fruit length, width and number of seeds. Seed weight was positively correlated with minimum altitude (r=0.97) and maximum altitude (r=0.99) of seed populations. Number of seeds was also significantly correlated with maximum altitude (r=0.965). There was no significant correlation between geo-climatic variables and fruit dimensions (length and width). Observed variations in morphological traits within and across populations of T. tetraptera may be used as proxy to estimate genetic diversity and selection of superior trees for improved productivity.

광릉긴나무좀(Coleoptera: Platypodidae)의 수간내 분포와 참나무 피해 (Tree Trunk Level Distribution of Entry Hole by Platypus koryoensis (Coleoptera: Platypodidae) and Its Implication to Tree Damage)

  • 최원일;이정수;최광식;김종국;신상철
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제47권2호
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    • pp.127-131
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    • 2008
  • 참나무시들음병의 매개충인 광릉긴나무좀, Platypus koryoensis(Murayama)은 한국에서 참나무시들음병원균인 Raffaelea sp.를 매개하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 참나무시들음 발병정도는 광릉긴나무좀의 밀도에 의존적인 것으로 추정되고 있다. 이에 (樹幹)내 천공수와 집중도가 참나무 피해정도에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 수락산 피해지에서 고사목 6그루와 피해목 28그루의 신갈나무의 피해정도, 단위면적당 천공수, 천공간 최근거리를 수간의 상부(지표로부터 50cm)와 하부(지표면)에서 조사하였다. 상부와 하부에서의 천공수는 양의 상관을 보였으며 천공간 최근거리 또한 같은 경향을 보였다. 천공수가 증가할수록 수목의 피해도가 심하였으나 수목의 피해도가 심할수록 천공간 최근거리는 감소하였다. 천공의 분포도 수목의 피해도가 증가할수록 집중분포에서 군일분포로 바뀌었다. 광릉긴나무좀이 초기에는 집중적으로 공격을 하나 수간내 밀도가 증가함에 따라 종내경쟁이 일어나고 경쟁의 결과 개체간 간섭현상이 유도되고 천공의 공간적 분포가 균일하게 변환하게 된다는 것을 암시하는 것이다.

Assessment of The Above-Ground Carbon Stock and Soil Physico-Chemical Properties of an Arboretum within The University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

  • Akhabue, Enimhien Faith;Chima, Uzoma Darlington;Eguakun, Funmilayo Sarah
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제37권3호
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    • pp.193-205
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    • 2021
  • The importance of forests and trees in climate change mitigation and soil nutrient cycling cannot be overemphasized. This study assessed the above-ground carbon stock of two exotic and two indigenous tree species - Gmelina arborea, Tectona grandis, Khaya grandifoliola and Nauclea diderrichii and their litter impact on soil nutrient content of an arboretum within the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Data were collected from equal sample plots from the four species' compartments. Tree growth variables including total height, diameter at breast height, crown height, crown diameter and merchantable height were measured for the estimation of above-ground carbon stock. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0-30 cm from each compartment and analyzed for particle size distribution, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases, exchangeable acidity, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, pH, Manganese, Iron, Copper and Zinc. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test for significant difference (p<0.05) in the carbon contents of the four species and the soil nutrient contents of the different species' compartments. Pearson correlation was used to assess the relationships between the carbon contents, growth parameters and soil parameters. The highest and lowest carbon stock per hectare was observed for G. arborea (151.52 t.ha-1) and K. grandifoliola (45.45 t.ha-1) respectively. Cation exchange capacity and base saturation were highest and lowest for soil under G. arborea and K. grandifoliola respectively. The pH was highest and lowest for soil under G. arborea and T. grandis respectively. Carbon stock correlated positively with dbh, crown diameter, merchantable height and Zn and negatively with base saturation. The study revealed that G. arborea and N. diderrichii can effectively be used for reforestation and afforestation programmes aimed at climate change mitigation across Nigeria. Therefore, policies to encourage and enhance their planting should be encouraged.

아까시잎혹파리, Obolodiplosis robiniae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) 연간 밀도변동과 아까시나무 수관 내 분포 (Seasonal Fluctuation and Distribution of Obolodiplosis robiniae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Within Crown of Robinia pseudoacacia (Fabaceae))

  • 이정수;정유미;최광식;김일권;권영대;전문장;신상철;최원일
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제48권4호
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    • pp.447-451
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    • 2009
  • 아까시잎혹파리(Obolodiplosis robiniae(Haldeman))는 아까시나무(Robinia pseudoacacia Linnaeus(Fabaceae)) 잎 가장자리에 혹을 형성하는 혹파리과 해충으로 북미대륙 동부가 원산으로 국내와 일본에 2002년 유입되었음이 보고되었다. 본 연구는 아까시잎혹파리의 계절별 밀도변동과 수관 내 분포를 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 밀도조사는 경기도 오산시 수청동과 시흥시 대야동의 아까시숲에서 5월부터 8월까지 조사되었으며 아까시잎혹파리 밀도는 잎당 유충수를 기준으로 추정되었다. 아까시잎혹파리 세대 수는 지역별로 차이가 있어, 오산에서는 3세대, 시흥에서는 2세대가 관찰되어 국내에서는 최대 3세대가 발생할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 오산지역 아까시나무내 아까시잎혹파리 유충 밀도분포는 수관 상부가 수관 중간 부분과 하부보다 높았다. 시흥지역 아까시나무의 수관 하부 바깥쪽 밀도가 안쪽보다 높았다. 아까시잎혹파리의 혹 당 유충수는 오산, 시흥에서 각각 $3.3{\pm}0.1$, $2.8{\pm}0.1$ 마리였다.

Evaluation of Genetic Differentiation of Albizia lucida Populations from Eastern Region of the Indian Sub-continent by ISSR Markers

  • Aparajita, Subhashree;Rout, G.R.
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.27-34
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    • 2008
  • Level and distribution of genetic diversity in seven populations of Albizia lucida Benth. in eastern region of the Indian sub-continent were estimated using ISSR markers. Relatively higher level of genetic diversity within populations was observed in seven populations of A. lucida (mean of 0.38). From the result of AMOVA, majority of genetic diversity was allocated within populations (96.2%) resulting in a moderate degree of population differentiation. The observed distribution pattern of I-SSR variant among the populations was coincided with the typical pattern of long-lived woody tree species. Genetic relationships among the populations, reconstructed by UPGMA method, revealed two genetic groups. The population of Anugul and Bargarh turned out to be the most closely related despite a distance location between them. These formations will be of great value in the development of conservation plans for species exhibiting high levels of genetic differentiation due to fragmentation, such as indication of conservation unit size, which populations should be chosen as priority in conservation plans and which samples should be introduced in areas with a low number of individuals of A. lucida.

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사방시공지(砂防施工地)에 있어서 리기다소나무의 수근(樹根)의 분포(分布)에 미치는 토양견밀도(土壤堅密度)의 영향(影響) (Effects of Soil Hardness on the Root Distribution of Pinus rigida Mill. Planted in Association with Sodding Works on the Denuded Land)

  • 조희두
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제56권1호
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    • pp.66-76
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    • 1982
  • 사방시공지(砂防施工地)에 널리 조림(造林)되는 리기다소나무의 근계분포(根系分布)와 토양(土壤)의 견밀도(堅密度)의 관계(関係)를 구명(究明)하고자 표본지(標本地)를 선정(選定) 대표목(代表木)의 경사하측(傾斜下側)에 환상(環状)의 토양단면(土壤斷面)을 만들어 각토층별(各土層別)로 토양경도(土壤硬度)를 산중식(山中式) Soil hardness tester로 측정(測定)하고 수근(樹根) (중세근(中細根))의 분포(分布)를 조사(調査)하여 분포(分布)한바 다음과 같이 요약(要約)할 수 있었다. 1) 토양(土壤)의 견밀도(堅密度)는 토심(土深)이 깊어짐에 따라 점차(漸次) 증가(增加)하여 평균(平均) 지표경도(指標硬度)는 I층(層)에서 14.6mm II층(層)에서 16.2mm, III층(層) 17.2mm, IV층(層)에서는 18.3mm, V층(層)에서는 19.8mm였다. 2) 수근(樹根) (중세근(中細根))은 표층(表層)에 이를수록 많이 분포(分布)하여 토층(土層)이 깊어짐에 따라 그 수(數)가 감소(減少)하여 I층(層) 수근(樹根)의 수(數)를 1(31%)로 할때 II층(層)은 0.84(26%), III층(層)은 0.6(18%), IV층(層)은 0.4(12%), V층(層)도 0.4(13%)이다. 3) 토양(土壤)의 견밀도(堅密度)와 수근(樹根)의 분포(分布)는 음(陰)의 상관관계(相関関係)에 있어 견밀도(堅密度)가 높아지면 이에따라 수근(樹根) 수(數)는 감소(減少)한다. 각(各) 토층별(土層別) 토양(土壤)의 견밀도(堅密度)와 수근분포(樹根分布)의 상관계수(相関係数)는 I층(層)은 -0.3875, II층(層)은 -0.5299, III층(層)은 -0.5573, IV층(層)은 -0.6922, V층(層)은 -0.7325, 전체평균(全体平均)은 -0.9469로서 모두 유의적(有意的)이었다. 4) 리기다소나무의 수근(樹根) (중세근(中細根))의 성장(成長)에 최적합(最適合)한 토양(土壤)의 견밀도(堅密度)는 지표경도(指標硬度)는 12.0~14.9mm로서 이 계급(階級)에 속(屬)하는 지표경도(指標硬度)는 33%이고 수근(樹根)의 분포(分布)는 41.8%이다. 또 지표경도(指標硬度) 20.9mm까지는 82%이나 수근(樹根) 93.2%가 분포(分布)하고 있어 지표경도(指標硬度) 20.9mm이하(以下)까지가 리기다소나무의 수근(樹根)의 생장(生長)에 적합(適合)하다고 사료(思料)된다.

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비자나무 집단(集團)에서의 I-SSR 변이체(變異體)의 다양성(多樣性) (Diversity of I-SSR Variants in the Populations of Torreya nucifera)

  • 홍용표;조경진;김용률;신은명;표선경
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제89권2호
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    • pp.167-172
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    • 2000
  • 국내 5개 지역에서 채집한 비자나무(Torreya nucifera Siev. et Zucc.) 95개체를 대상으로 I-SSR 표지자를 분석하였다. 총 62개의 I-SSR 증폭산물(增幅産物)이 관찰되었으며, 그 중 7개의 증폭산물(增幅産物)은 분석된 95개 개체에서 단형성(單形性)이었다. 관찰된 전체 I-SSR 증폭산물(增幅産物)을 통합(統合)하여 분석한 결과 개체목에 대한 DNA지방판별(指放判別)이 가능하였다. 대부분의 유전다양성(遺傳多樣性)이 임분(林分)내의 개체목 간에 존재하는 것으로 나타났고(90.65%), 전체 5개 임분(林分)에서 유사한 수준의 유전다양성(遺傳多樣性)을 보였다. 집단간의 유전적(遺傳的) 분화(分化)정도는 심하지 않았다(${\phi}_{ST}=9.35%$). UPGMA법에 의한 유집분석(類集分析) 결과 각 집단의 유전적(遺傳的) 유연관계(類緣關係)는 임분(林分)의 지리적(地理的) 분포양상(分布樣相)과 일치(一致)하지 않았으며, 각 교점(交點)의 형성(形成)에 있어서 통계적 유의성이 없었고 따라서 전체 집단들이 유전적(遺傳的)으로 크게 분화(分化)되지 않았음을 알 수 있었다.

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Distribution of Organic Carbon in Pitch Pine Plantation in Kongju, Korea

  • Han, A-Reum;Mun, Hyeong-Tae
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.27-31
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    • 2009
  • Organic carbon (OC) distribution in 32-year-old pitch pine plantation at Mt. Hotae in Kongju, Korea, was studied from August 2007 to July 2008. In order to investigate the OC distribution, OC in plant biomass, litterfall, litter layer on forest floor, and soil within 50cm depth were estimated. The density of P. rigida plantation was 3,200 trees/ha, average DBH was $18.7{\pm}5.53cm$ and average tree height was $11.1{\pm}1.85m$. Organic carbon stored in plant biomass, litterlayer on forest floor and soil in 2008 was 89.46 ton C/ha (46.09%), 4.32 ton C/ha (2.23%) and 100.32 ton C $ha^{-1}$ 50cm-$depth^{-1}$ (51.68%), respectively. Amount of OC returned to forest floor via litterfall was 2.21 ton C $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. Total amount of OC stored in this P. rigida plantation was 194.1 ton C/ha. Net increase of OC in above- and below-ground biomass in this pitch pine plantation was 4.82 ton C $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$.

Stand Structure of the Natural Broadleaved-Korean Pine Forests in Northeast China

  • Li, Fengri;Ma, Zhihai
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제94권5호통권162호
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    • pp.321-329
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    • 2005
  • Based on the data representing four typical Korean pine forest types, the age structure, DBH distribution, species composition, and forking rule were systemically analyzed for old-growth Korean pine forest in Liangshui Nature Reserve, northeast China. The age structure of Korean pine trees was strongly uneven-aged with one dominated peak following normal distribution, and age of trees varied from 100 to 180 years within a stand. The DBH and height differences in same age class (20 years) varied from 28 cm~64 cm and 5 to 20 m, respectively. Many conifer and hard wood species, such as spruce, fir, costata birch, basswood, oak, and elm, were mixed with dominated trees of Korean pine. The canopy of the old-growth Korean pine forest can be divided into two layers, and differences of mean age and height between Layer I and Layer II were ranged 80~150 years and 7~13 m, respectively. The Weibull function was used to model the diameter distribution and performed well to describe size-class distribution either with a single peak in over-story canopy and inverse J-shape in under-story canopy for old-growth Korean pine stands. The forking height of Korean pine trees ranged from 16m to 24 m (mean 19.4 m) and tree age about 120 to 160 years old. The results will provide a scientific basis to protect and recover the ecosystem of natural old-growth Korean pine and also provide the model in management of Korean pine plantation.