• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.187-192
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• 2008

Purpose: Generally speaking, most of Korean have smaller eyes than those of Caucasian and they have epicanthus with narrow palpebral fissure. It makes external appearance looking dull because the length of the palpebral fissure is short and there is a epicanthus. In case the function of the levator muscle is weak, their eyes look much smaller. Epicanthus and weak levator muscle function make the eyes look dull. The above mentioned, authors want to introduce double eyelid operation, epicanthoplasty, levator plication to extend and lengthen the palpebral fissure. Methods: From August 2001 to August 2004, there were 138 cases that had double eyelid operation with epicanthoplasty or levator plication. the 69 cases of them had double eyelid operation and epicanthoplasty, the 33 cases of them had double eyelid operation and levator plication and the 36 cases of them had double eyelid operation and epicanthoplasty and levator plication. Results: After the operation, the length and height of the eyelid are improved remarkably, and most of the patients were satisfied. The length of the eyelid is improved 3 to 5mm($3.4{\pm}0.5mm$) in case of the epicanthoplasty, the width of the eyelid is improved 3 to 4mm($3.1{\pm}0.3mm$) by the levator plication. The length of the eyelid is improved 3 to 5($3.4{\pm}0.4mm$) and the width is improved 2 to 4mm($2.9{\pm}0.5mm$) by the epicanthoplasty used levator plication. Conclusion: The improvement of the eyelid length is almost the same as epicanthoplasty and levator plication are done simultaneously. But the improvement of the eyelid width is less shorter when epicanthoplasty and levator plication are done simultaneously than the case of levator plication alone. This is because there is a tension influencing on the limitation of widening palpebral fissure to fix the epicanthal tendon. This method is recommendable for the patients who want to have much bigger eyes.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2010

Purpose: The primary goal of palatoplasty is to enable normal speech with harmonious growth of face. Some children who had palatoplasty display typical findings of transverse maxillary deficiency requiring orthodontic widening of the maxilla. Levi (2009) described a cleft palate repair coupled with pedicled buccal fat pad flaps to cover bone exposed areas of the hard palate. Hence we report clinical experiences of cleft palate repair using pedicled buccal fat pad flap. Methods: Four Veau class II and a Veau class I cleft palate patients underwent palatoplasty with buccal fat pad flap by single surgeon from April 2009 to August 2009. Two patients received 2-flap palatoplasty and three patients 1-flap palatoplasty, respectively. After the cleft palate repair, sharp mosquito scissors was placed in the superior buccal sulcus just lateral to the maxillary tuberosity and inserted directly through the mucosa resulting in buccal fat pad extrusion. The elevated flap was moved to cover mucoperiosteal defect in hard palatal area. Results: Five patients underwent primary palatoplasty using buccal fat pad flap. Flap harvest and inset took on average 9 minutes per flap. Mucosal epithelization took 18 days on average. No patients had complications related to the buccal fat pad flap. Conclusion: Buccal fat pad pedicled flap has significant potential to function as an added vascularized tissue layer in cleft palate repair and we can expect better growth of maxilla with this method although longer duration of follow-up was unavailable.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.2 s.28
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• pp.75-85
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• 2006

Currently, cross-section design can not reflect highway function and traffic volume, various construction. This research paper provides analysis of traffic accident type, improvement of traffic operation and safety, assessment for new cross-section standards of two-lane highway. Research show higher accident rate on 6$\sim$8.9m road than 9$\sim$12.9m road width in two-lane highway. Typical improvement is widening on lane and shoulder width. Simulation show large increase on 6$\sim$7m road delay-time in 1,200vph. In contrast 10$\sim$11.5m road shows slight change on delay-time. This research paper provides various cross-section construction by traffic volume in minor arterial and distributor two-lane highway. The new cross-section design provides adopting highway volume, various construction and flexibility.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2011

In this study, effects that thermal stress and water pressure have on the deformation behaviour of granite specimens recovered in Gagok Mine are estimated. To analyze effects of the thermal stress and water pressure on the deformation behaviour, granite specimens were preheated with cycles of predetermined temperatures ranging $200^{\circ}C$ to $700^{\circ}C$ and 500, 600, $700^{\circ}C$ specimens were pressurized to 7.5 MPa. The deformation behaviour of the specimens had been studied by performing uniaxial compressive tests. Axial and lateral strains of specimens were found to increase with increasing temperature, and above $600^{\circ}C$, the increase of strains were more pronounced. The reduction trends of uniaxial compressive strength and Young's modulus with temperature appeared to follow an exponential decay function. Specimens under water pressure showed the more inelastic deformation characteristics, which means that water pressure has an effect on the widening and extending of micro-cracks existed in preheated specimens.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.67-70
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• 2012

Massive weight loss results in skin excess, leading to an unsatisfying body contour. Various thigh lift procedures can correct flabby skin in the lower leg. We present a lower body contouring technique with a report on two patients. The procedure is determined by the body contour of the patient. As the skin excess in the thigh area tended to appear mostly on the medial side, a vertical medial thigh lift was considered. Moreover, for patients with a pear/guitar-shaped body contour, we added the spiral thigh lift for skin excess in the buttocks and the lateral thigh area. The extent of tissue to excise was determined by pinching the patient in a standing position. The inferior skin flap was fixed to non-movable tissue, which was helpful for lifting the tissue and preventing the widening of the scar. After the operation, a drain was kept for 3 to 4 days. A compressive garment was used after removing the drain. There were no complications. The patients were discharged 6 to 8 days after the operation. In conclusion, skin excess, especially in the lower body, can be corrected by a thigh lift combining several procedures, varying from person to person.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.720-726
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• 2009

Purpose: Fasciocutaneous flap with random pattern flap has limitation in mobility and length - width ratio. This characteristic is more pronounced in lower extremity which has relatively poor vascularity. Perforator based flap in lower extremity reconstruction has various advantages as a axial flap, allowing abundant blood supply and widening of mobility range. So if it is not a case of wide defect, free flap can be replaced by perforator based flap. Methods: From April 2007 to March 2009, 18 cases of perforator flap were performed. 8 had defect in upper 1/3 of calf, 6 in middle 1/3, and 4 in lower 1/3. In 10 cases island flap were used, 3 case had transposition flap, 2 cases used advancement flap, 2 case had propeller flap and 1 case had rotation flap. Results: 17 cases survived without flap necrosis. Partial flap necrosis occurred in 1 case, so secondary split thickness skin graft was done. Chronic wound with pseudomonas infection occurred in 1 case, but it was completely cured with conservative treatment. Conclusion: Perforator based flap is useful in lower extremity reconstruction because of relative freedom in changing the size and thickness of the flap depending on the recipient site, good mobility, and abundant vascularity. And donor site morbidity can be minimized. Lower extremity reconstruction using perforator based flap is a good method because it can minimize the complication and obtain effective result.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 2013

This study analyzed relative efficiencies of fourteen airports in Korea with radial and non-radial approaches such as DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis) and SBM(Slack Based Measure) from 2004 to 2011. To suggest an improvement scheme for these airports, we analyzed slack airports and compared then with respective reference airports. To measure efficiency, we used the length of runway, the number of employees, and the size of terminal as input factors, and the number of passengers, the amount of cargo, and the number of flights as output factors. The analysis results showed that efficiencies of most airports had been decreasing and that the gap between efficient airports and inefficient airports was widening. Additionally, most airports had much slacks in its terminal size. It meant that they had been operated with a size not proportionate to their demands and that it is a major cause of inefficiency.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.2770-2776
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• 2015

The development of efficient wearable antennas is required to implement short range body-centric wireless communication links for various internet of thing applications. We present simulation and measurement results of conductive-fiber-based wearable antennas which can comfortably fabricated directly on usual clothing materials. The proposed antenna is a form of a rectangular patch antenna designed by weaving conductive fibers on a felt substrate. A full-wave electromagnetic simulation tool is used to investigate the antenna performance such as antenna impedance, resonant frequency, and radiation efficiency. Parametric studies show that the radiation efficiency increases from 67.5% to 70.4% by widening the gap between conductive fibers from 0.25mm to 3mm. This implies a wearable antenna with good radiation efficiency can be designed despite of less portion of conductive fibers on the antenna. The simulation results are also verified by measured results with fabricated antennas.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.119-147
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the Co-60 γ irradiation on the osseointegration. 2.0 mm titanium alloy screw implants(Sankin Industry Co. Ltd., Japan) were placed in the tibial metaphysis of the rabbits, bilaterally. The mean length of the implants was 6.0 mm. The right tibia was irradiated with a single dose of 15Gy from 60Co teletherapic machine at 5th postoperative day. The experimental group was irradiated tibia. The control group was non­irradiated tibia. To observe the phase of bone formation, the bone labeling by intramuscular injection of 20mg/Kg of Tetracycline, Calcein, Alizarin red S, was performed. The rabbits were sacrificed on the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th week and the tibia including implants were taken, and then the specimens were examined by the microradiography, light microscopy, and fluorescent microscopy. The obtained results were as follows: 1. There were connective tissue between bone and titanium at 1st week, in both group. Especially, the many empty lacunae without nucleus and obscure cytoplasm in experimental group, were observed. 2. The osteons were observed at 4th week in control group, and at 6th week in experimental group. The bone formation in experimental group was retarded as compared to the control group. 3. In fluorescent microscopy, bone labelling band was observed as linear, arc or concentric shape. Occasionary interrupted labelling band was observed, which is demonstrated bone remodeling. 4. In microradiographic examination, the radiolucent image was found between bone and implant with widening of bone marrow spaces as compared to the control group.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.93-93
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• 2003

Photoluminescence(PL) properties of Silicon nanocrystals (nc-Si) as a function of temperature is reported to consider the mechanism of PL. Nc-Si has been made by $Si^+$ ion-implantation into thermal $SiO_2$ and subsequent annealing. And after gold had been diffused at the same samples above, the resultant PL spectra has been compared to the PL spectra from the non-gold doped nc-Si. PL peak energy variation from nc-Si is same with the variation of energy bandgap of bulk silicon as temperature changes from 6 K to room temperature. This result may mean nc-Si is still indirect transition material like bulk silicon. Gold doped nc-Si reveals short peak wavelength of PL spectrum than gold undoped one. PL peak shift through gold doing process shows clearly the PL mechanism is not from defect or interface states. PL intensity increases from 6K to a certain temperature and then decrease to room temperature. This characteristic with temperature shows that phonon have a role for the luminescence as theory explains that electron and hole can be recombined radiatively by phonon's assist in nc-Si, which is almost impossible in bulk silicon. Therefore luminescence is observed in nc-Si constructed less than a few of unit cell and the peak energy of luminescence can be higher than the bulk bandgap energy by the bandgap widening effect occurs in nanostructure.