• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the subjectivity of Koreans about well-dying by dividing the cognition and attitudes of Koreans about well-dying into five types and analyzing and interpreting each type. Method: Q-methodology, which is effective in scientifically measuring individual subjectivity, was used. The result of the Q-shorting of the 34 Q-statements by 42 participants was analyzed with the PQM program. Result: Five cognitive types of the subjectivity about well-dying were identified and labeled as follows. Type I: Individual and preparation for the other world. Type II: Receptive to nature and fate. Type III: Oriental and family centered. Type IV: Realistic and self-independent. Type V: Altruistic and preparing for the other world. Conclusions: This study generally show that traditional family connections and blood relationship are declining, and western rationalism and the pursuit of the positive meaning of well-dying are beginning to be accepted in the cognition of modern Koreans.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.233-243
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the subjectivity of undergraduate students about well-dying. Method: Q-methodology, which is effective in scientifically measuring individual subjectivity, was used. The result of the Q-short of the 34 Q-statements by 42 participants was analyzed using the PQM program. Result: Four cognitive types of subjectivity about well-dying were identified and labeled as follows. Type 1: oriental and family-centered type, Type 2: Individual and fate-adapted type, Type 3: altruistic and afterlife-centered type, Type 4: self-leading and secularistic type. Conclusions: Undergraduate students have a well-dying concept which tends to be self-centered and secularistic. At the same times, they also have a well-dying concept which has a basically oriental view, that is, family-centered and fate-adapted views.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.613-633
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• 2019

The purpose of this research is to analyze the subjective perception pattern of Good Death of the Elderly by using Q-methodology. The researcher conducted individual in-depth interviews of 9 people, 4 times FGI and literature reviews to collect self-reflective statements about good death and dying. The interviewees were death-related workers, people who had experience with death of their spouse or parents, experts and the elderly through individual or group interviews. Thirty-four Q-samples were extracted from the Q-population and P-samples of thirty people male and female 15 each from sixties to eighties participated in Q-sorting. Data analysed using by QUANL program and found that three factor structures were appropriate accounted for 54.64% of the total variance. Perception pattern on Good Death was analysed into 3 types; Death without fear(type 1), Burdenless death(type 2), Long-lived-death(type 3). According to these results, the researcher discussed theoretically and suggested some significant implications.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.292-304
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• 1999

The lengthened average span of human life by virtue of recent developments in medicine has caused the Population of elders to increase. The development of modern industrial society has transformed family structure from the large family system to that of a nuclear family. Due to the shift in family structure, the problem of support for the aged has surfaced as a nursing problem as well as a social problem. With regard to this problem, this study aims to investigate the adolescent's understanding of elders and aging. By identifying their understanding and classifying their attitude patterns, this study will help the nursing assessment of the support of elders in the family. This study employed Q-methodology and the research was conducted from December 1998 to May 1999. One method of the research included deep interviews with elders, those who are in their 50's. 40's or 30's. and the adolescent. 183 Q-Populations taken from literary works such as poems or novels were also formed as another method. Finally. 36 Q-cards were made after consultation with Professors of the nursing department. The subjects of the P- sample were 30 high sohoolboys/girls - who were in first, second, and third years. The result showed that 3 factors provided an explanation for 59.14% of the whole variables: the first factor, 41.37%; the second factor. 11.49%, and the third factor. 6.28%. These three factors were analyzed and categorized as three types. Twenty subjects out of the 30 were included in Type 1: Respecting Elders. The statements which showed the most positive consent were as follows: 'The declining age is a perfect time to prosper completing a worthy life' ; 'Getting old. one needs financial stability' and 'Elders wish the best for their children' The statements showing the most negative response were as follows: 'It is better to die than to live as an older person' ; 'Elders are insignificant' ; and 'Getting old is the worst unhappiness that tortures human.' Four subjects were included in Type 2. Resenting Elders. The statements which showed the most positive consent were as follows: 'Aging is a process of dying that nobody can escape from'. 'Elders should be concerned about his health and try to maintain their health' ; and 'When you set older. you regret about the life in the Past.' The statements showing the most negative response were as follows: 'When You get older. You should stand aloof greed and worldly things' 'When You got older, You become generous and gentle' ; and 'When You set he gets old. You change to become a comfortable and warm person.' Six out of 30 subject were included in Type 3 Caring Elders. The statements which showed the most positive consent were as follows: 'Elders should be concerned about his health and try to maintain their health' ; 'Elders wish the best for their children' ; and 'Elders deserve to be treated with filial respects.' The statements showing the most negative response were as follows 'Elders are insignificant' ; 'Elders have freedom and plenty of free time.' and 'Elders are alienated form and drove out of the society.' The above-mentioned results show that most adolescents in Korea recognize aging as the time of fruition and development: it is a time of benefiting and giving back to society. Aging can also be seen as a time of generosity and magnanimity and the time of respect and favorable treatment from society. despite the change of modern society and the ostensible transformation of a family system. Their recognition seems deeply rooted in the traditional confucian values and the dual family system which is Peculiar especially to the Korea - one which maintains both the superficial form of nuclear family and the substantial mode of the enlarged family system. In sum, many Korean adolescents attribute the meaning of the elderly and aging to the type of the respect with the elderly and the type of the elderly's caretaking.