Animal Bioscience

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
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Genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Cambodian indigenous chickens

  • Ren, Theary (General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, National Animal Health and Production Research Institute) ;
  • Nunome, Mitsuo (Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University) ;
  • Suzuki, Takayuki (Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University) ;
  • Matsuda, Yoichi (Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University)
  • Received : 2021.08.01
  • Accepted : 2021.11.29
  • Published : 2022.06.01
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Abstract

Objective: Cambodia is located within the distribution range of the red junglefowl, the common ancestor of domestic chickens. Although a variety of indigenous chickens have been reared in Cambodia since ancient times, their genetic characteristics have yet to be sufficiently defined. Here, we conducted a large-scale population genetic study to investigate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Cambodian indigenous chickens and their phylogenetic relationships with other chicken breeds and native chickens worldwide. Methods: A Bayesian phylogenetic tree was constructed based on 625 mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences, and Bayesian clustering analysis was performed for 666 individuals with 23 microsatellite markers, using samples collected from 28 indigenous chicken populations in 24 provinces and three commercial chicken breeds. Results: A total of 92 haplotypes of mitochondrial D-loop sequences belonging to haplogroups A to F and J were detected in Cambodian chickens; in the indigenous chickens, haplogroup D (44.4%) was the most common, and haplogroups A (21.0%) and B (13.2%) were also dominant. However, haplogroup J, which is rare in domestic chickens but abundant in Thai red junglefowl, was found at a high frequency (14.5%), whereas the frequency of haplogroup E was considerably lower (4.6%). Population genetic structure analysis based on microsatellite markers revealed the presence of three major genetic clusters in Cambodian indigenous chickens. Their genetic diversity was relatively high, which was similar to findings reported for indigenous chickens from other Southeast Asian countries. Conclusion: Cambodian indigenous chickens are characterized by mitochondrial D-loop haplotypes that are common to indigenous chickens throughout Southeast Asia, and may retain many of the haplotypes that originated from wild ancestral populations. These chickens exhibit high population genetic diversity, and the geographical distribution of three major clusters may be attributed to inter-regional trade and poultry transportation routes within Cambodia or international movement between Cambodia and other countries.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We express our sincere gratitude to Toshiharu Tanaka and Il-Ryong Choi (Cambodia Campus, Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya University), Vutha Pheng (Cambodia Campus, Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya University, and National Institute of Agriculture and Technology Prek Leap, Phnom Penh, Cambodia), and Sotaro Chiba (Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University) for supporting our study. We also express our appreciation to the National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Cambodia, and the staffs of the Animal Health and Production offices in the 24 provinces in Cambodia for arranging sample collection and the farmers who provided chicken blood samples.

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