• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.29-39
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• 2012

Window and shading designs have a great influence on energy consumption and daylighting in buildings. As far as energy is concerned, small window area is advantageous. But it is not good to the patient healing in hospital. So it is important to find out the optimum window shape which is favorable for both energy consumption and patient healing. In this study, annual energy consumption and daylight illumination levels were analyzed according to the window shapes and shading devices for a multi-beded patient room in hospitals. The simulations were conducted for 19 different cases by COMFEN 4.0 computer simulation program. The results of this paper are as follows. First, window to wall area ratio and shading devices have great influences on annual energy consumption. But it is a problem in that they decrease significantly daylight level in bed room. Second, considering the same energy consumption, reducing the width of window rather than the hight of window is desirable for the secure of daylight level. Third, increase of the number of horizontal shade is not desirable in south face of the building for the energy consumption and daylight level. Fourth, sun shade is not necessary in north face of the building for the energy consumption and daylight level.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2005

Both theoretical and experimental investigations were conducted to analyze defrosting behavior of a window heater operating in the low outdoor temperature($-20^{\circ}C$). To achieve this purpose, first a warm-chamber experiment($23^{\circ}C$) was performed to measure inner and outer surface temperature of the rear window(heated by the electric heater supplying 195 W) as functions of both time and position. Secondly, a cold chamber experiment was made to continuously record defrosting process of the frosted window. From the comparisons of the two experimental results, it was found that there was a similarity between the spatial distributions of both temperature and remaining frost. Thus, the temperature data from the warm-chamber experiments can be utilized to predict an expected zone covered with remaining frosts, and this approach can also be adopted in the inspection process in order to economically guarantee optimized performance of the window heater. Finally, an analytical model based on one-dimensional, steady-state heat transfer theories was proposed and successfully predicted the outer surface temperature of the rear window surrounded by cold air($-20^{\circ}C$) for the given operating conditions(heater power, inside and outside heat transfer coefficients, and surrounding air temperature, etc.).

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.631-642
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• 2017

Accurate actuator tracking plays an important role in real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) to ensure accurate and reliable experimental results. Frequency-domain evaluation index (FEI) interprets actuator tracking into amplitude and phase errors thus providing a promising tool for quantitative assessment of real-time hybrid simulation results. Previous applications of FEI successfully evaluated actuator tracking over the entire duration of the tests. In this study, FEI with moving window technique is explored to provide post-experiment localized actuator tracking assessment. Both moving window with and without overlap are investigated through computational simulations. The challenge is discussed for Fourier Transform to satisfy both time domain and frequency resolution for selected length of moving window. The required data window length for accuracy is shown to depend on the natural frequency and structural nonlinearity as well as the ground motion input for both moving windows with and without overlap. Moving window without overlap shows better computational efficiency and has potential for future online evaluation. Moving window with overlap however requires much more computational efforts and is more suitable for post-experiment evaluation. Existing RTHS data from Network Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) is utilized to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. It is demonstrated that with proper window size, FEI with moving window techniques enable accurate localized evaluation of actuator tracking for real-time hybrid simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.67-72
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to evaluate how much would the building energy consumption be saved by applying DSSC BIPV window which is possible to control the transmittance and express the color in the office building. For this, physical characteristics such as transmittance and reflectance, U-factor of DSSC areanalyzed and an annual energy consumption that is connected to dimming control is calculated when DSSC BIPV window is applied by alternate clear window system. As a result, It is possible to reduce the anannual energy consumption as much as4.1% by just change the clear double window system to DSSC BIPV double window system because the major factor to reduce energy consumption in the office that has much cooling load than other building is SHGC. When the thermal insulation properties of DSSC BIPV window with low-e coating and making triple window are improved, energy saving ratio is about 9%. Plus, energy saving ratio of 25~28% in lighting energy consumption is possible when the dimming control system with DSSC BIPV window is adopt.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Generally, the building's windows and ventilation for the purpose of mining and the vista and windows by emotional engineering design area is a growing trend.In addition, the building regulation U-value limitation of window is $3.3W/m^2{\cdot}K$ in southern regions, while U-value limitation of wall is $0.35{\sim}0.58W/m^2{\cdot}K$. It means that the energy loss through windows is six times more than it through wall. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the environmental performance of the super window system by verification experiment. The results of this study are as follows; 1) The insulation performance of super window system is $1.44\;W/m^2^{\circ}C$ 2) Super Window compared to a normal window reduce heating energy requirements have been 5.3% 3) Compared to a normal window, Super window savings rate was 4.1% lower 4) Building energy efficiency rating was up to 1 rating from 2 rating.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.46-54
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• 2015

SAR is a Radar to obtain the video information using a radio wave. Platform emit the radio wave, depending backscattered waves returned from the target object the signal to the distance, to create a topographical map is recorded in two-dimensional image. In this paper, through a simulation to apply a variety of window in the SAR image processing for SAR image recovery is to study the application effect of the window, as a result, at the side of the signal of the SNR, Flattop window to improve the best performance it was confirmed to show.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.747-756
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• 1997

Wigner-Ville distribution which is a time-frequency analysis has a fatal drawback, when the signal has multiple components. This is the cross-talk and often causes a neagative value in the distribution. Wingner-Ville distriution is an expression of power, therefore the cross-talk must be avoided. Smoothing the Wigner-Ville distribution by convoluting it with a window, is most commonly used to reduce the cross-talk. There can be infinite number of distributions depending on the windows. But, the smoothing reduces resolution in time-frequency plane; this motives to design a more effective window in reducing cross-talk while remaining resolution. The domain in which the cross-talk and legitimate components can be easily distinguished, is the ambiguity function. In the ambiguity function domain, the legitimate components appear as linear lines passing through the orgine. But, the cross-talk is widely distributes in the ambiguity function plane. Based on the relative distributions of cross-talk and legitimate components, rotating window can be designed to minimize cross-talk. Applying the rotating window to the ambiguity function corresponds to smoothing the Wigner-Ville distribution. Therefore, the effects of rotating window is estimated in terms of the bias error due to smooting the Wigner-Ville distribution. By applying the rotating window, not only the Wigner-Ville distribution but also its properties are changed. The properties of the new distribution are checked, in order to complete analyzing the rotating window.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.857-862
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• 2008

Window is the most demanding design component in the building design. Recently, window area in the building surface has been increased significantly in the office building. As window area increased significantly, however, the thermal load has been increased significantly due to lack of thermal performance of the outside wall. In this paper, we discussed the energy consumption of the buildings according to window area ratio. Two types of building for energy consumption analysis were made by Designbuilder v.1.4 and Energyplus v.2.0. Window area ratio was five different types ($30%{\sim}70%$) in each building. As a result, the cooling energy consumption has been decreased as window area decreased in each building. Whereas the heating energy consumption has been increased window area decreased.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.123-128
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• 2012

A window increases the lighting quality of a space by allowing daylight into the space, and maintains visual contact with the outside. Moreover, the window with a preferred view provides many benefits such as psychological satisfaction, occupants' health and improved environmental quality. This study aimed to investigate how view elements and window luminance influence occupants' seating preference in a living room. The experiment was carried out in a mock-up model with thirty-two subjects (17 men and 15 women). The nine seating positions in a living room have different view such as natural view (trees or sky) and man-made view (paving and roof top). Subjects were asked to select a position in the room where they felt most visual comfort. Simultaneously Photolux 2.1 software was used to analyze the window luminance. The experiment results indicated that subjects prefer to be seated near a window and feel comfort in a seating overlooking the trees and sky. This would indicate that the natural elements of the view and a distance to the window affect seating preference to the occupants.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.10A
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• pp.1492-1498
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• 2000

Pilot symbol aided modulation (PSAM) using the conventional sinc interpolation (CSI) achieves nearly the same BER performance as Caver' optimal Wiener interpolation but with much less complexity. The CSI, however, has to use a non-rectangular window function that is applied to the sinc function to smooth out the abrupt truncation of rectangular window. In this paper, we propose the modified sinc interpolation (MSI). With the weighting factor the MSI scheme with no window has almost the same BER performance as the CSI scheme using window, In addition, if we use the MSI with a window its BER performance gets close to that of the theoretical one. We assume the multicarrier QAM system and an optimal frame structure for performance evaluation.