• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.328-336
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• 1989

27 shipyard welders were diagnosed as pneumoconiosis and suspected pneumoconiosis(1976-1988) by chest radiographs and were observed over three years. 27 welders were divided into three groups by the state of exposure to welding fume i.e. cessation, decresase or continuity of exposure. And we observed the changing pattern of the chest radiographs of 27 welders with the passage of time. The results were as follows; 1. Grour I (ceased exposure to welding fume) were 10 cases(3 cases: suspected pneumoconiosis,7 cases: pneumoconiosis). Chest radiographs of all cases were improved. The shape and size of small opacities was improved in 6 cases(85.7%) and did not changed in 1 case(14.3%) out of 7 pneumoconiosis welders. 2. Group II (decreased exposure to welding fume) were S cases(2 cases: suspected pneumoconiosis, 3 cases: pneumoconiosis). Chest radiographs were progressed in 2 cases(40%), did not changed in 1 case(20%), were improved in 2 cases(40%) out of 5 cases. The shape and size of small opacities was progressed in 1 case(33.3%) and was improved in 2 cases(66.7%) out of 3 pneumoconiosis welders. 3. Group III(continued expoxsure to welding fume) were 12 cases(1 case: suspected pneumoconiosis, 11 cases: pneumoconiosis). Chest radiographs were progressed in 9 cases(75%), did not changed in 3 cases(25%) out of 12 cases. The shape and size of small opacities was progressed in 1 case(9.1%) and did not changed in 10 cases(90.9%) out of 11 pneumoconiosis welders. 4. The average duration for development into suspected pneumoconiosis was 6.6 years and for progression of each one category after that was 2.2 years(p<0.01). The radiological appearance of pneumoconiosis had disappeared or decreased after cessation of exposure to the welding fume. So that, early detection and control e.g., change of department of pneumoconiosis of welders by screening program will be important for medical surveillance of welders.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.713-722
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• 1995

연구 배경: 탄광부 전폐증과 조선소 용접공 폐증의 흉부 X-선 소견은 유사한 규칙성 음영을 보이는 예가 대부분이지만 이를 흉부 X-선만으로 구별한다는 것은 극히 어려운 일이다. 본 연구는 탄광부 진폐증과 용접공 폐증의 흉부 X-선 소견에 따른 폐기능과 다른 요인들을 비교하여 두 질환의 진행과정과 그것에 대한 대책에 도움을 주고져 한다. 방법: 탄광부 진폐증 430명과 용접공 폐증 311명을 대상으로 흉부 X-선 소견에서 소원형 음영의 조밀도에 따라 진폐의증, 1형, 2형으로 나누어 분포, 나이, 분진의 노출기간, %폐활량, 1초율 및 환기장해의 행태, 동반된 폐질환 등을 서로 비교하였다. 1) 탄광부 진폐증에서는 2형이 54.1%로 가장 많았고 용접공 폐증에서는 1형이 55.95%, 2형이 7.4%로 탄광부 진폐증에서 2형으로 진행도가 높았다. 2) 평균연령은 용접공 폐증에 비해 탄광부 폐증에서 유의하게 높았고, 소원형 음영의 조밀도가 증가함에 띠라 탄광부 폐증과 용접공 폐증에서 유의한 증가를 보였다. 3) 분진 노출의 기간은 진폐의증에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 1형과 2형의 탄광부 폐증에서 유의한 증가를 보였고, 소원형 음영의 조밀도가 증가됨에 따라 탄광부 폐증에서는 2형이 진폐의증과 1형보다 유의하게 증가하였으나, 용접공 폐증에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) %폐활량은 1형을 제외하고는 탄광부 폐증과 용접공 폐증에서 유의한 차이가 없었고, 소원형 음영의 조밀도에 따라서도 두 그룹에서 일정한 경향이 없었다. 5) 1초율은 진폐의증을 제외하고는 1형과 2형에서 탄광부 폐증에서 유의하게 감소하였고, 소원형 음영의 증가에 따라 탄광부 폐증에서는 유의한 감소를 보였으나 용접공 폐증에서는 진폐의증에 비해 2형에서만 유의하게 감소하였다. 6) 두 그룹에서 흡연과 비흡연에 따른 %VC, $%FEV_{1.0}$의 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 7) 폐기능 장해의 유형에 따라 탄광부 폐증에서 구속형 상해가 21.4%, 폐색형 장해가 11.6%, 혼합형 상해가 5.6%이고, 용접공 폐증에서 구속형 장해가 21.8%, 폐색형 장해가 2.9%, 혼합형 장해가 1.9%를 보였고, 탄광부 폐증에서는 조밀도가 증가할 수 록 폐색형 장해는 증가하였다. 8) 두 그룹에서 폐결핵의 발병률이 가장 높았으며 용접공 폐증에서보다 탄광부 진폐증에서 높았다. 결론: 탄광부 진폐증과 용접공 폐증에서 흉부 X-선 소견과에 따른 폐기능 비롯한 다른 요인들을 비교하면 질병의 진행정도와 진행에 대한 대책에 도움을 줄 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.104-111
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• 1998

진폐증발생에 관계되는 분진의 크기별 분진농도를 측정하고자 용접공진폐증이 발생된 울산의 모 조선회사에서 용접만 하는 작업장 14개소, 용접 및 그라인더, 절단, 블라스팅, 금속가공 등 혼합 작업장 32개소, 용접을 하지 않는 작업장 25개소 총 71개소를 대상으로 분진크기별로 분진의 채집이 가능한 Anderson 공기시료채집기를 이용하여 분진크기별 분진농도와 분진비율을 조사하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 각 작업장간의 분진크기별 분진농도는 대수정규 분포를 했으며 각 작업장의 분진의 기하평균치는 각각 $0.877mg/m^3,\;1.346mg/m^3,\;1.145mg/m^3$으로서 통계적으로 서로 차이가 없었으며 $0.43\sim4.7{\mu}m$ 분진농도가 각 작업장별로 각각 $0.395mg/m^3,\;0.491mg/m^3,\;0.364mg/m^3$으로 서로 차이가 없었다. 2. 분진크기별로 전체 분진농도에 대한 비율은 용접만 하는 작업장은 $1.1\sim0.65{\mu}m$ 크기의 분진이 제일 많았고 다음이 $0.43{\mu}m$이하, $11.0{\mu}m$이상, $0.65\sim0.43{\mu}m$ 크기순이었는데 반해 용접과 다른 작업을 동시에 하는 작업장과 용접을 하지 않는 작업장은 $11.0{\mu}m$이상의 분진의 비율이 제일 높고 다음이 $0.43{\mu}m$이하의 분진의 비율이 높았다. 그러나 $0.43\sim4.7{\mu}m$ 크기의 분진 비율은 용접만 하는 작업장은 48.5%, 용접과 다른 작업을 동시에 하는 작업장은 42.4%, 용접을 하지 않는 작업장은 35.6%로 통계적으로 서로 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 조선작업장의 경우 각 작업장에서 폭로되는 분진종류는 서로 다를 수 있으나 분진 크기별 분포와 농도는 작업종류에 관계없이 거의 비슷한 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.153-161
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• 1989

Authors studied on the prevalence of 94 cases of pneumoconiosis who were found out through the screening test on 1,062 workers engaged in welding process at 36 shipyard in Pusan area from March 1st, 1986 to November 30th, 1986. The result were as follows; 1. Dust concentration was measured $4.49{\pm}0.54mg/m^3$ in the small scale shipyard while it was $6.25{\pm}1.08mg/m^3$ in the large one. 2. The prevalence of welder's lung was 8.9% (male:8.5%, female:12.0%) and this is consist of 4.9% suspected pneumoconiosis and 4.0% pneumoconiosis more than category 1/0. 3. The prevalence was significantly increased according to the duration of dust exposure(p<0.05), and it showed the increasing tendency by the age group. 4. The prevalence was significantly higher in the large scale shipyard than is the small scale one(p<0.01). 5. The type and shape of opacities were 71.4% of p type and 28.6% of q type, however no pneumoconiosis with r type observed in this study. 6. The main subjective symptoms were the sputum(29.8%), coughing(25.5%), shortness of breath(20.2%), fatique(6.4%), and chest pain(5.3%). In other hand, 57.4% of pneumoconiosis were asymptomatic. 7. The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis was radiologically 1.7% in all subjects including 5.3% in pneumoconiosis and 1.3% in no pneumoconiosis(p<0.01).

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2004

Respiratory effects in full time welders include bronchitis, airway irritation, lung function changes, and lung fibrosis. Welder's pneumoconiosis has been generally determined to be benign and not associated with respiratory symptoms based on the absence of pulmonary function abnormalities in welders with marked radiographic abnormalities. Accordingly, to investigate pulmonary function changes during 60 days induced by welding-fume exposure, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to manual metal arc-stainless steel (MMA-SS) welding fumes with concentrations of 64.8$\pm$0.9 mg/$m^3$ (low dose) and 107.8 $\pm$ 2.6 mg/$m^3$ (high dose) total suspended particulates for 2 hr/day, 5 days/week in an inhalation chamber for 60 days. Pulmonary function was measured every week with whole body plethysmograph compensated (WBP Comp, SFT38116, Buxco Electronics, Sharon, CT). The rats exposed to the high dose of welding fumes exhibited statistically significant (p<0.05~0.01) body weight decrease as compared to the control whereas cell number increase of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (total cell, macrophage, polymorphonuclear cell and lymphocyte) during the 60 days exposure period. And only tidal volume was significantly decreased in dosedependantly during 60 days of MMA-SS welding fume exposure. This pulmonary function change with inflammatory cell recruitment confirms the lung injury caused by the MMA-SS welding fume exposure.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.125-125
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• 2003

Respiratory effects in full time welders include bronchitis, airway irritation, lung function changes, and lung fibrosis. Welder's pneumoconiosis has been generally determined to be benign and not associated with respiratory symptoms based on the absence of pulmonary function abnormalities in welders with marked radiographic abnormalities.(omitted)

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.68-83
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• 2003

Welders working in a confined space, like in the shipbuilding industry, are at risk of being exposed to high concentrations of welding fumes and developing pneumoconiosis or other welding-fume exposure related diseases. Among such diseases, manganism resulting from welding-fume exposure remains a controversial issue, as the movement of manganese into specific brain regions has not been clearly established.(omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-1
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• pp.72-72
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• 2003

Welders working in a the confined space, like in the shipbuilding industry, are have at risk of being exposed toing a high concentrations of welding fumes and of developing pneumoconiosis or other welding- fume exposure related diseases. Among such diseasesthem, manganism resulting fromcaused by welding- fume exposure remains ais still controversial issue, as the movement ofnd no clear demonstration of manganese movement into the specific brain regions has not been clearly established. (omitted)

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2003

Welders working in a confined space, like in the shipbuilding industry, are at risk of being exposed to high concentrations of welding fumes and developing pneumoconiosis or other welding-fume exposure related diseases. Among such diseases, manganism resulting from welding-fume exposure remains a controversial issue, as the movement of manganese into specific brain regions has not been clearly established. Accordingly, to investigate the distribution of manganese in the brain after welding-fume exposure, male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to welding fumes generated from manual metal arc stainless steel (MMA-SS) at concentrations of $63.6{\pm}4.1$ $mg/m^3$ (low dose, containing 1.6 $mg/m^3$ Mn) and $107.1{\pm}6.3$ $mg/m^3$ (high dose, containing 3.5 $mg/m^3$ Mn) total suspended particulates for 2 hrs per day, in an inhalation chamber over a 60-day period. Blood, brain, lungs and liver samples were collected after 2 hr, 15, 30, and 60 days of exposure and the tissues analyzed for their manganese concentrations using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Although dose- and time-dependent increases in the manganese concentrations were found in the lungs and livers of the rats exposed for 60 days, only slight manganese increases were observed in the blood during this period. Major statistically significant increases in the brain manganese concentrations were detected in the cerebellum after 15 days of exposure and up until 60 days. Slight increases in the manganese concentrations were also found in the substantia nigra, basal ganglia (caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus), temporal cortex, and frontal cortex, thereby indicating that the pharmacokinetics and distribution of manganese inhaled from welding fumes would appear to be different from those resulting from manganese-only exposure.