• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.615-635
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• 1996

The animal industry must be environmentally sound to ensure its long-term sustainable growth. Livestock wastes mostly manure, can be a valuable resource as well as a potential hazard to environment. The first option of manure management is developing an 'environmentally sound' feeding program and feeds so there are less excreted nutrients that need to be managed. Once the manure is produced it can be best utilized as a fertilizer of a soil conditioner. In many countries the amount of manure that can be spread on land depends on the nutrient requirements of the crop being grown. The laws specify maximum application rates and not animal stocking rates. Farmer who reduce the N and P component of manure can release pressure on the environment without having to reduce the number of animals. There are alternative system for housing and manure treatment which generate manure that are easier to handle and have less pollutants or more economic value. Treated animal waste may also be used as a feedstuff or fuel source. Most of the options of waste management result in increased costs to implement. It is necessary to assess the economics in order to find an acceptable compromise between the increased costs and the benefit to the environment. Animal welfare is also becoming more and more of an issue and it will lead to systems where animals are kept in less confined environment. The new system will have a great impact in the waste management system in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.807-826
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• 2015

Generational contracts are specified into public pensions based on generational solidarity. The Korean National Pension has been reformed with a focus on generational equity with a narrow meaning related to contribution rate and benefit level. As a result, the Korean National Pension has only emphasized generational equity and not contributed to generational solidarity. We investigate changes in the content of the generational contract and propose to reconstruct generational contract to contribute to solidarity with a more comprehensive perspective. A new social contract by reformed pension system should not concentrate on narrowed generational equity. It should be reconstructed in the direction of enhancing efficacy and the stability of generational solidarity with an emphasis on social sustainability. Investment into the next generation would be one of many policy measures to decrease conflicts around intergenerational redistribution and improve the financial stability of the public pension by creating population structure and labor market changes.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.219-268
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• 2006

In July 1989, Korea had achieved the national medical insurance system comprehensively covering the whole population since its inception of 12 years before, and subsequently the plural medical insurers had integrated to the unique health insurer system in July 2000. But there yet remain some problems to be improved under low contributions rates and poor benefit packages, especially the shortage of assuring beneficiaries' rights. The Health Insurance Appeal System is composed of a two-tiered system of committee. The Formal Objection Committees built in the National Health Insurance Corporation and in the Health Insurance Review Agency respectively examine the formal objections to the decisions of the Corporation, or the Review Agency. And the Dispute Mediation Committee built under the command of the Minister of Health and Welfare reviews the protests against the decisions on the formal objections by each Formal Objection Committee. To cope with the appellant in relation to the administration on the qualification of the insureds, contributions, and insurance benefits etc, is found to be unsatisfactory. There's the reason of poor function on right-relief caused by the loose composition of the Appeal Committee, the deficit of people's recognition and P.R., the lack of professional manpower and the Committee's independency, and time lag in making decisions and so on. Consequently the Appeal System should be improved to secure the rights-relief function, to empower the professionalism of the Appeal Committee, to strengthen P.R. for the beneficiaries, to build up the staff's proficiency through training, and to develop the quality of administrative services.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.39-47
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• 2011

Population ageing and the disabled population is increasing. so disabled population and elderly people in the physical environment for Barrier-Free recently has been getting attention. according to a recent welfare paradigm shift of life support promoting for the housing remodeling. but basic remodeling made of simple living environment improvement and facilities installation for the type of disability customised housing remodeling. efficient housing remodeling plan for remodeling before and after through change the safety accidents occurred ratio. living environment for the improvement of housing and reconstruction for the benefit of comprehensively considering for disability subject in Indoor living type and the type of disability, housing type etc. and personalize house was remodeling for corresponding each space problem for identify obstacles and living types. as a result satisfaction changes & safety accident rate changes as follow. first, have complained that there was a in to residents environment furniture for reconstruction of the former housing remodeling needs survey. 80.2% of total for the percentage of households with high needs remodeling. second, The survey did not meet the 29 furniture as after the construction for died about recipient & up sticks & long absence. this leave out after the safety accident Corporation about 101 housing in the 88% of households did not happen. as a result, the lower the ratio of safety accidents occurring very revealed. third, grasp the meaning for indoor living type. showed that each approach(83%), front porch(90%), kitchen, living room(91%), bedroom(93%), toilet(92%) for each space remodeling satisfaction flow through customized housing remodeling.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the implicit knowledge of creativity and education practice of creativity perceived by undergraduate students. Participants were 425 undergraduate students from around the greater metropolitan area of Seoul. The results of this study were as follows: (1) Most undergraduate students considered creativity as creative thinking or creative product rather than creative personality and creative environment. Undergraduate students placed originality as the most important subfactor of creativity. Scientists were ranked as the most creative people, followed by executives, and then artists. Interestingly contemporary Korean undergraduate students recognized and evaluated creativity as positive. (2) Most undergraduate students recognized the needs and importance of creativity-fostered education. These aspects of education have meaningful differences according to gender, as female students viewed creativity-fostered education more important. (3) Undergraduate students considered creative persons to be imaginative, independent, and confident. The most important part of developing undergraduate students' creativity was to make more creative environments. It has been suggested that the benefit of creative environments should be taken into consideration when developing creativity-enhancing programs and education for undergraduate students more generally.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.307-316
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to figure out some specific features that were found during the adaptation process of migrant women by marriage to their local community, and also to elicit certain practical implications to facilitate their adaptation, based on the findings. For data collection, in-depth interviews were conducted with eight migrant women by marriage and the interviews were tape-recorded for transcription. For analysis, phenomenological method, particularly, Colaizzi method was adopted, by which meaningful statements in the data were categorized into themes and theme clusters. A total of 7 thematic unts, 17 themes and 47 meanings were elicited from the analysis and these 7 thematic units were "reinforcement of inner capability"; "cultural assimilation"; "to be a limited benefit receiver"; "no human network"; " impossible to be optimistic about future"; "hoping to reside in their local community"; "possible to leave Korea." Finally, this study suggested the implications for social welfare practices to facilitate the adaptation of immigrant women by marriage in their local community.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.21 no.4 s.54
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• pp.329-352
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• 2004

In this knowledge-based society of this age, librarianship takes a professional position and requires essential principles of ethics that has to be observed. Therefore, library associations and professional communities all over the world have released criteria and code of ethics to make their professional positions to keep. This research investigated and analyzed the codes of ethics for librarians in United States, Great Britain, Japan, and South Korea which are based on the mission of each library of each country. Based on these analysis and comparison, this research proposed more advanced codes of ethics for South Korea. The proposed model of codes of ethics consists of two parts: ethics for information and ethics for professional positions. The ethics for information contains six essential elements: equal access and services for information, denial of inspection, protection of privacy, neutralization of librarian, and security of intellectual freedom. The ethics for professional positions consists of 8 essential aspects: exclusion of personal benefit, continuous efforts for developing knowledge, keep the professional position, conflicts between professional task and organization, relationship with co-workers, ensure the conditions of rights and welfare for employees, cooperations among libraries, and contribution for creation of new culture.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.350-358
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• 2009

As open skies polices have permeated all over the world, Korea's basic direction of aviation policy is promoting the benefit of the public and the national carriers' competitive power by establishing open skies agreements between the countries. The open skies' directions should be promoted by considering the relationships of various attributes such as governments, airlines, and passengers. To decide the right directions of open skies, we should investigate the economic effects of open skies policies. This research develops a simulation model to analyze the dynamic characteristics of open skies. By using the developed model, this research analyzes the economic effects of open skies. The results showed that open skies have direct impacts on not only frequencies, airfare, consumer welfare but also air transport industry and regional economy. Therefore, it is necessary to take suitable aviation policy that can increase the effects of open skies.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.89-135
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• 2003

The paper tests the hypothesis that Internet banking reduces cost and ultimately enhances profitability for banks. Our analysis suggests that Internet banking does contribute to cost reduction but does not affect profitability. The implications are that the primary objective of Internet banking has been accomplished, but has not reached the stage in which the benefits overcome the burden of initial investment. The findings also offer the implication that Internet banking probably raises social welfare by passing on the benefit of cost reduction to customers rather than resulting in enhanced profits. In addition, we find that the banking customer's preference for face-to-face transactions may be very low in Korea, which supports the hypothesis that the cost in securing a customer base will be reduced significantly.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of corporation internal reservation on R&D investment. It is to find how much effect the reflux tax has achieved through empirical analysis. In addition, education training expense was taken as a moderating variable to find the effectiveness of government policy. Furthermore, the study looked through the effect once again by using GMB model. According to the result counted by regression analysis, it could be concluded that the effect of both moderation and intervention had a significant effect and the variable of interest cost and welfare & benefit cost in model 1, 2 and 3 had a meaningful impact at the level of 99%. On the other hand, the previous corporate internal reservation failed to show any significant result in all types of models. Even in GBM model of convergence level applied to additional analysis, similar results came out.