• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2019

Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) is an edible wild mushroom with tough fruiting body that belongs to the family Polyporaceae. It is used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of ulcer, anaemia, cough and fever. Recent studies have demonstrated its anticancer, anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties. However, little or no information is available regarding the bioactive components and toxicological study of wild dried L. squarrosulus. Therefore, this study investigated the bioactive components of aqueous extract of boiled wild dried L. squarrosulus and its toxicological effects in rats. The extract of L. squarrosulus was subjected to GC-MS analysis. The acute toxicity test was performed by oral administration of a single dose of up to 5,000 mg/kg extract of L. squarrosulus. In subacute study, the rats were orally administered extract of L. squarrosulus at the doses of 500, 1,000 and 1,500 mg/kg body weight daily for 14 days. The haematological, lipid profile, liver and kidney function parameters were determined and the histopathology of the liver and kidney were examined. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds; 1-tetradecene, fumaric acid, monochloride, 6-ethyloct-3-yl ester, 9-eicosene, phytol, octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine and 3-trifluoroacetoxypentadecane. In acute toxicity study, neither death nor toxicity sign was recorded. In the sub-acute toxicity study, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed on creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Whilst no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed on packed cell volume, heamoglobin, red blood cell, white blood cell and alkaline phosphatase, in all the tested doses. No histopathological alterations were recorded. Our findings revealed that aqueous extract of L. squarrosulus may have antimicrobial, antinocieptive and antioxidant properties based on the result of GC-MS analysis. Results of the toxicity test showed no deleterious effect at the tested doses, suggesting that L. squarrosulus is safe for consumption at the tested doses.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2017

The present study was performed to record new definitive hosts of Isthmiophora hortensis, and to describe morphological characteristics derived from a variety of worm samples for clarification of its taxonomic validity. Morphological characteristics with dimensions were observed in worm samples (n=21) from naturally infected wild animals, including a raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides from Gimhae-si (City), Gyeongsangnam-do, stray cats and a striped field mouse from several localities, and a wild boar Sus scrofa, from Gurye-gun (County), Jeollanam-do. In addition, adult flukes (n=45) recovered in albino rats experimentally infected with the metacercariae from a freshwater fish species were also subjected to morphological studies. The mean ratios of the body length (BL) to body width (BW) were 5.86 and 5.76 in worms from wild animals and experimental rats, respectively. Those of the ventral sucker to oral sucker were 2.92 and 3.01 in worms from 2 groups. The mean percentages of the hindbody length (HBL) to BL were 42.1 and 41.2 in 2 groups. Those of uterine fields to BL were 9.8 and 12.2 in the 2 worm groups. By the present study, the 2 species of wild animals, the raccoon dog and wild boar, have been added as new definitive hosts for I. hortensis. The morphological characteristics of adult flukes derived from a variety of host source were redescribed to support the taxonomic validity of this echinostome species.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2018

Background: The use of different methods for the processing of ginseng can result in alterations in its medicinal properties and efficacy. White ginseng (WG), frozen ginseng (FG), and red ginseng (RG) are produced using different methods. WG, FG, and RG possess different pharmacological properties. Methods: WG, FG, and RG extracts and pure ginsenosides were administered to rats to study the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution characteristics of the following ginsenosides-DRg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd. The concentrations of the ginsenosides in the plasma and tissues were determined using UPLC-MS/MS. Results: The rate and extent of absorption of Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd appeared to be affected by the different methods used in processing the ginseng samples. The areas under the plasma drug concentration-time curves (AUCs) of Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd were significantly higher than those of the pure ginsenosides. In addition, the AUCs of Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd were different for WG, FG, and RG. The amounts of Rg1, Re, Rd, and Rb1 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the tissues than those of the pure ginsenosides. The amounts of Re, Rb1, and Rd from the RG extract were significantly higher than those from the WG and FG extracts in the heart, lungs, and kidneys of the rats. Conclusion: Our results show that the use of different methods to process ginseng might affect the pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of ginseng as well as the tissue concentrations of Rg1, Re, Rd, and Rb1.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2009

This study is to find out the antioxidative effect and serum and liver lipid composition of wild grape juice in vivo. Forty 6-week-old white Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups such as normal lipid group, normal lipid group with wild grape juice, oxidized lipid (basic diet plus 10% of oxidative lipid) group and oxidized lipid group with wild grape juice, and 2ml juice was provided everyday. After 4 weeks of feeding with experimental diet each groups were examined for the antioxidant enzyme activity in blood and liver microsome and their serum and liver lipid composition. Glutanthione peroxidase activity in blood was significantly higher in oxidized lipid group with wild grape juice than in oxidized lipid group. Glutanthione peroxidase activity showed no difference depending on wild grape juice supplementation. Glutanthione peroxidase activity in liver was significantly higher in the groups with wild grape juice than in the groups supplemented only with oxidized lipid. Glutanthione reductase activity showed no difference depending on the supplementation of wild grape juice. Serum triglyceride level in the group supplemented with oxidized lipid diet and wild grape juice showed similar value to the normal lipid group and the normal lipid group with wild grape juiceoxidized fa6. Liver total lipid in the group supplemented with oxidized lipid and wild grape juice showed similar value to the normal lipid group and the group supplemented with normal lipid and wild grape juice. And it was lower than that of oxidative lipid group without juice. The liver triglyceride level in the group supplemented with normal lipid and wild grape juice was lower than that in the oxidative lipid group, but it was as low as in the group supplemented only with normal lipid.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.201-208
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• 1992

Wild rats inhabiting pundang area where urbanized since 1989 were there species including apodemus agrarius. amoung them, a. agrarius was dominant as shown in other areas of korea. They were captured much more 85.00$\pm$9.46 per ha., 64.40$\pm$7.50 per ha. respectively in may and August than inother seasons all through the year. The proportion of female and male was in the ratio of 2 to 1 regardless of the season and habitat, and this species was inhabiting more at oak forest community in summer and at hill-upland boundary in winter than at other habitats in the same season. The change of environment by new urbanizing did not affect in density of wild rats. In general, seasonal percentage of capture in different habitats inceased in accordance with high density.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.600-605
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• 1998

춘천지역에서 포획한 한국 야생랫드(시궁쥐)에서 Capillaria hepatica에 자연감염된 예를 보고한다. Capillaria hepatica의 충란이 포획된 68마리의 랫드중 17마리에서 발견되었다. Capillaria에 감염된 랫드의 간장은 충란과 함께 림프구, 단핵구, 호산구의 침윤이 관찰되었고 심한 괴사소견을 보였다. 또한 섬유화, 출혈 hemosiderin의 침착이 뚜렷하게 관찰되었다. 최근 국내에서 자연에서 채집된 랫드의 Capillaria hepatica의 감염을 보고한 자료가 없는 것으로 미루어 Capillaria hepatica의 숙주감염을 파악하는 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.577-583
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• 1998

Methanol extracts of Commelina communis, a Korean wild edible plant showing hypoglycemic effect on diebetic rats were fractionated systematically by hexane, chloroform, butanol, and water, and these four fractions were administered orally to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect. The butanol and water fractions of Commelina communis lowered blood glucose levels of diebetic rats at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day. Administration of each fraction except that of chloroform increased the plasma protein levels. Liver protein levels were significantly higher in the butanol- and water fraction-fed groups. The results suggest that the butanol fraction of Commelina communis has hypoglycemic effect on diabetic rats and the intake of Commelina communis may be beneficial for the management of diabetes mellitus.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제46권10호
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• pp.925-934
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• 2010

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.832-843
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• 2010

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.511-517
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• 1992

한국산 야생식용식물의 형당강화 효과를 보기위해서 일차적으로 5가지 식물(냉이, 닭의장풀, 메꽃, 며느리배꼽 및 참마)을 채집하였다. Strcpotozotocin(45mg/kg)을 미정맥으로 주사하여 당뇨병을 유발시킨 130~180g Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐를 대조군과 실험군으로 나누어 이를 5가지 식물을 adlibitum으로 공급하였다. 식용식물섭취에 따른 각군의 체중변화는 제 3주까지는 점차 증가하다가 냉이군과 메꽃군을 제외하고는 제4주째에 증가추세가 둔화되었다. 식이이용효율은 닭의장풀군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05) 냉이군, 메꽃군, 참마군과 며느리배꼽군에서는 식이이용효율에 차이가 없었다. 닭의장풀군, 참마군과 며느리배꼽군은 대조군에 비해 혈당 감소 경향이 지속적으로 나타났고, 뇨당의 경우에서도 닭의장풀군과 참마군에서는 검출되지 않았으며 며느리배꼽군에서도 한마리를 제외하고는 뇨당이 검출되지 않아 당뇨유발쥐에서 혈당강하에 효과가 있는것으로 추정된다. 혈장 중의 cholesterol수준은 대조군에 비해 며느리배꼽군에서 약간 높은 경향을 보였으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 야생식용물의 건조시료 중 조섬유의 함량은 며느리배꼽이 24.4%로 가장 높았고, 가장 낮은 것은 참마로 2.5%였다. 생시료중 Vitamin C의 함량은 냉이가 193.73mg으로 가장 높았고 닭의장풀, 며느리배꼽, 메꽃슨이었고 참마가 24.6mg으로 가장 낮았다. Fe의 함량도 냉이가 14.86mg으로 높았고 참마가 가장 낮았다. Cr과 Zn의 함량도 냉이에서 높았고 참마에서 낮았다. 앞으로 야생식용산채류에 대한 성인병 예방 및 치료에 대하여 영양학적 연구가 더 많이 이루어져야 할 것이다.