• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 2008

Objective : We investigated the effects of distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture on autonomic nervous system with the Heart Rate Variability(HRV) in adult man. as well as we tried to observe how distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture on the balance of the autonomic nervous system. Method : We investigated the effects of distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture on autonomic nervous system with the Heart Rate Variability(HRV) in adult man. as well as we tried to observe how distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture on the balance of the autonomic nervous system. 1 healthy volunteers consisted of 31 subjects in experiment(distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture) group and 30 subjects in control(Normal Saline) group. Study form was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. 31 subjects in experiment group were injected distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture at $GB_{21}$(Kyonjong) and 30 subjects in control group were injected Normal Saline at $GB_{21}$(Kyonjong). except of 2 subjects(in control group) who can't be measured and 11 subjects(7 in experiment group and 4 in control group) who move or make unforceable error during measuring. Finally 24 subject in experiment group and 24 subject in control group are studied. We measured HRV by PolyG-I on 7 times : before and after injection per 5 minutes during 30 minutes. The SPSS 10.0 for windows was used to analyze the data and the paired t-test(in group) and Student t-test(between two groups) were used to verify the result. Result : 1. After distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture injection, Mean HRV is significantly low only for first 5 minute, SDNN is significantly high after 5 minute, Complexity is significantly low after 5 minute, HRV index is significantly high after 10 minute and pNN50 is significantly low after 5 minute. 2. SDNN of distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture Group significantly increased from 20minute to 25minute, and pNN50 of distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture Group significantly decreased from 10minute to 15minute and 20 minute to 30 minute compared with those of Normal Saline group. 3. After distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture injection, Ln(TP), Ln(VLF) and Ln(LF) are significantly high after 5 minute, normalized LF is significantly high after 5 minute and normalized HF is significantly low after 5 minute. 4. Ln(TP) and Ln(VLF) of distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture Group significantly increased from 20minute to 25 minute compared with those of Normal Saline group. Conclusion : The results suggest that distilled Wild Ginseng Herbal Acupuncture in healthy adult man tend to activate the autonomic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system compared to Normal Saline within normal range.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 2008

We compared the morphological characters and stable isotopes of seeds of wild simulated ginseng with those of cultivated field ginseng. Seeds were collected from ten areas for wild simulated ginseng and two areas for cultivated field ginseng. The length, width, thickness and number of seeds per gram were measured and the ratio of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen was analysed as well. There was a overlapping variation of morphological characters and the ratio of stable isotope of the wild simulated ginseng among study areas. In Geumsan area, compared with the seed of cultivated field ginseng, the seed of wild simulated ginseng was significantly small and light, and the ${\delta}^{15}N$(‰) of wild simulated ginseng was lower than that of cultivated field ginseng. However, it is somewhat impossible to compare the regional variation of the unique value of ${\delta}^{15}N$(‰) among study areas of wild simulated ginseng. We can suggest the value of ${\delta}^{15}N$(‰) can be used as detection factor for cultivation regime like chemical fertilization and organic farming.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.4
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• pp.59-102
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• 2022

Since there were only few countries that could find wild ginseng grown in nature, the culture of digging wild ginseng was only developed in a small number of countries. In a time when the orthodox head-Simmemani has disappeared, the tangible and intangible culture of Simmemani (wild ginseng digger) is disappearing more and more with the passage of time. So far, the conducted research on wild ginseng diggers was very partial and simplistic as follows: ① Research on the argot of Simmemani, ② Research on the customs of Simmemani, ③ Research on the change of customs of Simmemani, ④ Additional records through interview with Simmemani. Accordingly, no comprehensive study on the Simmemani culture has been done yet. This study supplements the historical materials that were not reflected in previous studies, and discuss on diverse subjects including the definition and classification of wild ginseng, the distribution of wild ginseng and Simmemani, interpretation of wild ginseng digging from a legal and social point of view, the organization responsible for the digging, determination of the date of entering the mountain, preparations, taboos, departure and entry into a mountain, religious events, psalmbook, dream interpretation, search and discovery of wild ginseng, digging, profit sharing, the amount of harvested wild ginseng, and the price of wild ginseng. In addition, Korean wild ginseng digging culture was comprehensively studied by attaching the photos and illustrations of historical documents with the psalmbook of the head-Simmemani.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.7 no.1 s.12
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• pp.15-26
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• 2004

Background : This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of wild ginseng herbal acupuncture developed for the intravenous use. Healthy male and female volunteers(n=57) went through Randomized Control Trials(RCT). Methods : For those who are under a medication due to common cold or other illnesses were excluded in the primary stage and the subjects with possible abnormalities in the pre-screening process were also excluded in the secondary stage. Then the examination groups were determined by random sampling. Experiment groups were divided into Normal saline injection group(control group), cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture group(experiment group 1) and natural wild ginseng herbal acupuncture group(experiment group 2) Blood tension, body temperature, pulse, and other criteria were measured and analyzed. Results : 1. Intravenous injection of cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture and natural wild ginseng herbal acupuncture didn't cause significant changes in the blood tension, pulse, body temperature, and etc. 2. No significant differences were witnessed in CBC, ESR, biochemistry of blood test and UA between the experiment groups. 3. No significant changes were noted in the thermography before and after the test in the experiment groups. 4. Some of the common physical changes occurring during and after the administration were fatigue, chest distension, and headache in all of the experiment groups. 5. Comparing general condition after one week from the termination of administration, the control group showed worst condition while as the natural wild ginseng herbal acupuncture group displayed best condition. Conclusion : From the above results, we can carefully deduce that the intravenous injection of the wild ginseng herbal acupuncture didn't show significant differences compared to injection of the normal saline. We can infer it is safe on the human body and further studies and reports must be followed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.5
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• pp.568-575
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• 2009

Korean wild and forest cultivated ginseng has long been accepted as high medicinal values compared to field cultivated ginseng. Owing to the high price of Korean wild ginseng, Chinese wild and forest cultivated ginseng were smuggled and sold as Korean wild and forest cultivated ginseng. Therefore, an efficient method is required to distinguish Korean ginseng from Chinese ginseng. Microsatellites, simple sequence repeats (SSRs), are highly polymorphic loci present in DNA that consist of repeating units of base pairs. Thus SSR markers are highly advantageous for detection of small genetic variances of intra-species. In the present study, we constructed a microsatellite-enriched genomic library from South Korean wild Panax ginseng. After sequence analysis of 992 randomly picked positive colonies, 126 (12.7%) of the colonies were found to contain microsatellite sequences, and 38 primer pairs were designed. By polymorphism assessment using 36 primer pairs, 4 primers (PG409, PG450, PG491, and PG582) were shown to be polymorphic to distinguish the South Korean ginseng from the Chinese ginseng. These 4 microsatellite markers will provide powerful tools to authenticate South Korean ginseng from Chinese ginseng.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.9 no.3 s.21
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• pp.117-129
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study was to find optimal conditions for producing red ginseng from cultivated wild ginseng using the Turbo Mill. Methods : Characteristics of powdered cultivated wild ginseng based on various temperature settings of the Turbo Mill were observed, and changes in the content was measured by HPLC for various ginsenosides. Results : 1. The diameter of cultivated wild ginseng powder ground by the Turbo Mill was around 10${\mu}m$. 2. As the temperature rose, pressure, Specific Mechanical Energy(SME), and density decreased, whileas Water Solubility Index(WSI) increased. 3. As the temperature rose, super fine powder showed tendency to turn into dark brown. 4. Measuring content changes by HPLC, there was no detection of ginsenoside Rg3 and ginsenosideRg1, Rb1, and Rh2 concentrations decreased with increase in temperature. Conclusions : Super fine powder of cultivated wild ginseng produced by the Turbo Mill promotes easy absorption of effective ingredients by breaking the cell walls. Using this mechanism to produce red ginseng from cultivated wild ginseng, it yielded less than satisfactory results under the current experiment setup. Further researches are needed to verify more suitable condition for the production of red ginseng.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2003

Established cell-line cultures of cultured and wild mountain ginseng were characterized and their abilities to produce ginsenoside were determined. Cell lines were made of calli induced from the roots of wild mountain ginseng and cultured ginseng(Panax ginseng). Suspension cultures of wild mountain ginseng and cultured ginseng showed different growth and ginsenoside production rate. Their specific growth rates were 0.067 and 0.0035 day-1 in spite of having the same sugar consumption rates, where cells from wild mountain ginseng grew almost twice as fast as those of cultured ginseng. Their respective abilities to produce ginsenoside, however, were 0.53 and 2.53 mg/L.day, which means cells from cultured ginseng produced around 5 times more than wild mountain ginseng.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.29-35
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• 2007

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of cultivated wild ginseng extract on primary cultured preadipocyte and adipocytes. Methods Diminish preadipocyte proliferation does primary role to reduce obesity. So, preadipocytes and adipocytes were performed on cell cultures with using Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with 0.01-1mg/ml cultivated wild ginseng extract. Result At all concentrations, cultivated wild ginseng extract wasn't show the suppress proliferation of preadipocytes significantly and failed to show effects on decomposition of adipocytes except high dosage. Conclusion Based on these findings, cultivated wild ginseng is not a suitable choice for the treatment of localized obesity.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review the studies of the wild ginseng complex pharmacopuncture related to obesity treatment. Methods: We searched the papers with key words of 'wild ginseng complex pharmacopuncture', 'wild ginseng pharmacopuncture', 'obesity', 'fat', 'weight' in Oriental medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, KRpia, Koreanstudies Information Service System, Research Information Sharing Service, KoreaMed and PubMed, Scopus. We classified the papers by year, content and study type. Results: There were 7 studies about the wild ginseng pharmacopuncture related to obesity treatment. Cell studies were excluded because they were not related to obesity. Analysis of 3 animal experiments and 4 clinical studies were conducted to describe each research subject, method, and research results. Conclusion: More interest and further research will be needed on wild ginseng pharmacopuncture related to obesity treatment in the Korean medicine to achieve clinical application and to develop treatment protocols for the obesity disease.

• Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2003

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) is herbaceous perennial plants indigenous to North American forests. This is highly valued as medicinal herbs with a long history of collection from wild populations since 1716. Wild American ginseng distributed from Quebec in Canada to northern Florida in USA. A heavy concentration is found in the Appalachian mountains, although wild American ginseng is considered endangered. The price paid for field cultivated ginseng has dropped dramatically in the past 10 years, while the price for wild or woods cultivated ginseng has rised significantly. The price curve for ginseng resembles a roller coaster, reflecting not only supply and demand but many other factors. This information will be useful to understand American ginseng compared to Korean ginseng.