• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.80-92
• /
• 1977

This experiment investigated the effect of various moisture levels on the top and root growth of barley and its yield. Resistant varieties to excess moisture injury shortened plant height, but tillered more, having creeping plant type compared with ordinary one, and greater portion of root of this varieties occured at the deeper soil depths with longer root length. However, susceptible one to excess moisture injury showed an inversed trend when compared with the untreated one. Oversaturated treatment compared with the untreated increased a little bit soil temperature and Eh of soil. Increased root activity and increased yield were obtained with resistant varieties compared with the untreated. Lower root activity and less yield than those of the untreated were observed in both extreme treatments. Yield reduction in both the extreme treatments was mainly due to reduction of tiller number, grain number and 1, 000-grain weight. Highest yield reduction was marked at the stage of internode elongation in the oversaturated and at the booting stage in the overdried treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 2015

To compare the microstructure and electrochemical properties between two binary alloys (Cr-Si, Ni-Si), two composition of binary alloys with the same capacity were selected using phase-diagram and prepared by matrix-stabilization method to suppress the volume expansion of Si by inactive-matrix. Master alloys were made by Arc-melting followed by fine structured ribbon sample preparation by Rapid Solidification Process (RSP, Melt-spinning method) under the same conditions. Also powder samples were produced by wet grinding for X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical measurements. As predicted from the phase diagram, only active-Si and inactive-matrix ($CrSi_2$, $NiSi_2$) were detected. The results of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (TEM-EDS) show that Cr-Si alloy has finer microstructure than Ni-Si alloy, which was also predictable through phase diagram. The electrochemical properties related to microstructure were evaluated by coin type full- and half-cells. Separately, self-designed test-cells were used to measure the volume expansion of Si during reaction. Volume expansion of Cr-Si alloy electrode with finer microstructure was suppressed significantly and improved in cycle capability, in comparison Ni-Si alloy with coarse microstructure. From these, we could infer the correlation of microstructure, volume expansion and electrochemical degradation and these properties might be predicted by phase diagram.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.26 no.12
• /
• pp.733-740
• /
• 2016

$Al_2O_3$ nanosol dispersed under ethanol or N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP) was studied and optimized with various dispersion factors and by utilizing the silane modification method. The two kinds of $Al_2O_3$ powders used were prepared by thermal decomposition method from aluminum ammonium sulfate$(AlNH_4(SO_4)_2)$ while controlling the calcination temperature. $Al_2O_3$ sol was prepared under ethanol solvent by using a batch-type bead mill. The dispersion properties of the $Al_2O_3$ sol have a close relationship to the dispersion factors such as the pH, the amount of acid additive(nitric acid, acetic acid), the milling time, and the size and combination of zirconia beads. Especially, $Al_2O_3$ sol added 4 wt% acetic acid was found to maintain the dispersion stability while its solid concentration increased to 15 wt%, this stability maintenance was the result of the electrostatic and steric repulsion of acetic acid molecules adsorbed on the surface of the $Al_2O_3$ particles. In order to observe the dispersion property of $Al_2O_3$ sol under NMP solvent, $Al_2O_3$ sol dispersed under ethanol solvent was modified and solvent-exchanged with N-Phenyl-(3-aminopropyl)trimethoxy silane(APTMS) through a binary solvent system. Characterization of the $Al_2O_3$ powder and the nanosol was observed by XRD, SEM, ICP, FT-IR, TGA, Particles size analysis, etc.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.306-314
• /
• 1999

In underground spaces including nuclear waste repository, prediction of air quantity, temperature/humidity and pollutant concentration is utmost important for space construction and management during the normal state as well as for determining the measures in emergency cases such as underground fires. This study aims at developing a model for underground space environment which has capabilities to take into account the effects of autocompression for the natural ventilation head calculation, to find the optimal location and size of fans and regulators, to predict the temperature and humidity by calculating the convective heat transfer coefficient and the sensible and latent heat transfer rates, and to estimate the pollutant levels throughout the network. The temperature/humidity prediction model was applied to a military storage underground space and the relative differences of dry and wet temperatures were 1.5 ~ 2.9% and 0.6 ~ 6.1%, respectively. The convection-based pollutant transport model was applied to two different vehicle tunnels. Coefficients of turbulent diffusion due to the atmospheric turbulence were found to be 9.78 and 17.35$m^2$/s, but measurements of smoke and CO concentrations in a tunnel with high traffic density and under operation of ventilation equipment showed relative differences of 5.88 and 6.62% compared with estimates from the convection-based model. These findings indicate convection is the governing mechanism for pollutant diffusion in most of the tunnel-type spaces.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.58-64
• /
• 1982

The fresh threshed paddy-mat dryings on the various environments were analyzed on their drying characteristics and rice quality resulted. The moisture content of paddy was mainly determined by the accumulated solar energy received, and which was expressed as a simple equation. The drying characteristics revealed to follow a constant rate drying type, and as the depth increased the more typical constant-rate drying pattern was observed. The relationship between the drying rate and bed depth was established with a simple exponential equation. The raking operation during the drying period showed a favorable effect both on the drying rate and the reduction of crack formation. Drying environments such as straw mat, concrete, ground, polyethylene film did not affect significantly the drying rate and rice quality. Considering the drying rate and quality, the optimum bed depth of mat paddy drying was around 6 cm.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.216-222
• /
• 1994

This study was conducted to obtain practical information on the efficient drying of animal manure under the sunny dry condition. The effects of the height of manure pile (5, 10, 15, and 20cm), stirring times (0, 1, 2, and 4 times/day), the addition of dried manure (30%, w/w), and the type of drying bed on the removal of water from fresh pig manure were investigated in a plastic house. Pig manure was dried very well by lowering the height of manure pile and the drying efficiency was the highest at 10cm height. Water evaporation rate was the greatest at the twice stirring per day treatment. The addition of dried manure as bulking material enhanced the water evaporation rate of wet pig manure. The amounts of water removed for 19 days under the condition of 10cm height of manure pile and twice-stirring in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 75.6, 73.3, 54.6 and $32.6kg/1.2m^2$, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.331-336
• /
• 2011

The present study investigated survival and growth of the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai and sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicus co-cultured and supplied with abalone formula feed (AFF) and dry sea tangle (DST) in indoor tank. During the experimental period from April 20 to July 15 in 2011, we used abalone with shell length of $28.54{\pm}1.23mm$ and total weight of $2.92{\pm}0.26g$. The sea cucumber used in the experiment weighed $3.0{\pm}0.2g$ in wet weight. For the experiment, 3 types of feeds including AFF, DST and AFF-DST mixed (1:1) group were supplied to abalone and sea cucumber. During the experiment, survival of abalone reached over 97.0% and 87.0% for sea cucumber in three experimental tanks. Survival of the abalone was found to be higher in DST group, while it was lower among sea cucumber, although the survival was not significantly different among three experimental group. Growth of abalone fed with AFF was significantly higher, while the growth rate of sea cucumber was highest in the tank fed with AFF+DST mixed diet (P < 0.05).

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.13 no.9
• /
• pp.1337-1347
• /
• 2010

Fingerprint recognition is a biometric technology to identify individual by using fingerprint features such ridges and valleys. Most fingerprint systems perform the recognition based on minutiae points after acquiring a fingerprint image from contact type sensor. They have an advantage of acquiring a clear image of uniform size by touching finger on the sensor. However, they have the problems of the image quality can be reduced in case of severely dry or wet finger due to the variations of touching pressure and latent fingerprint on the sensor. To solve these problems, the contactless capturing devices for a fingerprint image was introduced in previous works. However, the accuracy of detecting minutiae points and recognition performance are reduced due to the degradation of image quality by the illumination variation. So, this paper proposes a new LDP-based fingerprint recognition method. It can effectively extract fingerprint patterns of iterative ridges and valleys. After producing histograms of the binary codes which are extracted by the LDP method, chi square distance between the enrolled and input feature histograms is calculated. The calculated chi square distance is used as the score of fingerprint recognition. As the experimental results, the EER of the proposed approach is reduced by 0.521% in comparison with that of the previous LBP-based fingerprint recognition approach.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.189-200
• /
• 2014

The tropical wet evergreen, tropical semi evergreen and moist deciduous forest types are projected to be impacted by climate change. In the Western Ghats region, a biodiversity hotspot, evergreen forests including semi evergreen account for 30% of the forest area and according to climate change impact model projections, nearly a third of these forest types are likely to undergo vegetation type change. Similarly, tropical moist deciduous forests which account for about 28% of the forest area are likely to experience change in about 20% of the area. Thus climate change could adversely impact forest biodiversity and product flow to the forest dependent households and communities in Uttara Kannada district of the Western Ghats. This study analyses the distribution of non-timber forest product yielding tree species through a network of twelve 1-ha permanent plots established in the district. Further, the extent of dependence of communities on forests is ascertained through questionnaire surveys. On an average 21% and 28% of the tree species in evergreen and deciduous forest types, respectively are, non-timber forest product yielding tree species, indicating potential high levels of supply of products to communities. Community dependence on non-timber forest products is significant, and it contributes to Rs. 1199 and Rs. 3561/household in the evergreen and deciduous zones, respectively. Given that the bulk of the forest grids in Uttara Kannada district are projected to undergo change, bulk of the species which provide multiple forest products are projected to experience die back and even mortality. Incorporation of climate change projections and impacts in forest planning and management is necessary to enable forest ecosystems to enhance resilience.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.87 no.3
• /
• pp.459-465
• /
• 1998

To obtain the basic data for the conservation and cultivation of native herb species under the forest, the relations between distribution of native herb species and site factors, distribution of native herb species, and site factors were surveyed on natural forest at subalpine zone in Mt. Odae. Ainsliaea acerifolia, Pseudostellaria palibiniana and Pimpinedla brachycarpa were distributed mainly on broadleaved mixed forest, Clematis fusca var. coreana, Carex siderosticta. Isodon excisus and Vicia unijuga did mainly on gab sites. The distribution of Ligularia fisheri, Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum, Cacalia hastata and Artemisia stolonifera were significantly differed between slope directions. Artemisia stolonifera was distributed more frequently in south directed slope, and Ligularia fisheri, Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum and Cacalia hastata were distributed more frequently in north and west directed slope than the other. The distribution of Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum and Artemisia stolonifera were significantly differed between soil moisture conditions. Artemisia stolonifera was distributed mainly on the dry site, but Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum did mainly on the dry site. Negative correlations between density of Clematis fusca var. coreana, Carex siderosticta. Isodon excises and Vicia unijuga and crown coverage was proved. Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum, Pimpinella brachycarpa, Meehania urticifolia, Smilacina japonica and Pseudostellaria palibiniana were mainly distributed on wet and shady sites under forest canopy, but Pedicularis resupinata, Clematis fusca var. coreana and Artemisia stolonifera did on sunny sites at forest edge or gab.