• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.145-148
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• 1996

This paper was carried out to investigate change in the initial microorganism of Pepper which were treated with ozonated water for microbial decontamination. When ozonated water was 30, 60, 90minutes treatment, there was decrease in the overall total microbial of the black & white pepper. Total lactic acid bacteria died completely after contacted with ozonated water for 60minutes but the inhibition rate on the total aerobic bacteria of black & white pepper were 62% and 96%, respectively. Total aerobic bacteria of four packing material was increased after 1 months of storage at 37$^{\circ}C$ when it had treated with 90minutes ozone reaction Then, there was no significant changes in the piperin contents.

• Mycobiology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2014

Entomopathogenic fungi are promising pest-control agents but their industrial applicability is limited by their thermosusceptibility. With an aim to increase the thermotolerance of Isaria fumosorosea SFP-198, moisture absorbents were added to dried conidial powder, and the relationship between its water potential and thermotolerance was investigated. Mycotized rice grains were dried at $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, and $40^{\circ}C$ and the drying effect of each temperature for 24, 48, 96, and 140 hr was determined. Drying for 48 hr at $10^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ reduced the moisture content to < 5% without any significant loss of conidial thermotolerance, but drying at $30^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$ reduced both moisture content and conidial thermotolerance. To maintain thermotolerance during storage, moisture absorbents, such as calcium chloride, silica gel, magnesium sulfate, white carbon, and sodium sulfate were individually added to previously dried-conidial powder at 10% (w/w). These mixtures was then stored at room temperature for 30 days and subjected to $50^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr. The white carbon mixture had the highest conidial thermotolerance, followed by silica gel, magnesium sulfate, and then the other absorbents. A significant correlation between the water potential and conidial thermotolerance was observed in all conidia-absorbent mixtures tested in this study (r = -0.945). Conidial thermotolerance in wet conditions was evaluated by adding moisturized white carbon (0~20% $H_2O$) to conidia to mimic wet conditions. Notably, the conidia still maintained their thermotolerance under these conditions. Thus, it is evident that conidial thermotolerance can be maintained by drying mycotized rice grains at low temperatures and adding a moisture absorbent, such as white carbon.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.613-618
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• 2005

In analysis of pipelines or pipe network we calculated the friction loss using Hazen-Williams or Manning formula approximately, or found one by friction coefficient from Moody diagram graphically. The friction coefficient is determined as a function of relative roughness and Reynolds number. But the calculated friction coefficient by Hazen-Williams or Manning formula considered roughness of pipe or velocity of flow. The friction coefficient in Darcy-Weisbach equation was obtained from the Moody diagram. This method is manual and is not exact from reading. This paper is presented numerical solution of Colebrook-White formula including variables of relative roughness and Reynolds number. The suggested subroutine program by an efficient linear iteration scheme can be applied to any pipe network system.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.416-419
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• 2020

Two cold water species of dendronotid nudibranchs are described for the first time in Korea: Dendronotus frondosus (Ascanius, 1774) and Dendronotus robilliardi Korshunova, Sanamyan, Zimina, Fletcher & Martynov, 2016. Dendronotus frondosus is characterized by the color pattern of deep dark-brown with white specks and mottles on the dorsum. Dendronotus robilliardi is distinguished by the body of translucent white with milky stripes and orange-brown markings in papillae, and D. robilliardi from Korean water is commonly examined with white dots on the anterior dorsum. Images of external morphology and brief re-descriptions of two species were provided. Further, we confirmed the opinion of Korshunova et al. that the Korean D. albus image by Koh would be D. robilliardi.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2015

In the present study, an optimum protease was selected to hydrolyze the egg white liquid protein for the antioxidant peptides. Alcalase treatment yielded the highest amount of ${\alpha}$-amino groups (15.27 mg/mL), while the control (no enzymatic hydrolysis) showed the lowest amount of ${\alpha}$-amino groups (1.53 mg/mL). Alcalase also gave the highest degree of hydrolysis (DH) value (43.2%) and was more efficient for egg white liquid hydrolysis than the other enzymes. The Alcalase hydrolysate had the highest radical-scavenging activity (82.5%) at a concentration of 5.0 mg/mL. The conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis of egg white liquid with Alcalase were selected as substrate : water ratio of 2:1. Five percent Alacalse treatment did not show significant (P>0.05) increases of DH and ${\alpha}$-amino nitrogen content after 24 hhydrolysis. Thirty two hour-hydrolysis with 5% Alcalase is sufficient to make antioxidative egg white liquid hydrolysate from egg white liquid. DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities were significantly (P<0.05) higher after enzymatic digestion. These results suggest that active peptides released from egg-white protein are effective radical-scavengers. Thus, this approach may be useful for the preparation of potent antioxidant products.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제10권
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• pp.51-56
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• 1971

청도군이서면과 김제군죽산면에서 발생된 수도심고선충을 분리하여 그 병실과 병원선충의 형태를 조사하고 그 전염경로와 온탕처리방제에 관한 약간의 실험을 실시하였는데 그 지과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 발병되었던 포장에서는 매년발병된다. 즉 포장전염을 한다. 2. 발병되었던 벼 종자는 그 종자를 통해서 전염한다. 3. 관개수를 통해서 전염한다. 4. 토양중에서 선충이 생존하고 있다가 토양의 이동으로 선충이 전염된다. 5. 선충은 이삭과 뿌리에 많이 분포되어 있지만 성숙식물전체부분에 널리 분포되여 있다가 그것을 통해서 전염된다. 6. 5$0^{\circ}C$, 55$^{\circ}C$, 6$0^{\circ}C$의 온탕에서 5분간격으로 60분까지 종자처리를 하여 살선충효과와 발아와의 관계를 조사하였던 바 5$0^{\circ}C$에서는 60분간 처리하여도 효과가 없고 55$^{\circ}C$에서는 15~20분간, 6$0^{\circ}C$에서는 10~15분간만 처리하여도 효과가 있음을 알았다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.290-295
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• 1998

Presowing treatements to seed are reasonable for elevating the seedling production efficiency. This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of $GA_3$ [0 (water) : 0.01 mM] and light qulaity (red : white) simultaneously treated before sowing on seedling emergence and growth of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cv NC 82 and Burley 21. Red or white light was illuminated 12 hours a day while seeds of the cultivars were imbibed with either water or $GA_3$ 0.01 mM for 3 days. Seedling emergence was measured up to 20 days after sowing but morphological characters and dry weights were done 40 days. The seedling emergence rate of cv NC 82 was more affected by light quality and $GA_3$ pretreatments than that of cv Burley 21. Light quality more influenced the rate than $GA_3$ while red light or water imbibition enhanced the rates of the two cultivars compared to the other treatement. Although mean plant height and leaf number per seedling were nearly equal between the treatements, red light declined leaf area per seedling of cv Burley 21 of which seeds were imbibed in water but white light decreased the areas of both cultiars of which seeds were soaked in $GA_3$solution. Shoot dry weight was greater in cv NC 82 but less in cv Burley 21 pretreated with red light, and root dry weight showed the reverse result in white light, meaning that presowing light and $GA_3$ treatments could be changed the seedling development and growth of tobacco.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the growth and skin color of red- and white-colored fancy carp Cyprinus carpio var. koi juvenile reared at different water temperatures (21, 24, 27, and $30^{\circ}C$) for eight weeks. Two experimental diets were prepared to contain 10% Arthrospira platensis or 10% Arthrospira pacifica powder. After the feeding trial, survival was 100% in all group. Weight gain of fish reared at 24, 27, and $30^{\circ}C$ was higher than $21^{\circ}C$ group. Feed efficiency was not affected by water temperature and dietary Arthrospira sp. Daily feed intake tended to increase with water temperature. The $a^*$ value of skin coloration was affected by Arthrospira sp., but not by water temperature. Fish fed the diet containing A. pacifica powder reared at $27^{\circ}C$ had the highest $a^*$ value among the groups. Total carotenoids were highest in fish fed the diet containing A. pacifica powder reared at $21^{\circ}C$. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that 24-$30^{\circ}C$ water temperature was the optimal range for growth, and dietary inclusion of A. pacifica improved the skin redness of red- and white-colored fancy carp reared at $27^{\circ}C$.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.928-935
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 천연물 유래 항산화 소재로서 흰색 느티만가닥버섯(Hypsizygus marmoreus)의 부위별 이용 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 흰색 느티만가닥버섯을 갓(pileus)과 대(stipe)로 분리하여 열수와 80% 에탄올에 침지한 다음 부위별 항산화 활성을 조사하였다. 흰색 느티만가닥버섯은 에탄올 추출물(갓 부위 923.47±0.18 mg GAE/100 g, 대 부위 324.05±0.03 mg GAE/100 g)에 비해 열수 추출물(갓 부위 1137.39±0.38 mg GAE/100 g, 대 부위 700.86±0.06 mg GAE/100 g)의 총 폴리페놀 함량이 높게 나타났고 대 부위보다는 갓 부위의 총 폴리페놀 함량이 높게 나타났다. DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성은 10 mg/ml의 농도에서 에탄올 추출물 갓 부위의 활성이 47.32±0.23%로 가장 높았으며 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성도 10 mg/ml의 농도에서 에탄올 추출물 갓 부위의 활성이 57.33±0.10%로 가장 높았다. 환원력과 ORAC 지수는 에탄올 추출물에 비해 열수 추출물이 높게 나타났고 환원력은 갓 부위와 대 부위에 큰 차이가 없었으나 ORAC 지수는 대 부위보다는 갓 부위가 높게 나타났다. 흰색 느티만가닥버섯 추출물의 세포 독성은 WST-1 assay를 이용하여 추출물이 RAW 264.7 세포에 미치는 영향으로 평가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면, 흰색 느티만가닥버섯의 총 폴리페놀 함량과 항산화 활성은 추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며 대 부위보다는 갓 부위의 항산화 활성이 우수하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2014

A systematic comparison of the physicochemical properties of white ginseng (WG), extruded white ginseng (EWG), red ginseng (RG), and extruded red ginseng (ERG) was performed. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of the physicochemical properties of ginseng by extrusion cooking. The highest value of the water absorption index (WAI) was 3.64 g/g obtained from EWG, and the highest value of the water solubility index (WSI) was 45.27% obtained from ERG. The ERG had a better dispersibility compared with other samples. Extrusion cooking led to a significant increase in acidic polysaccharide and total sugar content but resulted in a decrease in crude fat and reducing sugar contents. Enzyme treatment led to a sharp increase in acidic polysaccharide content, especially the cellulose enzyme. Extrusion cooking led to a significant increase in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reducing power, and the increases in WG and RG were 13.56% (0.038) and 3.56% (0.026), respectively. The data of this study provide valuable information about the effects of extrusion on quality changes of EWG and ERG.