• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2006

This study was performed to test food preferences of the Korean elderly for Korean elderly menu development. The elderly subjects preferred steamed rice cooked with 1.2 times water than that with 1.5 times water (p < 0.001) , whole rice grain gruel than the gruel with ground grain (p < 0.05) . Green tea powder gruels developed as a snack, there were no significant differences in the preference of the elderly between gruel with different contents of green tea powder (2, 3, $4\%$). The preferences of the salt concentration of the soup were tested by using soybean sprout soup and soybean paste soup. The elderly preferred 0.7 - $0.8\%$ salted bean sprout soup and $7\%$ soybean paste soup. The elderly preferred Kimchi cut in widths of 1 - 2 cm than that in 0.5 cm. The elderly preferred sweeter grape jam ($67\%$ vs. $50\%$ or $37\%$ sugar content) and were not concerned about chewing seeds. This result could be useful to develop menus for the elderly. (Korean J Community Nutrition 11 (1): 98$\sim$107, 2006)

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.30-34
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• 2001

쌀에 혼합취반이 가능한 혼식용 혼합쌀의 제조를 위해 곡물원료인 현미, 보리쌀, 밀, 조, 수수, 콩, 팥에 대한 물리화학적 특성 및 압출성형 특성을 조사하였다. 혼합쌀의 제조에 사용한 곡물은 전분, 단백질, 지방, 희분 및 총 식이섬유함량에서 서로 차이를 보여주었다. 곡분은 명도에 있어 백미, 보리쌀, 콩, 현미, 밀, 수수, 팥, 조의 순으로 낮았으며, 대부분 적황색도를 나타내었으나 곡종에 따라 다소간의 차이를 보여주었다. 곡분의 평균입자크기는 백미, 보리쌀과 같이 도정한 곡물에서 작았으며 현미, 조, 수수 같이 강층을 포함하는 정곡에서 다소 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 곡분의 손상전분 함량은 곡류에서 $5.4{\sim}10.9%$ 범위였으며 콩과 팥에서는 $0.5{\sim}1.4%$로 낮았다. 곡분의 수분흡수지수는 팥, 백미, 수수, 현미, 밀, 조, 보리쌀, 콩의 순으로 낮았으며 수분용해도지수는 두류인 콩과 팥에서 높게 나타났다. 혼합쌀 제조시에 곡종에 따른 이화학적 특성차이가 혼합쌀의 압출성형가공에 크게 영향을 주었으며, 현미 50%, 보리쌀 20%, 밀 10%, 조 5%, 수수 5%, 콩 7%, 팥 3%의 적정 배합비로 압출성형한 혼합쌀은 일반쌀과 혼용이 가능한 형태인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.460-465
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• 2006

기존의 개량식 메주와 이를 콩알 메주로 대체하여 제국 공정을 생략함으로써 생산비 절감 효과 및 생리 기능성을 가진 한식 간장의 개발을 위한 일련의 연구로, 본 연구에서는 간장 발효 중의 이소플라본의 함량변화와 동시에 aglycone 형태의 daidzein과 genistein 함량의 변화를 분석 비교하였다. 개랑 메주 간장인 Control 및 제품 A의 총 이소플라본 함량은 발효 120일까지 증가하였다가 그 후로는 아주 완만하게 증가하였고, 발효 180일경에는 발효 초기에 비해 각각 15배 및 4.3배씩 증가하였다. 반면 콩알 메주 간장 B 및 C에서는 발효 0일차에 총 이소플라본 함량이 최대값(각각 $20.53{\mu}g/g$ 및 $19.52{\mu}g/g$)을 나타낸 다음 그 후부터는 감소하였다. 콩알 메주 및 밀싻 메주 혼합 간장 D에서는 발효 20일차에 가장 높은 함량이었고, 그 후로 서서히 감소하였다. 총 이소플라본 또는 유리형에 관계없이 이소플라본의 함량의 대부분을 daidzein이 차지하고, 개량 메주 간장(Control 및 제품 A)에서는 숙성과 함께 증가한 반면에, 콩알 메주 간장(제품 B와 C)에서는 발효 0일차에 daidzein의 함량이 최고 많았고, 숙성과 함께 서서히 감소하였고, 대신 genistein함량은 서서히 증가하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2000

As a result of survey of one hundred grain weight and been husk/whole bean ratio of 25 soybean varieties, the one was ranged 12.1∼27.1g and Saeal was highest as 27.1g, and Kwangan was lowest as 12.1g, while the other was revealed that Sinpladal 2 was highest as 9.40%, and Jangyebo was lowest, as 6.13%. Contents of crude protein were ranged 38∼48.5% which Tanback was highest as 48.5%, and Jangyeob was lowest as 39%. Crude lipid contained 17∼22%, and Muhan was highest as 48.5% and Tanback was lowest as 39%. Range of water uptake ratio and hardness after soaking were 235.9∼202.8% and 0.890∼2.593kg/3.14$\textrm{mm}^2$ and Jinpum was highest as 2.593kg/3.14$\textrm{mm}^2$, while Tanwon was lowest as 0.066kg/3.14$\textrm{mm}^2$.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.266-271
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• 2001

Soybean can produce high-N residue due to N-fixation, so soybean rotation may increase yield of subsequent corn and reduce N fertilizer on the corn fairly. To find out the contribution of nitrogen to subsequent corn following soybean cultivation, soil nitrate, corn yield, and nitrogen uptake were measured for three continuous corn cropping years after soybean rotation. Three N rates of 0, 80, and 160 kg/ha were applied to three continuous corn following soybean cropping. At 6-leaf stage, soil nitrate amount at the soil depth of 0-30cm ranged from 60 to 80 kgN/ha higher in the first corn cropping year than that in the second and third corn cropping years. Judging from corn N status such as SPAD value, N concentration of ear-leaf and stover at silking stage, N contribution of previous soybean to corn in the first corn year was N fertilizer of approximately 80 kg N/ha. Stover N uptake at silking stage increased from 47 to 52 kg N/ha at the 0, and 80 kg N/ha of N rates in the first corn cropping year compared with those in the second and third corn cropping years. Corn grain yield at the 0 kg N/ha of N rate was 6-7 ton/ha higher in the first corn cropping year than that in the second and third corn cropping years, respectively. When compared the first corn year following soybean cropping with the second and third corn cropping years, N uptake of grain and stover at harvest with low N rates such as 0 and 80 kg N/ha increased from 45 to 67kg N/ha, from 35 to 60 kg N/ha, respectively. N uptake of whole plant by soybean rotation increased from 93 to 118 kg N/ha in the first year compared with that in the second and third corn cropping years. However, the N contribution by soybean cropping was small in the second and third continuous corn cropping years. Therefore, it was concluded that the nitrogen fertilizer of 80-100 kg N/ha in the first corn cropping year could be saved by soybean rotation and annual alternative corn-soybean rotation could be the best rotation system.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.543-549
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• 1987

식품에 수은이 오염(汚染)되었을 경우 수세(水沈) 및 조리(調理)중 수은함량에 어떠한 변화가 일어나는가를 알아보기 위해 수은 오염이 우려되는 쌀, 콩나물, 물고기가 사용되었으며 수은의 검출은 무염화(無炎火) 원자흡광법에 의해 측정되었다. 수은을 인위적으로 1ppm수준으로 오염시킨 쌀을 3회 수세시 전체 수은량의 24%가, 4회 수세시 31%가 감소되었으나 취반(炊飯)에 의해서는 유의적인 함량변화를 보이지 않았다. 수은 80ppm으로 오염된 콩나물을 3회 수세한 경우 수은잔류량의 약 26%가 감소하였으나 가열조리에 의해서는 전체 수은량의 감소가 없었다. 콩나물의 가열조리시 수은은 고형물에서 국물로 용출(溶出)되었으며 용출량은 가열시간, 소금농도와 첨가하는 물의 양에 따라 23-41%의 범위에서 다르게 나타났다. 수은 1ppm으로 오염된 물고기의 가열조리시 전체 수은량의 감소는 없었으나 이때 수은은 고형물에서 국물로 용출되었으며 용출량은 조리용수(調理用水)의 소금농도에 의해 2-10%의 범위에서 달리 나타났다. 물고기를 조리후 비가식부(非可食部)를 버리는 경우 오염(汚染)된 수은의 32%가 제거되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.106-115
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the quality characteristics of byeolmijang prepared several roasted whole grain powders (oat, brown rice, black soybean, corn) for eight weeks. As the fermentation progressed, the pH decreased from 6.10~6.12 to 4.48~4.92 and the total acidity increased dramatically from 0.41~0.48% to 1.67~2.24%. There were no differences in the moisture content. The content of reducing sugar decreased, in particular, brown rice sample(C) decreased significantly than the other samples during fermentation. In color, L and b-value decreased all samples, whereas a-value showed a tendency to slightly increase. The total cell counts and lactic acid bacteria revealed an increasing tendency during fermentation. In case of the amino-type nitrogen contents, it increased significantly during the fermentation period, especially control sample (A) showed the highest content significantly. The total polyphenol of all samples increased in the fermentation period. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities also increased, especially corn sample (E) had the highest levels. In by electronic tongue analysis, corn sample (E) revealed higher umami and sourness than the control. So, by adding roasted corn powder, it can enhance function and taste of byeolmijang.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1310-1322
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• 2020

Objective: The current study was conducted to evaluate the quality and profile of fatty acid in the breast and thigh, and the performance of broilers fed diets containing seed or oil of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) as a replacement for soybean, in the rearing period from 29 to 42 days of age. Methods: On the 29th day of age, 120 broilers were distributed in four treatments evaluated in five replicates of six birds. The grain or oil of soybean was respectively replaced on a weight-to-weight basis in the formulation by the seed or oil of chia, constituting the experimental diets. The roasted whole soybean and chia seed were included in the feed at 16.4%, whereas the soybean and chia oils were included at 2.5%. Results: The dietary chia oil increased the lipid peroxidation in the thigh meat, and the dietary chia seed increased the cooking loss of the thigh. However, for the other physicochemical parameters evaluated and for the proximate composition of the breast and thigh, in general, the inclusion of chia seed or oil in the diet provided similar or better results than those observed when the diets contained soybean oil or roasted whole soybean. With regard to the fatty acid profile and associated parameters, dietary chia increased the concentrations of α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids and reduced the Σω-6:Σω-3 ratio and the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices of the broiler meat. However, the dietary chia seed worsened the feed conversion ratio. Conclusion: Diet containing 2.5% chia oil supplied to broilers during the period from 29 to 42 days of age improves the feed conversion ratio, increases the deposition of the ω-3 fatty acids in the breast and thigh, in addition to reducing the Σω-6:Σω-3 ratio and the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices, thereby resulting in meat with higher nutritional quality.

• 한국식품영양과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양과학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Food,Nutrition and Health for 21st Century
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• pp.61-68
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• 2001

Soybean, rice and nuts are the staple foods in South East Asia. In order to clarify the function of these foods in relation to coronary heart diseases, we have done a series of experiments using animals and humans. Soybean protein preparations (SPI) in comparison with an animal protein, casein (CAS), resulted in reducing atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein (apo) E deficient mice that develop an advanced lesion similar to that in humans. This action was attributed to the protein, since the ethanol-extracted SPI (EE-SPI), from which isoflavones and saponins removed, lowered the lesion development in apo E-deficient mice. However, The EE-SPI, compared to the SPI, resulted in a decrease of mRNA for key proteins of cholesterol metabolism (low density lipoprotein receptor and cholesterol 7$\alpha$-hydroxylase) in hypercholesterolemic rats, followed by an elevation of the serum cholesterol level, indicating a contribution of isoflavones to the serum cholesterol level. Rice protein (RPI) was also effective to lower the lesion development in apo E deficient mice. Both the SPI and RPI led to an increased level of the serum NOiN03, metabolites of NO. This effect appeared to be attributed to their high content of arginine. Besides, C57BL/6J mice fed a diet containing whole grain rice had an elevation of the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, rice bran oil and the unsaponifiable fraction that is rich in plant sterols were effective to lower serum cholesterol levels in hypercholeserolemic rats. Finally, we tested if walnuts consumption would be hypocholesterolemic for Japanese. A diet containing walnuts effectively lowered the serum total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in Japanese men and women. These animal and human experiments would be relevant to advocate publics to keep consuming diets including soybean, rice and nuts for their healthful life.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1999년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.145-167
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• 1999

Our self-sufficiency of food has become less than $30{\%}$ and our nation is highly dependant on world's grain market for food. which is unstable in long term due to the world population growth faster than food production. Therefore, it is a great possibility that food might become a political weapon by way of its global shortage. its purchasing difficulty in international free trade market. and the resultant price rising. Our maximal capability of food production has become the most outstanding problem in the dimension of future food security. It would be the utmost scheme for maximal production of food to realize the maximal utilization of arable land through the enlargement of sufficient farming land and the conversion of rotation system for the more grain production. Extensional enlargement of arable land can be positively executed through the development of farming land in domestic and abroad countries. The readjustment of arable land and the installation or irrigation and drainage system can enforce the farming basement for maximal utilization of arable land through the improved rotation between paddy and upland. The prevention policy against farming land encroachment should be strictly executed through grain production encouragement on resting or marginal lands and regulation of utilization conversion for the other than food production on high grade farming lands. It is also required urgently to develope high yielding and high quality varieties through advanced genetic technology for the improvement of unit area yield, especially of wheat, corn. and soybean we import in large quantity The maximal utilization of arable land for the highest production of food can be realized through rational rotation system, the most adaptable crop cultivation on the suitable land, and the most optimal fertilization through the GIS analysis of agricultural environment information on the basis of the computerized soil resource data on super detailed soil maps(1:5000) surveyed plot by plot of whole nation.