• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.46
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• pp.7-36
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• 2001

The current benefit expenditure of National Pension Scheme is comparatively small, as it stands in the early stage in reference to the historical development. On the other hand, the current contribution rate of National Pension is set up beyond which is sufficient to cover the current benefit expenditure. Therefore, National Pension makes big surplus every year such that the size of accumulated fund increases very fast. Nevertheless, the apprehension of financial instability of National Pension prevails these days. If so, is it really well-grounded? In terms of the method of financing. public pension schemes of most of all nations in the world are based on pay-as you go or partial funding. Under these financing methods, financial soundness fundamentally depends on the power that the government is able to impose the burden which is equivalent to benefit expenditure and the attitude of the public which represents whether they will admit it or not. Under this perspective, the judgement of financial soundness of public pension can not be made arithmetically and technically only on the basis of the balance between receipts and expenditure but should be accomplished considering the very complex and diverse aspects. In these context, this paper defines what the financial soundness of public pension means specifically and presents the objective indices which help judge it, that is, implicit debt, cost rate, summarized cost rate, pension expenditure as percentage of GDP, and fund rate. Then, applying the indices, this paper analyzes the long-term financial situation of National Pension empirically and evaluates its financial soundness in exploratory perspective.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.38-47
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• 2008

The idea that a school could take a role of educating each community personnel as well as students and the school building could be a center in a community is discussed in this paper. Also, as rental housings being included in the community and placed near school buildings, school facilities can be shared and cover the shortage of social welfare facilities. Thus urban social facilities including schools, social and cultural facilities, and rental housings should be planned as a bundled scheme. The objective of this Paper is to find the suitability of building a complex of school, gymnasium, cultural facilities, welfare facilities in school sites, and building rental housing in public building sites, such as cultural facilities and welfare facilities, gymnasium sites in the City of Pyeong Teak. It is found that this assumption can be proved when building a public school of 6 to 7 story or a rental apartment with a floor area ratio of 150% - 200%.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2022

Recently people require complex access to problems in various fields of health, medical and welfare by an aging society. For this reason, the need for interprofessional education is required at the site of university education. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of interprofessional education (IPE) on attitudes towards health care teams. The subjects were 29 sophomores in the fields of health, medical and welfare in a university. Attitudes Towards Health Care Teams Scale (ATHCT) was used to measure the attitudes towards health care teams of subjects. The subjects were provided with a IPE program. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive analysis and paired t-test using the SPSS 26.0 version program. The attitudes towards health care teams of subjects increased significantly after IPE education (t=-4.28, p<.001). And there were significant differences in the three sub-factors of attitudes towards health care teams (Team efficacy, t=-4.44, p<.001; Benefit of communication, t=-3.30, p=.003; Team value, t=-3.21, p=.003). Therefore, the IPE program is considered to be an effective education program to improve attitudes towards health care teams.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.131-146
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• 2020

This research is based on social flow that is in need of sports welfare that diagnoses the delivery system of sports program pass that is typical business of national sports welfare services and operation structure, and analyze the supplier, operator, beneficiary and all that is related to business from multilateral aspects, therefore seek for operation systems for provision systems of sports welfare services. To clearly grasp the operating mechanisms of service provision system that is happening in real field, there were in-depth interview done by the 18 people of suppliers, operators, and beneficiaries that are the main participants of business, and through which drew an ideal agreed point for sports welfare services to get in the right direction. The result of this study is as following: First, based on the limited government budget for the compilation of budget for the business of sports welfare services it is found that there is need of constructing a pragmatic service provision system that can bring maximum of efficiency. Second, voucher that was introduced for market logic application and greater transparency of the business of sports welfare services has a complex structure that it is in need of simplification of structure which that is well fit with its characteristics. Third, for convenience enlargement in administration and management, make management policy of provision system be reflected and therefore enlarge the independence of management and secure the power of negotiation regarding fee savings through centralized budget management.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.161-171
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• 2007

With a rapid expansion of the elderly population, there is a greater demand for the construction of senior complexes. However, due to a land price increase and insufficient financial resources, accommodating such a demand is challenging. Also, as aging progresses, many elderlies tend to be isolated from local community, because of deteriorating health. As a result, constructing senior complexes is becoming an important community project. The construction of senior complexes in Korea has been started since early 2000, so it is still in the beginning stage in Korea. However, in the case of Japan, they have more experience in building such buildings. Therefore, in this study, 49 senior complexes in Japan were analysed, and the following spatial characteristics were derived. 1. By classifying senior complexes largely into a complex type with similar facilities and a complex type with different facilities, 12 types were derived. Depending on the types of facilities, basic sharing rooms and selectively sharing rooms by need are suggested. 2. Depending on 4 characteristics, such as spatial composition, entrance type, circulation form, and complex facility type, 17 types of senior complexes were derived, and the characteristics of each type are presented.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.127-136
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• 2019

National Housing in Janghang was built intensively from the mid 1970s to the early 1980s, and has become a collective complex at Jangma-ro and Shinchangdong-ro. This Company House is a typical building for employee welfare, at the same time shows modern industrialization and urbanization. In general, it forms a housing complex and serves as industrial town. Reflecting the characteristics of Janghang, the housing complex is called National House based on the supply method and is also classified French Styled House in terms of housing style. Although Janghang was one of small local administrative units, it pursued urban style with mini-2-story. It has the typical characteristics as follows: division of the owner's living space and rental room, and independent layout of restrooms and washrooms. House is transformed to accommodate residents' lifestyles, so National Housing Complex of Janghang has undergone various changes such as the replacement of spatial structures and exterior materials for 40 years after construction. National Housing in Janghang is a symbol of local identity and an important spatial asset that shows the urban and architectural characteristics and changes.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.408-413
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• 2023

The incidence of canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS), a prominent geriatric disease, is increasing because of the extended lifespan of companion animals. Various complementary therapies have been proposed for the management of CCDS. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of the Brain Six Complex Extract^ⓒ in dogs with cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS). Fifteen dogs with CDS were included, and four to five drops of Brain Six Complex Extract^ⓒ, composed of herbal extracts, were applied around the dorsal neck of all dogs twice daily for 1-3 months. Clinical efficacy was evaluated using the CCDS scale, and serum β-amyloid oligomer concentrations were measured before and after administration of the extract. The CCDS scale score significantly decreased after administration in dogs with CDS (p = 0.0313), compared to pre-administration levels. Although the serum β-amyloid oligomer concentration decreased after administration, the change was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). A notable decrease was observed between pre- and post-administration in dogs with β-amyloid levels >300 pg/mL (p = 0.0313). The laboratory results showed no remarkable adverse effects of the extract. This study suggests that Brain Six Complex Extract^ⓒ extract could be an adjunctive treatment for dogs with CDS.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.291-301
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• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to investigate several household characteristics related to panel attrition, examining how they may have conditioned the panel data in the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS). Design/methodology/approach - We studied the cause of the differences in household income between the original panel and the new panel in KOWEPS. Findings - To summarize our findings, whereas it is highly likely that a low-income household or a household without health insurance will remain in the panel, it is highly likely that a high-income household or a household of more than three members will be taken off the panel. Research implications or Originality - The proportion of low-income household tends to decrease over the years, which appears to result from an overall increase in household income. Such changes are reflected in the pattern in which older panels have higher estimates of household income than newer panels.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.116-122
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• 2008

As a model house has attempted a role change from a conceptual perspective as a housing cultural center starting from the 90ties, it began to direct the change into a high end building. In particular, large construction companies have recently invested on an unimagined scale, unlike in the past, in building a model house and pursued the construction of new attractions of cities as well as the upgrade of a brand image by hiring and implementing the designs of celebrity architects or designers. In addition, they have been in pursuit of a change by enhancing the satisfaction and pride of residents by offering spaces and programs for various cultural arts for apartment residents or potential customers and having them participate in those programs. This study aims to expound on the possibility of the utilization of a housing cultural center as a local complex community center by analyzing the spatial organization and the operational program of a housing cultural center appearing since the 90ties. With this aim, the study analyzed the cases of a complex community center and the program and the operational method of a housing cultural center within the case study in order to propose the possibilities for the utilization of a local complex community center. The elevation of the cultural and economic level of citizens and a rapid social change are shown as various demands for welfare, and the subsequent social physical change has led to the expansion of a space as a complex community. A housing cultural center is also directed to grow as a complex community center from the perspective of diverse demands and participations of consumers, and prepares a field for a broad spectrum of communications from the perspective of housing and cities.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.651-657
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• 2019

Although smallpox was eradicated in 1980, it is still considered a potential agent of biowarfare and bioterrorism. Smallpox has the potential for high mortality rates along with a major public health impact, eventually causing public panic and social disruption. Passive administration of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is an effective intervention for various adverse reactions caused by vaccination and the unpredictable nature of emerging and bioterrorist-related infections. Currently, vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) is manufactured from vaccinia vaccine-boosted plasma; however, this production method is not ideal because of its limited availability, low specific activity, and risk of contamination with blood-borne infectious agents. To overcome the limitations of VIG production from human plasma, we isolated two human single-chain variable fragments (scFvs), (SC34 and SC212), bound to vaccinia virus (VACV), from a scFv phage library constructed from the B cells of VACV vaccine-boosted volunteers. The scFvs were converted to human IgG1 (VC34 and VC212). These two anti-VACV mAbs were produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) DG44 cells. The binding affinities of VC34 and VC212 were estimated by competition ELISA to $IC_{50}$ values of $2{\mu}g/ml$ (13.33 nM) and $22{\mu}g/ml$ (146.67 nM), respectively. Only the VC212 mAb was proven to neutralize the VACV, as evidenced by the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) result with a $PRNT_{50}$ of ~0.16 mg/ml (${\sim}1.07{\mu}M$). This VC212 could serve as a valuable starting material for further development of VACV-neutralizing human immunoglobulin for a prophylactic measure against post-vaccination complications and for post-exposure treatment against smallpox.