• Title/Summary/Keyword: whitening

Search Result 1,186, Processing Time 0.027 seconds

Study on Degradation Characteristic of Plastic Artwork for Conservation (플라스틱 작품 보존을 위한 열화 특성 연구)

  • Yu, Ji A;Cho, Ha Jin;Han, Ye Bin;Lee, Hyun Ju;Lee, Sang Jin;Chung, Yong Jae
    • Journal of Conservation Science
    • /
    • v.31 no.2
    • /
    • pp.87-94
    • /
    • 2015
  • Plastic artwork can be appeared crack, change of color and whitening event by various environment conditions. A large scale plastic artwork often exhibits in outside it will be directly degraded by physical and chemical degradation factor such as strong sunlight, high humidity and rainfall. We should know degradation characteristic of plastics to prevent these damages. In this study, we studied degradation characteristic of plastics (5 types of wide use plastics; polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane) depending on various artificial degradation conditions such as high temperature, ultraviolet and these complex conditions (high temperature and ultraviolet). As a result, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyethylene show the most visible change especially polypropylene, polystyrene. Polypropylene didn't show a great change degree of tensile strength and contact angle, on the other hand polystyrene did. Polypropylene and polystyrene weakened by photo degradation, polyvinyl chloride and polyurethane had relatively good light stability. Also the high temperature and complex conditions were most degradation characteristic. High temperature worked for degradation catalyst because its energy can not enough worked for cut off binding energy of plastics while ultraviolet condition effected as directly degradation condition. Though following results, we expect it can be applied to investigation of degradation factor depending on plastic artwork materials and basic result of plastic artworks conservation.

Elevation of anti-oxidative activity and inhibitory activities against tyrosinase, elastase, collagenase and hyaluronidase of Oplismenus undulatifolius by elicitor treatment (Elicitor 처리한 주름조개풀(Oplismenus undulatifolius)의 항산화, tyrosinase, elastase, collagenase 및 hyaluronidase 억제 활성 증대)

  • Lee, Eun-Ho;Cho, Young-Je
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
    • /
    • v.63 no.3
    • /
    • pp.221-227
    • /
    • 2020
  • This study was designed to assess the change of the antioxidative and biological enzyme activities [tyrosinase, elastase, collagenase, and hyaluronidase (HAase)] of extracts from elicitor-treated Oplismenus undulatifolius. Elicitor-treated O. undulatifolius showed higher total phenolic content than the non-treated extract. As a result of comparing the anti-oxidant activity of elicitor-treated O. undulatifolius extract and non-treated extract, the elicitor-treated group showed high activity. Elicitor-treated O. undulatifolius showed higher elastase and collagenase inhibitory activities as anti-wrinkle effect, tyrosinase inhibitory activity as whitening effect, and anti-inflammation effect to induced as HAase inhibition than the non-treated extract. Therefore, elicitor-treatment during O. undulatifolius cultivation in outdoors will elevate total phenolics content in the plant and elevate of various bioactivities, which will yield high quality for industrialization.

Accumulation and Depletion of Melamine Through Experimental Feeding in Catfish Silurus asotus (메기(Silurus asotus)에 투여한 멜라민의 체내함량 변화)

  • Kim, Poong-Ho;Jo, Mi-Ra;Lee, Hee-Jung;Kim, Kyoung-Duck;Ha, Kwang-Soo;Yoo, Hyun-Duk;Lee, Hong-Sik;Lee, Doo-Seog;Yoon, Ho-Dong
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • v.44 no.6
    • /
    • pp.577-583
    • /
    • 2011
  • In 2007, pet food contaminated with melamine caused hundreds of dogs and cats to develop renal failure all over the world. In 2008, over 294,000 infants consumed infant formula and developed kidney stones in China. Further investigation revealed that fish feed also contained melamine; this raised concerns about melamine residues in edible fish tissues, which could have caused the urinary tract stone epidemic. In Korea, catfish fed with assorted feed that included cuttlefish organs that contained melamine developed whitening syndrome and fell dead in some populations in 2008. This event raised suspicions about the toxicity of melamine and all feeds containing melamine were immediately recalled. In this study, we investigated the rates of melamine accumulation and depletion in muscle and viscera of catfish to propose proper withdrawal periods. One group of catfish was fed a commercially available diet that contained 30, 100 and 300 mg melamine per kg diet for 14 days. To investigate residual melamine contents in muscle and viscera, other experimental groups were fed a melamine free diet after being fed melamine for 7 days. The residual amount of melamine was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The melamine concentration in muscle was estimated to be 3.7 mg/kg after 6 days of feeding with a diet containing 300 mg melamine/kg. After 2 days of culture with a melamine free diet, the residual melamine was depleted and the concentration had decreased from 1.15 mg/kg to 0.19 mg/kg in the muscle of catfish fed a diet containing 300 mg melamine/kg for 7 days. The residual amount of melamine was reduced to 0.03 mg/kg in muscle after 7 days of culture with a melamine free diet and was undetectable after a prolonged culture period of 14 days. Catfish tend to excrete melamine rapidly after oral administration and changes in body color were not observed during the short dosing period.

Effect of Medicinal Herb Prepared through Traditional Antidiabetic Prescription on α-Glucosidase Activity and Evaluation Method for Anti-Melanogenesis Agents Using α-Glucosidase Activity (당뇨 처방에 근거한 생약재의 α-Glucosidase 활성 저해 효과 및 이를 활용한 미백 소재 평가법)

  • Kim, Mi Jin;Im, Kyung Ran;Yoon, Kyung-Sup
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.44 no.7
    • /
    • pp.993-999
    • /
    • 2015
  • For the purpose of investigating the in vitro antidiabetic activity of a medicinal herb and herb mixture extracts prepared through traditional antidiabetic prescription, this study examined ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Tyrosinase, a type I membrane glycoprotein, is synthesized and glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi. The enzyme is subsequently transported to melanosomes, where it participates in melanogenesis. Previous studies showed that disruption of early ER N-glycan processing by an ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor suppresses tyrosinase enzymatic activity and melanogenesis. According to the results, most oriental medicinal herbal extracts were stronger than acarbose and N-butyldeoxynojirimycin, known as an ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor. Interestingly, ethyl acetate layer of enzyme hydrolyzed Cheongsimyeonjaeum had an inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis in B16F1 cells, although it did not inhibit tyrosinase activity directly. Together, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity could be used to evaluate anti-melanogenesis, although cross-checking with melanin inhibitory assay is recommended.

Efficacy Evaluation of Anti-wrinkle Products in Japan

  • Masaki Hitoshi
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
    • /
    • v.29 no.2 s.43
    • /
    • pp.67-77
    • /
    • 2003
  • Two categories of cosmetic products, cosmetics and quasi-drugs, have been established by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) in Japan. Japanese pharmaceutical law has defined that products categorized as cosmetics do not exhibit any effects on human skin. In fact, cosmetic products are not permitted to claim any efficacy. On the other hand, products in the quasi-drug category can claim several efficacies such as anti-inflammatory effects, whitening/lightning effects, hair growth effects and so on. Unfortunately, the Japanese MHLW has not yet approved the efficacy of anti-aging/anti-wrinkle effects as a claim point. However, the population is aging, and the demand for anti-aging/anti-wrinkle products is increasing year by year. Japanese cosmetic companies have proposed to the MHLW that anti-aging/anti-wrinkle agents be approved as a claim concept of a quasi-drug. However, unified evaluation methods for anti-aging/anti-wrinkle effects have not been established. Currently, each company evaluates the efficacy of products/materials using their own original methods. Thus, to request approval of the MHLW, the establishment of a unified evaluation method is needed. Consequently, the Japan Cosmetic Industry Association (JCIA) has established a task force to develop guidelines for evaluating anti-wrinkle effects in 1998. In conclusion, the JCIA would like to adopt visual and image analysis scales to evaluate the anti-wrinkle effects objectively. Generally, wrinkles are roughly classified into three groups as fine wrinkles, linear deep wrinkles and crow's feet. However, academic societies of dermatology or cosmetics have not yet established a definition of wrinkles in Japan. Thus, in advance of setting up an evaluation method, the definition of wrinkles f3r evaluation must be decided. Wrinkles are defined by the task force of the JCIA as follows; furrows that people can recognize visually and that appear on the forehead, the corners of the eyes and the backs of the neck with aging. In addition, furrows are emphasized by exposure to solar light and by dry conditions. Visual evaluation is the most sensitive method and can be applied to most types of wrinkles. However, visual evaluation is hard to express digitally as results. Besides, in the case of image analysis, comparisons of data obtained from distinct examinations can not be done, because data from image analysis are relative values. Thus, to enhance the reliability of the evaluations, the adoption of an objective scale was required. The principle of the evaluation method is to analyze images taken from silicone replicas of wrinkle areas using several parameters, such as the proportion of the wrinkle $area({\%})$, the mean depth of the wrinkles (mm), the mean depth of the deepest wrinkle (m) and the deepest point on the deepest wrinkle. Lights are shown on the skin replica from an orthogonal direction of the main orientation of the wrinkle, and the resulting shadow images are quantified by the image analysis method. To increase the precision of the data or to allow comparisons of independent examinations, a scale with furrows of several depths, 200, 400, 600, 800, and $1000{\mu}m$, is adapted in the evaluation system. I will explain the guidelines established by the JCIA in the presentation.

Antioxidative and Inhibitory Activities on Tyrosinase of Hippophae rhamnoides Leaf Extracts (비타민나무 잎 추출물의 항산화 및 타이로시네이즈 저해활성)

  • Kim, Jung-Eun;Chae, Kyo-Young;Park, Soo-Nam
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
    • /
    • v.37 no.3
    • /
    • pp.265-273
    • /
    • 2011
  • In this study, the antioxidative and inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and elastase of Hippophae rhamnoides (H. rhamnoides) leaf extracts were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction of H. rhamnoides extracts showed more effective free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$ = 4.68 ${\mu}g$/mL). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity ($OSC_{50}$) of the aglycone fraction in the luminol-dependent $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system was 0.19 ${\mu}g$/mL. The aglycone fraction exhibited more prominent cellular protective effects (${\tau}_{50}$, 133.3 min at 10 ${\mu}g$/mL) in the $^1O_2$-induced photohemolysis of human erythrocytes. The inhibitory effect ($IC_{50}$) of the aglycone fraction on tyrosinase was 54.86 ${\mu}g$/mL, and more effective than arbutin known as whitening agent. These results indicate that fractions of Hippophae rhamnoides extract can be used as antioxidants in biological system, particulaly skin exposed to UV radiation by quenching and/or scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protecting cellular membranes against ROS.

Isolation of Bioactive Compounds from the Ethylacetate Fraction of Fermented Garlic Complex and their Tyrosinase Inhibition Activities (대산(大蒜)을 포함하는 복합발효물의 에틸아세테이트 분획으로부터 Tyrosinase 저해활성 성분의 분리 및 동정)

  • Song, Hyo-Nam;Baek, Nam-In
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
    • /
    • v.33 no.2
    • /
    • pp.63-72
    • /
    • 2020
  • Fermented complex from garlic and nine medicinal plants were developed as a natural whitening material. Tyrosinase inhibition activity was determined and four active compounds were isolated. The nutritional components of fermented garlic complex (FGC) were analyzed to confirm the applicability as a functional food material. Tyrosinase inhibitory effect of FGC was 88.6%. Methanol extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH and H2O. From the EtOAc fraction (47 g), which showed the highest yield, active fractions were separated by repeated TLC, silica gel and ODS column chromatography to isolate active compounds. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were analyzed by NMR and MS spectra. Phenylpropanoid compounds of 2,4,5-trihydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid (1) (1.9 mg) and 2,3,5-trihydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid (2) were confirmed. In addition, 2,4-dihydroxy-hydrocinnamic acid (3) (3.3 mg) and (+)sesamin (4) (6.1 mg) were isolated. These compounds will be useful as index compounds or functional compounds in FGC.

Effect of tooth bleaching agents on color of tooth depend on content of carbamide peroxide (Carbamide peroxide의 함량에 따른 치아미백제의 치아에 대한 효과)

  • Chung, Suk-Min;Nam, Sang-Yong;Kwak, Dong-Ju
    • Journal of Technologic Dentistry
    • /
    • v.23 no.1
    • /
    • pp.85-93
    • /
    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of commercial home-tooth bleaching agents on the color of tooth. Twenty five sound extracted teeth were randomly divided into five groups. The color differences between before and after treatment with five types of tooth bleaching agents (7.5% hydrogen peroxide Nite White $Excel^{(R)}$, 10% carbamide peroxide Nite White $Excel^{(R)}$, 16% carbamide peroxide Nite White $Excel^{(R)}$, 10% carbamide peroxide Insta-BriteTM, 20% carbamide peroxide Insta-$Brite^{TM}$) were evaluated. The results were as follows: 1. By 2 week home tooth bleaching agent applications, the values ($L^*$) of bovine teeth increased as high as 4.38 $\sim$ 8.80 when comparing to those of the samples before treatment, and the color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) showed as high as 10.16 $\sim$ 15.04. 2. 16% carbamide peroxide Nite White Excel induced significantly greater ${\Delta}L^*$ than other test edgroups except for 7.5% hydrogen peroxide Day White Excel, and significantly greater ${\Delta}E^*$ than other tested groups by 2 week bleaching agent treatments (p<0.01). 3. 16% carbamide peroxide Nite White Excel(${\Delta}L^*$=8.80, ${\Delta}E^*$=15.04) induced significantly greater ${\Delta}L^*$ and ${\Delta}E^*$ than 10% carbamide peroxide Nite White Excel(${\Delta}L^*$=5.01, ${\Delta}E^*$=10.16)(p<0.01), but significant difference between 10% carbamide peroxide Insta-Brite(${\Delta}L^*$=4.38, ${\Delta}E^*$=10.51) and 20% carbamide peroxide Insta-Brite(${\Delta}L^*$=5.63, ${\Delta}E^*$=11.23) was not shown in ${\Delta}L^*$ and ${\Delta}E^*$(p>0.01). 4. 16% carbamide peroxide Nite White Excel(${\Delta}L^*$=8.80, ${\Delta}E^*$=15.04) which were applied in night time induced significantly greater ${\Delta}L^*$ and ${\Delta}E^*$ than 7.5% hydrogen peroxide Day White Excel(${\Delta}L^*$=8.47, ${\Delta}E^*$=12.75) which were applied in day time. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that all the commercial home-tooth bleaching agents have appreciable bleaching effect on teeth, and the effects of home-tooth bleaching agents which are used during night time are affected by content of carbamide peroxide. Especially the whitening effect of home tooth bleaching agents that are used through night time is greater than that of short time-applying tooth bleaching agent.

  • PDF

The Melanin Inhibition, Anti-aging and Anti-inflammation Effects of Portulaca oleracea Extracts on Cells (쇠비름 추출물의 미백 및 항노화, 항염증 효과)

  • Zhang, Rui;Lee, Hyun-Jin;Yoon, Yeong-Min;Kim, Su-Mi;Kim, Hyun-Sook;Li, Shun Hua;An, Sung-Kwan
    • KSBB Journal
    • /
    • v.24 no.4
    • /
    • pp.397-402
    • /
    • 2009
  • The Portulaca oleracea (P. oleracea) is a popular herbal medicine in East Asia that was known to possess detoxification, antifebrile and antifungal effects. In the present study, we examined the biological activities of ethanol extracts of P. oleracea under various conditions with NIH3T3, B16F10, and MCF-7 cell line model systems. Extracts of P. oleracea (0.5 mg/ml) showed inhibition of expression of tyrosinase, but does not suppress either of TYRP-1 or DCT expression on B16F10 cells. Extracts of P. oleracea (2 mg/ml) showed anti-inflammatory effects on TNF-$\alpha$-stimulated NIH3T3/$NF{\kappa}B$-Luc cells and increase of the synthesis of collagen on NIH3T3 (wild type) cells. These results suggest that extracts of P. oleracea could be used as a functional biomaterial in developing a skin whitening agent and having the anti-inflammatory, anti-wrinkle, and anti-aging activities.

Effect of Fluoridated Bleaching Agents and Post-treatment Fluoride Application on the Color and Microhardness of Enamel Surface (불소를 함유한 치아미백제가 치아 표면의 색과 미세경도에 미치는 영향)

  • Shim, Youn-Soo;Jung, Sang-Hee
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
    • /
    • v.10 no.4
    • /
    • pp.295-300
    • /
    • 2010
  • The aim of this study were to elucidate effects of fluoridated bleaching agents and post-treatment fluoride application on the color and microhardness of enamel surface. Twenty freshly extracted human adult molar were each sectioned into halves, the specimens divided and treated according to four experimental groups: 1, untreated controls: 2, treatment with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching agent; 3, treatment with 10% CP containing 0.11% fluoride; 4, treatment with 10% CP followed by a 0.9% sodium fluoride gel application. Group 2-4 were compared with the baseline data. treated 8 h per day for 14 days then immersed in distilled water for 2 weeks. Changes in enamel color and microhardness were evaluated on Days 7 and 14. All the bleached enamel specimens revealed increased whiteness and overall color value. Groups 2 and 4 showed significantly decreased enamel microhardness compared to their baseline. The specimens treated with fluoridated bleaching agents showed relatively less reduction in enamel microhardness than those treated with nonfluoridated agents during the bleaching treatment. The addition of fluoride did not impede the tooth whitening. The fluoridated bleaching agents reduced the microhardness loss of enamel.