• 제목/요약/키워드: western pacific region

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The Overview on the Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region

  • Roh Pyong-Ui;Yoo Wang-Keun
    • 대한예방한의학회지
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.147-153
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    • 2004
  • This parer reviews the current situation on traditional medicine in the western pacific region. It mainly include government, scientific community and industry interests, national policies, practices and education, public financing systems and self-regulatory associations.

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북서태평양 아열대고기압 지수를 이용한 북동아시아 여름철 강수의 진단 (Diagnosis of Northeast Asian Summer Precipitation using the Western North Pacific Subtropical High Index)

  • 권민호
    • 한국지구과학회지
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.102-106
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    • 2013
  • 동아시아 여름몬순의 강도와 북서태평양 여름몬순의 강도는 음의 상관을 갖는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 여기서 우리는 이 관계를 이용하여 북동아시아 여름철 강수의 잠재예측성을 조사하였다. 북서태평양 아열대 고기압은 북서태평양 여름몬순을 적절히 나타내며, 북서태평양-동아시아 지역 여름철 기후편차에 주된 성분이다. 그리고 북서태평양 아열대고기압 변동성을 이용한 북동아시아 여름철 강수 편차의 추정값은 북서태평양 여름몬순지수를 이용하는 것보다 더 낫다.

국제한의학표준용어(WHO IST/WPRO) 및 국제한의학질병분류(ICTM/WPRO)의 개발 현황 보고 (Report on the Development of WHO International Standard Terminologies and International Classification of Traditional Medicine/Western Pacific Regional Office)

  • 심범상
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.776-780
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    • 2007
  • Recently World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office (WHO/WPRO) has developed the WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region (IST), and is developing WHO International Classification of Traditional Medicine/Western Pacific Regional Office (ICTM/WPRO). Regarding ICTM, WHO/WPRO hoped that it will be incorporated to International Classification of Disease (ICD) 11$^{th}$ edition, published in 2015. The author reports the proceedings of these two standardizations on terminologies and diseases of traditional medicine in East Asia.

서태평양 원격패턴에 따른 한국 4월 강수량의 변동 특성 (Features of Korean Rainfall Variability by Western Pacific Teleconnection Pattern)

  • 최재원;박기준;이경미;김정윤;김백조
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제24권7호
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    • pp.893-905
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    • 2015
  • This study analyzes the correlation between Western Pacific (WP) teleconnection pattern index (WPI) in April during 1954-2008 and rainfall amounts in the same month. Based on the results, it is identified that there have been strong positive correlations between central China, Korea and the southwestern part of Japan in the East Asian region. Through differences between 10 positive WP years and 10 negative WP years selected from the April WPI excluding ENSO years, it is found that rainfall amounts increase in April of positive WP years due to the following characteristics. Increases in rainfall amounts are evident in the East Asian middle latitudinal region where the positive correlation between the two variables is the highest and this is because anomalous southwesterlies are strengthened in the East Asian middle latitudinal region due to the spatial pattern of a south-low-north-high anomalous pressure system centered on this region that is made by anomalous anticyclones centered on the southeastern side of the region and other anomalous anticyclones centered on the northeastern side of the region. In addition, anomalous westerlies (jet) are strengthen in the upper troposphere of the East Asian middle latitudinal region and as a result, anomalous upward flows are strengthened in this region and thus anomalous warm air temperatures are formed in the entire level of the troposphere in the region. In addition to atmospheric environments, anomalous warm sea surface temperatures are formed in the seas in the East Asian middle latitudinal region to help the rainfall amount increases in the East Asian middle latitudinal region.

한국-중국 북부지역에서 여름 강수량의 십년간 변동 (Interdecadal Change of Summer Rainfall in the Region of Korea and Northern China)

  • 최재원;차유미;김정윤;육일우
    • 한국지구과학회지
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    • 제38권1호
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    • pp.35-48
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    • 2017
  • 이 연구는 한국-중국 북부 지역($35^{\circ}-40^{\circ}N$, $110^{\circ}-130^{\circ}E$)에서 영역평균 된 여름(6-8월) 강수량의 증가경향이 1990년대 후반에 뚜렷하게 나타났음을 분석하였다. 따라서 한국-중국 북부지역에서 1998년 이후에 여름 강수량이 증가한 원인을 알아보기 위해 1998-2012년 평균과 1981-1997년 평균 사이에 종관환경에 대한 차를 분석하였다. 850 hPa 유선분석에서는 북태평양 지역과 호주 동쪽지역에서 거대한 고기압성 순환 아노말리가 강화되었다. 양반구에서 이러한 순환 아노말리에 의해 적도 중태평양으로부터 열대 서태평양에 편동풍 아노말리(무역풍 아노말리)가 강화되었다. 이는 라니냐 해에 나타나는 순환 패턴의 아노말리였다. 200 hPa 유선에서는 남 북태평양 모두에서 거대한 저기압성 순환 아노말리가 역시 강화되었다. 이러한 두 순환 아노말리에 의해 적도 중태평양 및 서태평양에서는 서풍의 아노말리가 강화되었다. 이는 1990년대 후반 이후 한국-중국 북부 지역에서 여름 강수량의 증가가 라니냐 패턴과 연관되었으며, 이 결과는 결국 워커 순환의 강화로 이어졌다. 또한 최근 동아시아 지역에서는 적도 서태평양과 동아시아 중위도 지역에서 상승한 기류가 아열대 서태평양지역에서 하강하는 지역 해들리 순환이 강화되었다.

한국 5월 가뭄과 북태평양진동의 연관성 (Relationship between Korean Drought and North Pacific Oscillation in May)

  • 최기선;김도우;이지선;변희룡
    • 대기
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.67-78
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    • 2009
  • A strong negative correlation has been detected between the North Pacific Oscillation Index (NPI) and the Effective Drought Index (EDI) in May over Korea. In May of positive NPI year, anomalous patterns caused a drought in Korea as follows: the anomalous south-low, north-high low-level pressure patterns in the northeast and southeast of Korea have strengthened the anomalous northerlies to Korea. In addition, these anomalous northerlies have prevented western North Pacific (WNP) high from moving northward. As a result, anomalous descending flows have strengthened in the mid-latitude region in East Asia. In the WNP, the anomalous south-high, north-low sea surface temperature (SST) has been widely distributed, which has strengthened anomalous south-low, north-high low-level pressure patterns. These anomalous characteristics of pressure and SST patterns observed in May of positive NPI years have already been detected in previous winter (December-February) and early spring (March, April). In addition, the anomalous negative sea ice concentration in the North Pacific during two seasons has strengthened the anomalous anticyclonic circulation in the same region and in turn made a contribution to formation of anomalous south-low, north-high pressure patterns in May.

해상에서의 우발적 조우 시 신호 규칙(CUES)의 제한점과 개선을 위한 제언 (Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea(CUES): Its Limitation and Recommendations for Improvement)

  • 오동건
    • Strategy21
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    • 통권44호
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    • pp.323-351
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    • 2018
  • Adopted in Western Pacific Naval Symposium(WPNS) 2014, Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea(CUES) has been the most valuable output of WPNS history. Written and suggested by Australian Navy in 1999, the goal of CUES is to decrease the possibility of the naval conflict by establishing the code among international navies in the Western Pacific region. Facing many oppositions and requirement of People's Liberation Army Navy(PLAN) in WPNS 2012 and 2013, but it finally adopted in WPNS 2014, with many changes in detailed provisions. From then, navies in the Western Pacific region have followed CUES to prevent maritime conflicts in the region, CUES, however, sometimes does not work correctly. Contents of CUES is the mixture of the parts of Multinational Maritime Tactical Signal and Maneuvering Book(MTP) and International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea 1972(CORLEGs). There are means of radio communications such as frequency and signals, instructions for maneuvering and so on. Thus, it is not a new document for the U.S. Navy and its allies, but it requires training to implicate at sea for navies other than U.S. allies, like PLAN. Lots of provisions in CUES were changed because of the opposition of PLAN, and CUES has many shortcomings and practical limitations. First, since CUES is non-legally binding, and there are no methods to force the naval assets on the sea to follow. Second, CUES is only applied to naval assets; naval ships - warships, naval auxiliaries, and submarines - and naval aircraft. Third, the geographical scope in CUES is not clear. Fourth, there is no provision for submerged submarines. Finally, CUES has no time-based framework or roadmap for training. In this regard, there would be six recommendations for improvement. First, CUES should be reviewed by WPNS or other international institutions, while keeping non-binding status so that WPNS could send signals to the navies which do not answer CUES on the sea. Second, the participation of Maritime Law Enforcements(MLEs) such as coast guard is inevitable. Third, navies would use full text of MTP rather than current CUES, which extracts some parts of MTP. Fourth, CUES needs provisions with respect to submerged submarines, which recognizes as offensive weapons themselves. Fifth, the geographic scope of CUES should be clear. Since there are some countries in which claim that a rock with a concrete structure is their territory, CUES should be applied on every sea including EEZ and territorial seas. Finally, the detailed training plan is required to implicate CUES at sea. Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) is a good exercise to train CUES, because almost all WPNS member countries except six countries are participating in RIMPAC. CUES is a meaningful document not only for navies but also for nation-states in the region. To prevent escalation of conflict in the region, potentially caused by an unplanned collision at sea, CUES should be applied more strictly. CUES will continue to be in subsequent WPNS and therefore continue to improve in the effectiveness as both an operational and diplomatic agreement.

어획량 데이터베이스 시스템을 이용한 한국 다랭이 연승 어장의 분포에 관한 연구 (A Study of Fishing Ground Distribution in Korean Tuna Long-Line , Using the Catch Data Base System)

  • 이주희
    • 수산해양기술연구
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.340-355
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    • 1996
  • 본 연구는 원양 다랭이 연승 어업의 어획량을 데이터 베이스 처리하여 합리적인 조업 계획의 수립과 어장 선정에 대한 기초 자료를 제공 하고자 하였다. 어획량 자료는 국립수산진흥원에서 발행한 '75~'92년의 18년 간의 12종의 다랭이 및 새치류의 통계자료를 이용하였으며, 데이터 베이스 처리를 위한 프로그램은 Quick basic으로 작성하였다. 데이터 베이스 프로그램은 구획별 조획율을 어장도에 나타내는 프로그램, 어획 마리수를 이용한 그래프 및 도표의 작성 프로그램, 그리고 어장평가 지수를 나타내는 프로그램 등으로 구성되어 있다. 1)연도구간별 어장도에서 보면, 조획율은 연도가 경과함에 따라 전반적으로 점차 낮아지는 경향이 나타났고 인도양은 그러한 현상이 두드러졌다. 또한 황다랭이의 조획율은 적도 부근의 서부 태평양에서 눈다랭이의 조획율은 동부 태평양에서 높게 나타났으며 조획율이 높게 나타난 해역은 과거의 인도양, 대서양에서 태평양으로 이동한 것으로 나타났다. 2)전 해역에서 황다랭이와 눈다랭이의 어획량 변동 패턴은 비슷하게 나타났으며, 12개 어장구역별 어획량은 태평양 북서 해역이 가장 부진하고, 인도양 서부, 태평양 서부 저위도 해역이 가장 좋았다. 3)어장 가치를 평가하는 시뮬레이션에서 12개 어장구역 중 경제성이 높은 어장은 태평양 저위도 해역의 서부, 중부, 동부, 인도양의 서부, 동부, 그리고 대서양 순으로 나타났으며, 북미대륙 서부역이 중간정도, 나머지 해역은 경제성이 낮은 어장으로 나타났다. 4)본 데이터 베이스 프로그램을 이용하여 방대한 어획량 자료를 분석하여 시기별, 위치별의 어종 및 어획량을 검토하고 어장 평가 시뮬레이션을 실시함으로써 경제성 있는 어장 선정 및 탐색을 할 수 있다고 판단된다.

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2002년 여름 북서태평양 표층 해수의 이산화탄소 분포 특성 (The Surface fCO2 Distribution of the Western North Pacific in Summer 2002)

  • 최상화;김동선;심정희;민홍식
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.395-405
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    • 2006
  • We measured the fugacity of $CO_2$ $(fCO_2)$, temperature, salinity, nutrients and chlorophyll a in the surface water of the western North Pacific $(4^{\circ}30'{\sim}33^{\circ}10'N,\;144^{\circ}20'{\sim}127^{\circ}35'E)$ in September 2002. There were zonally several major currents which have characteristics of specific temperature and salinity (NECC, North Equatorial Counter Current; NEC, North Equatorial Current; Kuroshio etc.). Surface $fCO_2$ distribution was clearly distinguished into two groups, tropical and subtropical areas of which boundary was $20^{\circ}N$. In the tropical Int surface $fCO_2$ was mainly controlled by temperature, while in the subtropical area, surface $fCO_2$ was dependent on total inorganic carbon contents. Air-sea $CO_2$ flux showed a large spatial variation, with a range of $-0.69{\sim}0.79 mmole\;m^{-2}day^{-1}$. In the area of AE (Anticyclonic Eddy), SM(Southern Mixed region) and NM (Northern Mixed region), the ocean acted as a weak source of $CO_2$ $(0.6{\sim}0.79 mmole\; m^{-2}day^{-1})$. In NECC, NEC, Kuroshio and ECS (East China Sea), however, the fluxes were estimated to be $-0.3mmole\; m^{-2}day^{-1})$ for the first three regions and $-1.2mmole\; m^{-2}day^{-1})$ for ECS respectively, indicating that these areas acted as sinks of $CO_2$. The average air-sea flux in the entire study area was $0.15mmole\;m^{-2}day^{-1})$, implying that the western North Pacific was a weak source of $CO_2$ during the study period.