• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.745-752
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in vitamin B₆ content according to the varieties, regions, and harvest times of vegetables and fruits in Korea using high performance liquid chromatography. We verified the accuracy of the analytical method with standard reference material 1849a and achieved reliability for internal analysis quality control with a mixture of cereal, whole wheat, and flour. As a result of the analysis, vitamin B₆ contents (㎍/100 g) were 6.9~86.5 in peppers, 5.1~17.2 in paprika, 4.4~5.0 in strawberries, 4.0~52.9 in tomatoes, 7.7~7.8 in Chinese cabbage, 17.3~23.3 in radishes, 13.4~37.6 in apples, 2.3~12.7 in peaches, and 3.7~12.7 in grapes. In general, the difference in vitamin B₆ content showed by varieties, harvest times, and regions. Peppers showed the most difference as 79.6 ㎍/100 g among the varieties, and apples showed a difference as 22.8 ㎍/100 g by regions. According to the harvest times in grape 'Mihwang', there was a difference of 7.5 ㎍/100 g. We will collect an amount of nutritional data on various food materials, and continue to build a reliable and integrated nutritional database. And then the database will be used in the 10th revision of the Korean Food Composition Table.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.445-452
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• 2011

The object of this experiment was to investigate the food habits of Korean native goats fed with various roughage sources. The experimental trials were conducted at Unbong Animal Genetic Resources Station in 2008. The experimental roughages include five sources and 25 species in all; grasses and legumes: 5 species (mixed grasses, orchardgrass, tall fescue, alfalfa, white clover), native grasses and weeds: 5 species (mixed native grasses, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, Barnyard grass, short awn, forage crops and straw: 5 species (barley + hairy vetch, wheat + hairy vetch, rye silage, barley silage, baled rice straw), browse and fallen leaves: 5 species (Mixed browse, Oriental white oak, Quercus serrta Thunb., Oriental cherry fallen leaves, Japanese chestnut fallen leaves), and imported hay and straw: 5 species(timothy hay, tall fescue straw, annual ryegrass straw, klinegrass hay, alfalfa hay). Ten Korean native goats were selected which had nearly the same body weight (average $24{\pm}2.8$ kg). The chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of each roughage source and species were significantly different at the sampling area, plant species, growth stages and cutting period (p<0.05). Among all the 25 species of roughages, the favorite intake species order by Korean native goat was observed like this: Quercus aliena, Querancas serrta Thunb and Mixed browse, which was a lower intake compared to other domestic herbivores. The Korean native goats ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. The Korean native goats ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. On the other hand, compared to each roughage source, total intake amount by Korean native goats was showed as browse and fallen leaves (33.1%) among trials roughage sources. Based on these results, the food habit of Korean native goats seems to be closer to the browser.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.437-444
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• 2011

The object of this experiment was to investigate the food habits of sika deer fed with various roughage sources. The experimental trials were conducted at Unbong Animal Genetic Resources Station in 2008. The experimental roughages include five sources and 25 species in all; grasses and legumes: 5 species (mixed grasses, orchardgrass, tall fescue, alfalfa, white clover), native grasses and weeds: 5 species (mixed native grasses, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, barnyard grass, short awn, forage crops (hay, silages and straw): 5 species (barley + hairy vetch, Wheat + hairy vetch, rye silage, barley silage, baled rice straw), browse and fallen leaves: 5 species (mixed browse, oriental white oak, Quercus serrta Thunb., oriental cherry fallen leaves, Japanese chestnut fallen leaves), and imported hays and straws: 5 species (timothy hay, tall fescue straw, annual ryegrass straw, klinegrass hay, alfalfa hay). Five sika deer were used as experimental animals and the averaged body weight was 95+5.4kg. The chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of each roughage source and species were significantly different at the sampling area, plant species, growth stages and cutting period(p<0.05). The sika deer ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. Among all the 25 species of roughages, the favorite intake roughage sources ranking by sika deer was observed like this: browse and fallen leaves (32.2%), grass and legumes (27.0%), native grasses and weeds (22.0%), imported hays (12.9%) and forages crops (5.5%) respectively. Although, the sika deer ate more browse leaves, but ate more roughage which had low fibrous contents (NDF and ADF), but high drymatter digestibility. On the other hand, compared to each roughage source, total intake amount by sika deer was showed as browse and fallen leaves (32.2%). Based on the result, the food habit of sika deer seems to be closer to the typical browser.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 1997

A phosphate solubilizing bacterium (PSB) possessing a high ability to solubilize hydroxyapatite (HA) was isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat. The PSB markedly developed clear zones after inoculating for 36 hours at $30^{\circ}C$. This bacterium was identified as Enterobacter agglomerans through API 20E system and Biolog$^{TM}$ analysis. The values of similarity and distance coefficient from authentication trial of the strain were 0.656 and 4.79 respectively. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the products of this strain indicated that this strain excretes maily oxalic acid with som other organic acids. During the incubation period of E. agglomerans, the pH values showed an inverse correlation ($r^2=0.933^{**}$) with solubilization of inorganic phosphate. Acid phosphatase activity of the strain was 10-15 times greater than alkaline phosphatase activity. Alkaline phosphatase activity had almost constant near zero activity across time. The population of E. agglomerans greatly increased during the first day of inoculation ; however, it drastically decreased thereafter.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.145-167
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• 1999

Our self-sufficiency of food has become less than $30{\%}$ and our nation is highly dependant on world's grain market for food. which is unstable in long term due to the world population growth faster than food production. Therefore, it is a great possibility that food might become a political weapon by way of its global shortage. its purchasing difficulty in international free trade market. and the resultant price rising. Our maximal capability of food production has become the most outstanding problem in the dimension of future food security. It would be the utmost scheme for maximal production of food to realize the maximal utilization of arable land through the enlargement of sufficient farming land and the conversion of rotation system for the more grain production. Extensional enlargement of arable land can be positively executed through the development of farming land in domestic and abroad countries. The readjustment of arable land and the installation or irrigation and drainage system can enforce the farming basement for maximal utilization of arable land through the improved rotation between paddy and upland. The prevention policy against farming land encroachment should be strictly executed through grain production encouragement on resting or marginal lands and regulation of utilization conversion for the other than food production on high grade farming lands. It is also required urgently to develope high yielding and high quality varieties through advanced genetic technology for the improvement of unit area yield, especially of wheat, corn. and soybean we import in large quantity The maximal utilization of arable land for the highest production of food can be realized through rational rotation system, the most adaptable crop cultivation on the suitable land, and the most optimal fertilization through the GIS analysis of agricultural environment information on the basis of the computerized soil resource data on super detailed soil maps(1:5000) surveyed plot by plot of whole nation.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.215-223
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• 2007

The genes encoding non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs), members of a small multigene family, show a complex pattern of expressional regulation, suggesting that some diversification may have resulted from changes in their expression after duplication. In this study, the evolution of nsLTP genes within the Poaceae family was characterized via a survey of the pseudogenes and unigenes encoding the nsLTP in rice pseudomolecules and the NCBI unigene database. nsLTP-rich regions were detected in the distal portions of rice chromosomes 11 and 12; these may have resulted from the most recent large segmental duplication in the rice genome. Two independent tandem duplications were shown to occur within the nsLTP-rich regions of rice. The genomic distribution of the nsLTP genes in the rice genome differs from that in wheat. This may be attributed to gene migration, chromosomal rearrangement, and/or differential gene loss. The genomic distribution pattern of nsLTP genes in the Poaceae family points to the existence of some differences among cereal nsLTP genes, all of which diverged from an ancient gene. The unigenes encoding nsLTPs in each cereal species are clustered into five groups. The somewhat different distribution of nsLTP-encoding EST clones between the groups across cereal species imply that independent duplication(s) followed by subfunctionalization (and/or neofunctionalization) of the nsLTP gene family in each species occurred during speciation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.751-756
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• 2005

Effect of barley bran flour on bread quality was investigated. With addition of barley bran flour, crude protein and ash contents of bread increased, and color of crumb and crust became darker than control group made with pure wheat flour. Content of dietary fiber in bread made with 5% barley bran flour was twofold higher than that of control group. Hardness of bread increased and volume decreased in proportion to bran content. Sensory qualities of 5% barley bran flour-added group and control group were not significantly different, but decreased in 10 and 15% barley bran flour-added groups, revealing optimal content of barley bran flour to be 5%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.313-335
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• 1998

If the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases double, the annual temperature increase in mean surface temperature relative to 1990 will be about 2.0 to $2.5^{\circ}C$ and the annual precipitation increase about $15{\%}$ by 2100 in Korea. When the temperature rises $2^{\circ}C$, the annual temperature will be $13^{\circ}C,\;15^{\circ}C,\;and\;16^{\circ}C$ in Western Central, Yeongnam Basin, and Southern Coastal respectively. Consequently the crop period could be prolonged $10{\~}29$ days. In the case of gradual global warming, annual crops could be adapted to the changed environment by breeding, and the perennial crops should be shifted to ether area. If global warming happens suddenly over the threshold of atmospheric greenhouse gases concentration, then we shall have disturbance of ecosystem. When $2^{\circ}C$ higher than present, the optimum flowering date of rice plant delayed about 10 days, so it may not possible to adopt the fate with present japonica rices, therefore, the recommended characteristics of rice varieties are longer basic vegetative period, more late maturing and higher ripening temperature. Barley and wheat crops could be shifted to northern coastal areas and apple production areas should be shifted to those areas under $13.5^{\circ}C$ in annual mean temperature at global warming. Ideotypes of crops under climate changes should have such ecological characteristics that are indispensable to accomplish the sustainable agriculture under increased $CO_{2}$ and temperature condition as the diversification of genetic resources from yield-oriented to biomass-oriented characteristics with the higher potentials of $CO_{2}$ absorption and Primary production. In addition, a heat-tolerance, a pest resistance, an environmental adaptability and a production stability should be also incorporated collectively into our integrated agroecosystem.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1446-1454
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• 2021

Herein, we cloned and expressed an endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene (celA1805) from Bacillus subtilis B111 in Escherichia coli. The recombinant celA1805 contains a glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 8 domain and shared 76.8% identity with endo-1,4-β-glucanase from Bacillus sp. KSM-330. Results showed that the optimal pH and temperature of celA1805 were 6.0 and 50℃, respectively, and it was stable at pH 3-9 and temperature ≤50℃. Metal ions slightly affected enzyme activity, but chemical agents generally inhibited enzyme activity. Moreover, celA1805 showed a wide substrate specificity to CMC, barley β-glucan, lichenin, chitosan, PASC and avicel. The K_m and V_max values of celA1805 were 1.78 mg/ml and 50.09 µmol/min/mg. When incubated with cellooligosaccharides ranging from cellotriose to cellopentose, celA1805 mainly hydrolyzed cellotetrose (G4) and cellopentose (G5) to cellose (G2) and cellotriose (G3), but hardly hydrolyzed cellotriose. The concentrations of reducing sugars saccharified by celA1805 from wheat straw, rape straw, rice straw, peanut straw, and corn straw were increased by 0.21, 0.51, 0.26, 0.36, and 0.66 mg/ml, respectively. The results obtained in this study suggest potential applications of celA1805 in biomass saccharification.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.40-45
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• 2000

Low density ceramic supporter was prepared by using fly ash as a starting mterial with borax or glass powders. Also the wheat powders were used by 30 wt% to increase the initial porosity of the supporter. The density of the supporter decreased as the amount of borax increased. The bulk density of $0.79g/\textrm{cm}^3$ and the apparent density of $1.10g/\textrm{cm}^3$ were obtained when the fly ash with 15% of borax was sintered at $1160^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes. The density also decreased as the plate glass powders past through $212\mu\textrm{m}$ size were mixed. When the fly ash with 12% of glass powder was sintered at $1280^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes, the bulk and apparent density were $0.90g/\textrm{cm}^3$ and $1.00g/\textrm{cm}^3$, respectively.