• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.280-285
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• 2010

Purpose: Coracoid impingement syndrome refers to subscapularis impingement between the coracoid process and lesser tuberosity of the humerus, and pain may occur when the arm is positioned in forward flexion, internal rotation and adduction. This position is common for archers. Material and methods: A female archer with coracoid impingement syndrome that was uncontrolled by conservative therapy underwent arthroscopic subcoracoid decompression. At the 20th postoperative month of follow up, she complained of painful rotator interval widening and so she underwent arthroscopic rotator interval plication. Results: At the postoperative 6th month of follow up after the second operation, she showed no pain and good functional results, and she returned to competing as an archer. Conclusion: We have reported here on a case of successful treatment of painful rotator widening after subcoracoid decompression in an elite archer.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2009

Highly variable drugs (within-subject variability greater than 30%) have been difficult to meet current regulatory acceptance criteria using a reasonable number of study subjects. In this study, we reviewed previous studies presenting alternative approaches for bioequivalence evaluation of highly variable drugs, and focused on an approach for widening the bioequivalence acceptance limits using within-subject variability. We discussed the suggested five solutions for highly variable drug including the deletion of $C_{max}$ of the bioequivalence criteria, direct expansion of bioequivalence limit, multiple dose studies in steady state, bioequivalence assessment on the metabolite, add-on study, and widening the bioequivalence acceptance limits based on reference variability. The methods for widening of bioequivalence limits based on reference variability are scaled average bioequivalence containing within-subject variability on reference drug (${\sigma}_{WR}$), population bioequivalence derived from total variability on reference drug (${\sigma}_{TR}$) and test drug (${\sigma}_{TT}$), and individual bioequivalence derived from subject by formulation interaction variability (${\sigma}_D$) and within subject variability on reference drug (${\sigma}_{WR}$) and test drug (${\sigma}_{TR}$). To apply these methods, the switching variability (${\sigma}_0$) will have to be set by the regulatory authorities. The proposals of bioequivalence evaluation approach for the highly variable in Korea are presented for both of new drug and reevaluation drug.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 2019

The enlargement and reduction of river channels can not only change the flow of water but also alter sedimentation patterns, thus hindering smooth flood conveyance. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze the effects of the sudden enlargement of river channels on changes in the riverbed and river flow. For this purpose, as part of the "Hometown River" Construction Project, this study examined the local river Kyungpo-cheon, which a section of the river channel was widened by at least two- to three-fold, using RMA-2 and SED-2D models to simulate the changes in flow characteristics and riverbed variation due to the widening of the channel. The results of the study indicated that widening the Kyungpo -cheon river channel secured its dimensional stability in comparison to before widening. however, due to a flood frequency of more than once per year, future maintenance and management will be costly and time-consuming.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2021

Background In patients with congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN), single-stage removal of large lesions can be difficult because the high tension created by excising and repairing a large lesion may result in scar widening. Herein, we introduce a method to effectively excise lesions while minimizing scarring and compare its outcomes to those of existing surgical methods. Methods We compared patients who underwent surgery using the anchoring technique (n=42) or the conventional elliptical technique (n=36). One side of the lesion was removed via en bloc resection up to the superficial fascia. The other side of the lesion was removed via de-epithelialization. The de-epithelialized dermal flap was then fixed by suturing it to the superficial fascia on the opposite side. The length of the lesion's long axis and amount of scar widening were measured immediately after surgery and at 2, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. At 12 months, patients were assessed using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. Results The lesion locations included the face, arms, legs, back, and abdomen. The anchoring method resulted in shorter and smaller scars than the conventional method. There were no cases of postoperative hematoma or wound dehiscence. Significant differences in postoperative scar widening were found in the arm and leg areas (P<0.05). Conclusions The anchoring method introduced in this study can provide much better outcomes than the conventional method. The anchoring method is particularly useful for the removal of CMN around the joints or extremities, where the surgical site is subjected to high tension.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2022

Objectives This case study aimed to investigate the effect of complex Korean medicine treatment including Chuna manual therapy on sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain status post SIJ fusion with sacroiliac screw fixation. Methods Complex Korean medicine treatments including Chuna manual therapy were provided to patients with SIJ widening due to a traffic accident trauma. Measurement of range of motion and manual muscle test to evaluate functional activities of daily living was conducted before and after treatment. Moreover, outcome estimates were performed using the numeric rating scale, pain disability index, and EuroQol 5-dimension five-level questionnaire. Results After complex treatment, functional activities of daily living improved. Sacroiliac joint pain decreased and the quality-of-life score improved. Conclusions This study suggests that treatment with complex Korean medicine treatment including Chuna manual therapy may improve traumatic SIJ widening status post SIJ fusion. A postoperative rehabilitation protocol based on accumulated research results considering a multidisciplinary approach should be prepared to ensure holistic treatment.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.171-186
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• 1989

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of indomethacin on 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) induced palatal carcinoma of albino rats. Sixty albino rats about 100 gms of body weight, 6 weeks old-were used classifying as 1) six albino rats of normal group received no treatment, 2) six albino rats of control group treated with propane 1, 2-diol 3 times a week, 3) twenty four albino rats of experimental group I treated with 0.5% 4NQO in propane 1, 2-diol 3 times a week, 4) twenty four albino rats of experimental group II treated with 0.5% of 4NQO in propane 1, 2-diol 3 times a week and administrated 20${\mu}g/ml$ indomethacin in drinking water ad lib. The animals of normal and control groups were sacrificed 7th, 11th, 15th, 19th, 23rd and 27th week, while those of experimental group I and II were sacrificed 7th, 9th, 11th, 13th, 15th, 17th, 19th, 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th and 29th week after the experiment. The palatal mucosa was excised and examined grossly, light-microscopically and electron-microscopically. Following results were obtained. 1. In control group, there was no specific difference from normal tissue histopathologically. 2. In group I, hyperkeratosis mild acantosis and dyskeratosis in in 7th week, dysplasia in 11th week and severe acantosis in 19th week were observed, but squamous cell carcinoma not observed until 29th week on light-microscope. 3. In group II, hyperkeratosis, mild acantosis in 9th week, dyskeratosis and dysplasia in 21st week, severe acantosis in 27th week and squamous cell carcinoma in 29th week were observed on light-microscope. 4. In group I, widening of intercellular space in 7th week, increasing of desmosome, giant desmosome and tonofilament in cytoplasm in 9th week, severe widening of intercellular space, increasing of mitochondria and vascular degeneration in 11th week, irregular pattern of cell feature and nucleus and prominent nucleoli in 19th week, and continuity of basal lamina in 29th week were observed on electron-microscope. 5. In group II, mild widening of intercellular space in 9th week, increasing of mitochondria, vascular degeneration and tonofilament in cytoplasm in 13th week, increasing of desmosome and giant desmosome in 15th week, irregular pattern of cell surface and nucleus and prominent nucleoli, and in 21st week continuity of basal lamina were observed on electron-microscope which phenomenon occurred little later than group I. After 21st week, however, severe widening of intercellular space, vascular degeneration and continuity of basal lamina were observed as in group I.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.435-450
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• 2020

The divergence section of a double-deck tunnel can be divided into a 'widening pre-divergence section', a large cross-section with a cap shape and a 'post-divergence section' where the separation between the main and the branch tunnel is made. Since the cross-section of the widening pre-divergence section is considerably larger than that of the post-divergence section, the influence of excavation due to the different sizes and shapes in the cross-section should be considered in the examination of the tunnel stability. In this study, the effect of the preceding excavation, that is the excavation of the widening pre-divergence section, on excavation stability of the post-divergence section was examined by varying the excavation methods and bench lengths through 3D finite element analysis. The results showed that although the effects of the excavation methods and the bench lengths are not significant on the variation of principal stresses, the preceding excavation causes a relatively large variation on the stresses which may have an impact on the stability of the post-divergence section from the comparison of Stress-Strength Ratio (SSR) between the cases with and without the consideration of the preceding excavation effect by 2D finite element analysis.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.451-468
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• 2020

Aging tunnels with small cross-sections can cause chronic traffic jams. This problem can be solved by widening the tunnel. In general, when the tunnel is expanded, the outer portion of the existing tunnel is excavated through a mechanical or blasting method. Such excavation affects not only the surrounding ground but also the existing tunnel. The application of the pre-cutting method can be a solution to these problems effectively. Therefore, if the widening of tunnel is performed by applying pre-cutting method, analysis of the impact of this method must be performed. In this study, in order to analyze the effect of applying pre-cutting in tunnel widening, numerical analysis is performed at six ground grades, from grade I to weathered rock. The analysis is performed with the expanding lane and the excavation length of pre-cutting as variables. In addition, the analysis is focused on the displacement of crown of the existing tunnel and the enlarged tunnel. As a result, the crown displacement of the enlarged tunnel is confirmed to converge at the same value regardless of the excavation length of the pre-cutting when the tunnel widening is completed. In the case of existing tunnels, uplift of crown occurs within 5 m of the front of the tunnel surface, and the shorter the excavation length of pre-cutting is found to be effective in preventing the occurrence of uplift.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.13-30
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• 2008

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the displacement pattern and the stress distribution of the finite element model 3-D visualization during symphyseal widening according to the osteotomy position, osteotomy type, and distraction device. Methods: The kinds of distraction devices used were tooth-borne type, hybrid type, bone-borne type and tooth-borne type $30^{\circ}$ angulated, and the kinds of osteotomy design were vertical osteotomy line between the central incisors and step osteotomy line through the symphysis. Results: All reference points of the mandible including the condyles were displaced laterally irrespective of the osteotomy position, osteotomy method and distraction device. The anteroposterior or vertical displacements showed small differences between the groups. The widening pattern of the osteotomy line in the tooth-borne type of device was v shaped, and that of bone-borne type was a reverse v shape. However, the pattern in the hybrid type was parallel. The lateral displacement of the mandibular angle by the bone-borne device was more remarkable than the other types of devices. The displacement by the $30^{\circ}$ angulated tooth-borne type was different between the left and right sides in both the transverse and anteroposterior aspects. Conclusion: The design of the distraction devices and osteotomy line can influence the displacement pattern and the stress distribution during mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis procedures.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.73-74
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• 2004