• 한국가금학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2005

본 연구는 약병원성 조류인플루엔자 사독백신 개발을 위하여 백신 후보주(ADL0401)로서의 생물학적 특성 및 개발 백신에 대한 면역원성 및 안전성 평가를 실시하였다. 백신 후보주인 ADL0401의 병원성을 조사한 결과 폐사는 없었으며, 임상증상 및 바이러스 재분리율 양상이 국내 표준 야외주인 MS96과 상당히 유사한 생물학적 특성을 나타내어 약병원성 조류인플루엔자의 특징을 갖고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 표준야외주인 MS96과 백신후보주인 ADL0401간의 이종항원의 중화능 실험을 한 결과 r값 = 0.71로 동종항원(r값 = 1)에 비하여 다소 낮은 중화능을 나타내었지만, 두 바이러스간의 항원성엔 큰 차이가 없음을 알 수 있었다. 불활화 능력실험으로 $0.1\%$ Formalin을 $37^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 처리하였을 때 가장 효과적인 결과를 가져왔으며, MS96은 2시간, ADL0401은 1시간만에 다소의 역가 저하는 있었으나 빠르게 불활화가 이루어짐을 확인하였다. 개발 백신의 면역원성 및 안전성 실험 결과 ISA 70 adjuvant 백신 접종시 백신 접종 전후로 폐사율 및 임상증상은 관찰되지 않았으며, 높은 수준의 항체 역가를 형성함으로써 가장 면역원성이 우수한 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2017

Purpose: Damage to pulse crops by wild birds is a serious problem. The damage is to such an extent that the rate of damage during the period between seeding and cotyledon stages reaches 54.6% on an average. In this study, a crop-position detection method was developed wherein infrared (IR) sensors were used to determine the cotyledon position under a vinyl mulch. Methods: IR sensors that helped measure the temperature were used to locate the cotyledons below the vinyl mulch. A single IR sensor module was installed at three locations of the crops (peanut, red lettuce, and crown daisy) in the cotyledon stage. The representative thermal response of a $16{\times}4$ pixel area was detected using this sensor in the case where the distance from the target was 25 cm. A spatial image was applied to the two-dimensional temperature distribution using a non-integral moving-average method. The collected data were first processed by taking the moving average via interpolation to determine the frame where the variance was the lowest for a resolution unit of 1.02 cm. Results: The temperature distribution was plotted corresponding to a distance of 10 cm between the crops. A clear leaf pattern of the crop was visually confirmed. However, the temperature distribution after the normalization was unclear. The image conversion and frequency-conversion graphs were obtained based on the moving average by averaging the points corresponding to a frequency of 40 Hz for 8 pixels. The most optimized resolutions at locations 1, 2, and 3 were found on 3.4, 4.1, and 5.6 Pixels, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, to solve the problem of damage caused by birds to crops in the cotyledon stage after seeding, the vinyl mulch is punched after seeding. The crops in the cotyledon stage could be accurately located using the proposed method. By conducting the experiments using the single IR sensor and a sliding mechanical device with the help of a non-integral interpolation method, the crops in the cotyledon stage could be precisely located.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.242-257
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• 2003

본 연구는 생태계보전지역인 둔촌동습지의 모니터링을 통한 생태적 복원 및 보전계획을 수립하기 위해 실시되었다. 모니터링 기준으로는 항목, 방법, 시기, 횟수 등을 설정하였다. 모니터링 기준에 따라 조사한 결과 식물생태분야에서 대상지내 식물종은 총 39과 116종 19변종 1품종으로 총 132종류가 출현하였고 이중 자생종은 85종, 외래종은 47종이었다. 월별(4∼9월) 현존식생 모니터링 결과 습지성 초본식물군락 세력이 증가추세이었고 특히 고마리군락의 세력이 왕성해졌다. 아울러 기존 경작지를 중심으로 천이초기식물과 귀화식물의 출현빈도가 높았다. 동물생태분야에서 야생조류는 34종 378개체, 양서류는 4종 5개체, 곤충류는 11목 52과 153종이 조사되었다. 무기환경분야에서는 지하수위. 수질. 토양특성을 분석하였는데 이중 지하수위는 0.0∼89.0cm이었고 토양에서는 Ca++의 함량이 2.18∼13.73cmol/kg로 나타났다. 모니터링 결과를 바탕으로 한 연구대상지 생태적 복원구상을 습지생태계 복원구상. 용출지 복원구상. 산림생태계 복원구상으로 구분하여 기본방향과 각 공간별 세부계획을 제시하였다. 습지생태계 복원구상에서는 기존 습지지역의 보전과 경작지로 활용되던 습지지역의 복원구상을 수립하였으며, 용출지복원구상에서는 용출지 및 진입부의 복원을 수립하였고 산림생태계 복원구상에서는 건조성 산림 생태계와 습지성산림생태계의 복원 및 주연부지역의 야생조류 서식처 계획을 수립하였다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.50-54
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• 2021

본 연구는 국내 천연기념물 중 야생조류의 폐사체 현황을 알아보고자 수행하였다. 우리나라에서 2016년부터 2020년까지 신고된 천연기념물의 폐사체는 총 38종 5,036개체이었다. 2020년에 34종으로 가장 많은 종이 폐사하였고 2019년에 1,095개체로 가장 많은 개체수가 기록되었다. 가을철에 가장 많은 종수가 확인되었고 가장 적은 개체수가 확인되었다. 이와는 반대로 여름철에 적은 종수와 가장 많은 개체수가 확인되었다. 연중 11월이 가장 많은 종이 폐사하였고 6월에 가장 많은 개체가 폐사하였다. 전체 폐사체 중 황조롱이(Falco tinnunculus)가 약 20%를 차지하여 가장 많았으며, 수리부엉이(Bubo bubo), 솔부엉이(Ninox scutulata), 소쩍새(Otus sunia), 참매(Accipiter gentilis), 독수리(Cinreous Vulture), 새매(Accipiter nisus) 등의 순으로 구성되었다. 봄철과 여름철은 국내 번식하는 종이 폐사체의 대부분을 차지하였으며, 겨울철에는 큰고니, 독수리 등 월동개체의 비율이 증가하였다. 천연기념물의 멸실신고는 사람에 의한 신고로 폐사체 현황만으로는 천연기념물의 국내 군집특성을 파악할 순 없으나, 야행성으로 자세한 조사가 수행되지 않은 올빼미목의 국내 개체수 파악과 국내 천연기념물 폐사체 현황 자료의 제공으로 천연기념물 보호를 위한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2019

In South Korea, six large outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) have occurred since the first confirmation in 2003 from chickens. For the past 15 years, HPAI outbreaks have become an annual phenomenon throughout the country and has extended to wider regions, across rural and urban environments. An understanding of the spatial epidemiology of HPAI occurrence is essential in assessing and managing the risk of the infection; however, local spatial variations of relationship between HPAI incidences in Korea and related risk factors have rarely been derived. This study examined whether spatial heterogeneity exists in this relationship, using a geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR) model. The outcome variable was the number of HPAI-positive farms at 252 Si-Gun-Gu (administrative boundaries in Korea) level notified to government authority during the period from January 2014 to April 2016. This response variable was regressed to a set of sociodemographic and topographic predictors, including the number of wild birds infected with HPAI virus, the number of wintering birds and their species migrated into Korea, the movement frequency of vehicles carrying animals, the volume of manure treated per day, the number of livestock farms, and mean elevation. Both global and local modeling techniques were employed to fit the model. From 2014 to 2016, a total of 403 HPAI-positive farms were reported with high incidence especially in western coastal regions, ranging from 0 to 74. The results of this study show that local model (adjusted R-square = 0.801, AIC = 954.5) has great advantages over corresponding global model (adjusted R-square = 0.408, AIC = 2323.1) in terms of model fitting and performance. The relationship between HPAI incidence in Korea and seven predictors under consideration were significantly spatially non-stationary, contrary to assumptions in the global model. The comparison between global Poisson and GWPR results indicated that a place-specific spatial analysis not only fit the data better, but also provided insights into understanding the non-stationarity of the associations between the HPAI and associated determinants. We demonstrated that an empirically derived GWPR model has the potential to serve as a useful tool for assessing spatially varying characteristics of HPAI incidences for a given local area and predicting the risk area of HPAI occurrence. Considering the prominent burden of HPAI this study provides more insights into spatial targeting of enhanced surveillance and control strategies in high-risk regions against HPAI outbreaks.

• 한국조류학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2018

조류에서 성적이형은 암수간 신체크기, 깃털, 색, 또는 행동의 차이를 의미한다. 일반적으로, 갈매기과를 포함한 많은 해양성조류는 깃털 색에서 성적동형을 보이며, 암수가 양육을 공유하기 때문에 야외에서 성감별을 어렵게 만든다. 쉽고 비침습적인 성감별 도구의 개발은 생활사의 진화에서 암수 양육의 정도를 이해하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있다. 본 연구는 사육 검은머리갈매기(Saundersilarus saundersi) 번식쌍의 부리-머리 형태를 이용하여 비침습적 성감별 도구를 개발하고, 이를 활용하여 야생 번식쌍의 암수 포란행동의 변이를 설명하는 요인을 분석하였다. 사육상태에서 자연적으로 형성된 쌍에서, 수컷은 배우자 암컷에 비해 상대적으로 큰 부리-머리 비율을 나타내었으며, 이 성감별 도구를 이용하였을 때 성공적으로 야생 12 번식쌍의 성감별을 수행하였다. 야생수컷과 암컷은 함께 낮시간의 95%를 포란을 위해 둥지를 지켰다. 그러나, 수컷의 포란비율은 일몰시간이 가까워지면서 급격하게 증가하였는데, 이는 수컷의 야간 포란의 가능성을 내재하고 있는 것으로 사료된다. 결론적으로, 본 연구는 성적동형인 검은머리갈매기의 비침습적 성감별 도구를 개발하였으며, 이를 활용 하였을때 야생 번식쌍의 암수 포란행동의 변이가 다른 생태적인 요인보다는 일주기와 연관성이 높다는 것을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.349-360
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• 2000

An epidemiological survey was conducted to investigate fowl typhoid outbreaks in Kyungnam province of Korea. The causative agent, salmonella gallinarum was isolated from 68 chicken samples of tentatively diagnosed fowl typhoid cases occurred during the period from January 1996 to September 1999. Comparative studies were also carried out to evaluate the diagnostic methods for detection of S gallinam The results obtained were as follows; 1. Of the 68 cases of tentatively diagnosed fowl typhoid, 56 (82%) cases were determined as fowl typhoid by biochemical test and pathological findings. The other 12 (18%) cases were determined as paratyphoid. 2. Fowl typhoid outbreaks occur continuously all seasons in the year, however the incidence was remarkably increased from May to September. 3. The frequency of incidence of fowl typhoid in terms of regional distribution was relatively high in egg-laying hens facilities, and the mode of transmission is likely to be either egg-to-egg or lateral transfer by wild birds or rats. 4. All of 18 isolates from 56 cases were identified as S gallinarum by biochemical and serological test. 5. Antimicrobial drug susceptibility test against 18 isolates showed that the isolates were highly susceptible to ASH, CZ, CF and GM (above 90%), whereas those strains were 100% resistant to EM, NA and PC. 6. S gallinarum rfbS gene was targeted to be amplified by PCR for comparative detection of S gallinarum in the experimentally infected chickens. The amplified 720bp DNA fragment, which is specific in D serogroup strains of S enterica subspecies was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. 7. A comparison made between fecal culture and PCR-method revealed that later-method was relatively higher in detection rate than that of former method for S gallinarum. 8. Comparison of currently applied methods, rapid serum agglutination test (RST) and microplate agglutination test (MAT), with experimentally infected chickens were made to evaluate sensitivity of detection by neutralizing antibody titration. Both methods detected neutralizing antibodies from the challenged chickens of 5 day post infection. However, positive reactions were determined after 7 and 9 days post infection by MAT and RST, respectively.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2017년도 춘계공동학술대회
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• pp.157-157
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• 2017

To minimize the damage by wild birds and acquire the benefits such as protection against weeds and maintenance of water content in soil, the mulching black color vinyl after seeding should be carried out. Non-contact and non-destructive methods that can continuously determine the locations are necessary. In this study, a crop position detection method was studied that uses infrared thermal image sensor to determine the cotyledon position under vinyl mulch. The moving system for acquiring image arrays has been developed for continuously detecting crop locations under plastic mulching on the field. A sliding mechanical device was developed to move the sensor, which were arranged in the form of a linear array, perpendicular to the array using a micro-controller integrated with a stepping motor. The experiments were conducted while moving 4.00 cm/s speed of the IR sensor by the rotational speed of the stepping motor based on a digital pulse width modulation signal from the micro-controller. The acquired images were calibrated with the spatial image correlation. The collected data were processed using moving averaging on interpolation to determine the frame where the variance was the smallest in resolution units of 1.02 cm. Non-linear integral interpolation was one of method for analyzing the frequency using the normalization image and then arbitrarily increasing the limited data value of $16{\times}4pixels$ in one frame. It was a method to relatively reduce the size of overlapping pixels by arbitrarily increasing the limited data value. The splitted frames into 0.1 units instead of 1 pixel can propose more than 10 times more accurate and original method than the existing correction method. The non-integral calibration method was conducted by applying the subdivision method to the pixels to find the optimal correction resolution based on the first reversed frequency. In order to find a correct resolution, the expected location of the first crop was indicated on near pixel 4 in the inversion frequency. For the most optimized resolution, the pixel was divided by 0.4 pixel instead of one pixel to find out where the lowest frequency exists.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2003

This study had researched use conditions of forty-seven arboreta in the inside and outside of the country for the suggestion of activation plan of provincial arboretum. Chungnam Keum-Kang Arboretum in Kongju-Si, Chung-Cheong Nam-Do, had been surveyed as a case study. The survey was focused on current condition, location, ecological resources, characteristics and so on. In addition, questionnaire of users of Keum-Kang arboretum were conducted. Chungnam Keum-Kang arboretum is located in the inland area and has many vegetations. It is a provincial arboretum which was planted by trees, shrubs and vines, and a public garden which was used by paid admission. It has natural recreation forests, tropical green houses and breeding grounds for birds and wild animals. It, however, has many problem in the use and management system. And the shortages of attraction and program for user are serious problem. For the use activation and the improvement of management of this arboretum, this study suggested as follows ; (1) The responsible experts in charge of the general management of arboretum are demanded. (2) Term master plan for improvement of arboretum must be established. (3) It is necessary to manage for collection, propagation, display and preservation of plant species. (4) It is necessary to hold suitable and variety events for the seasons. (5) It is needed to arrange fitly convenience facilities.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2006

Present study was performed to investigate the host-parasite relationship of the Korean Trichinella isolate (KTI). In the experiment to observe the infectivity of KTI to several kinds of animals, the reproductive capacity index (RCT) was highest in cats, and that in mice, hamsters and rats was followe4 in descending order. However, birds, i.e. wild goose and chicken, did not infect with KTI. The number of larvae per a gram of muscle (LPG: 377) was highest in the tongue of cats experimentally infected with KTI larvae. LPG in the diaphragm, anterior leg, back, posterior leg and abdominal muscles were 313, 246, 234, 225 and 170 respectively. Muscle larvae recovered at 55 days after infection were revealed the highest infectivity (RCI: 137.2) in mice. RCI was comparatively low in the mice infected with less than 25 day-old and more than 300 day-old larvae. In the experiment to observe the susceptibility of KTI by the mouse strain, ICR (RCI: 137.2), C57BL/6 (RCI: 108.8), DBA/2 (RCI: 107.1), C3H (RCI: 98.7), BALB/c (RCI: 96.9), FVB (RCI: 96.1) and B6C3F1 (RCI: 85.3) were very susceptible. However, BDF1 (RCI: 57.7) and CBA (RCI. 57.1) were revealed the moderate susceptibility, and B6CBAF1 (RCI: 23.1) was shown the lowest. The infection sites of adults were posteriorly transferred in the small intestine of experimental mice according to the infection periods of muscle larvae. The infection characteristics of KTI observed in this study may be useful as the basic data in the advanced studies, furthermore in the study of other Trichinella isolates.