• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.1299-1309
• /
• 1998

본 논문에서는 블록 기반 DCT변환을 이용하는 JPEG/MPEG과 같은 영상압축 방법에서 발생하는 블록화 현상을 줄이는 새로운 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리즘은 에지 블록에서 발생하는 양자화 오류 예측 값에 대한 오류를 방지하여 순수한 양자화 오류만을 예측한다. 순수한 양자화 오류만을 판별하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 양자화되어 블록화 현상이 존재하는 영상의 블록 경계 화소차값의 특성을 이용한다. 이 특성은 입력 영상과 독립적으로 거의 일정한 형태를 가지며 양자화 계수(QF)에 관련된다. 이러한 특성을 이용하여 부가적인 에지 검출과정없이 블록의 에지 영역을 판별할 수 있으며, 블록 영역의 특성에 따라 양자화 오류와 그 보상치를 결정하여 블록화 현상을 제거한다. 손실된 양자화 오류를 구하고 블록 경계 화소차값 특성을 이용하여 각 영역별로 보상치를 결정함으써 에지 성분을 보존하면서 블록화 현상을 줄인다. 대표적인 실험 영상을 사용하여 성능을 비교하였을 때 제안한 방법은 기존의 방법에서 요구하는 제약조건을 두지 않고도 블록화 현상을 줄일 수 있다.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• 제54권2호
• /
• pp.155-164
• /
• 2016

This study explored the characteristics, housing deficits and expectations for support programs of low-income renter households in housing poverty in order to provide housing policy development and improvement information. Microdata of the 2014 Korea Housing Survey was utilized as secondary data for this study. A total of 2,508,672 low-income renter households (weighted count) in the bottom 40% income ranks of entire general households living in private rental units were selected as study subjects. The major findings were as follows. (1) One point four percent of the subjects were living in non-house living quarters (e.g., shanties, vinyl greenhouses, container houses, and mud huts), 1.4% were in dosshouses, 9.9% were in basements, semi-basements or rooftop units, and 8.2% were in sub-standard units. (2) Among the households whose housing costs burdens were measurable, 75.7% were found to have housing cost burdens to pay 30% or more of their household income towards housing costs (rental costs and maintenance costs), but only 7.5% of the burdened households received a housing voucher. (3) Eighty-one percent were found to be in a housing poverty status as defined by the researcher; in addition, low-income renter households in housing poverty in Seoul tended to have a greater proportion of households headed by females, the elderly, and be persons with low-education or disabilities. (4) Households in housing poverty showed greater expectations for financial support and/or extended provisions of public rental housing than other low-income renter households.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제30권5B호
• /
• pp.274-286
• /
• 2005

본 논문에서는 이동 에드 혹 네트워크에서 효율적인 전력 사용 및 신뢰성 있는 데이터 전송을 보장하는 연결형 dominating set 기반의 라우팅 프로토콜을 제안하였다. 연결형 dominating set 기반의 라우팅 알고리즘에서 잦은 dominating set의 재구성은 루트 손실로 인한 전송 에러를 발생시키기 때문에, 노드의 잔여 전력량과 이동성을 고려하여 게이트웨이 노드를 선택하여야 한다. 또한 같은 지역에 노드가 집중되어 있다면 매체를 공유하는 무선네트워크의 특성상 병목으로 인한 충돌 및 지연 등을 야기 시킬 가능성이 크다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 노드의 잔여전력량 및 이동성, 이웃 노드수의 가중 가산 값에 비례하여 이웃 구성 통보 메시지 (neighbor set advertisement message)의 브로드캐스팅을 지연시키는 방법을 통해 연결형 dominating set의 재구성을 최소화 하면서도 신뢰성 있고 효율적인 데이터 전송을 보장하는 새로운 연결형 dominating set 구성 방법을 제안하고 다양한 상황에서의 실험을 통해 그 성능을 비교 평가하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.1127-1139
• /
• 2013

다양한 영상장비로 획득된 영상을 구현할 때, 원영상에 여러 가지 원인으로 인한 잡음이 추가되는 것이 일반적인 현상이며 이러한 잡음을 완벽하게 막는 것은 매우 어려운 것이 사실이다. 이러한 이유로 추가된 잡음을 탐지하여 제거하거나 가능한 줄이는 것이 영상처리의 중요한 기본목적이다. 본 연구에서는 영상의 특징에 대한 방향을 탐지하고, 영상을 오염시키고 있는 잡음의 상대적인 크기를 측정하여 잡음에 대한 분산의 수준을 추정하였다. 또한 추정된 분산을 영상처리 분야에서 자주 사용되는 잡음제거 기법인 시그마 필터에 적용하고, 특징의 방향을 가중치로 사용하여 잡음을 효과적으로 제거하는 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서 제안한 잡음제거 방법을 통해 기존의 시그마 필터보다 개선된 잡음제거 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 추정된 잡음의 분산에 민감하지 않은 잡음제거 성능을 확인하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제41권6호
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 낙동강 대권역에서 공간지리 가중회귀모형을 이용하여 녹지지역과 BOD, TN, TP를 포함하는 수질과의 지역적 비균질적 관계를 검증하고자 수행되었다. 대부분 기존의 상관분석 혹은 회귀분석은 OLS (Ordinary Least Square)기법에 기초한 균질적 관계의 분석에 초점을 두어 왔다. 이러한 녹지지역과 수질의 균질적 관계에 기초한 분석은 지역적으로 변화를 고려하지 않는 단점이 있다. 연구대상지는 낙동강 대권역내 146개 지점이며, 수질자료와 토지피복 자료는 환경부 자료를 활용하였다. BOD, TN, TP에 대하여 일반 회귀모형과 모델과 GWR 모델을 추정하여 비교하였다. 비교결과, BOD와 TN의 GWR 모델이 OLS 모델에 비하여 우수한 것으로 나타났다. GWR 모델의 $R^2$와 녹지지역의 계수 값의 기초통계량을 분석한 결과, 지역적으로 큰 변동이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 유역 토지이용과 수질과의 관계가 공간적으로 비균절적이라는 것을 입증하여 주었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.130-134
• /
• 2009

Objectives : A method of estimation using 8 populationbased cancer registries databases in Korea(KRCR DB) has been introduced as another strategy for validly estimating the national cancer incidence(NCI) in Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of this method with using the 7 KRCR DBs, excluding Seoul covering 21% of the total population of Korea. Methods : We designed the study method(NCSE_7) as same as the estimating method with using 8 KRCR DBs (NCSE_8) in order to ensure maximal comparability. We defined the expected number of cancer cases in each registry as the number of observed cases and then we added the weighted observed cases according to gender, age and the proportion of the population covered by each registry for the population of the seven regions and the population of all areas, with excluding these seven regions. From the expected number of total cancer incidents, the estimated NCI was calculated by dividing the expected number of cancer cases by the number of the total population. The standard error(SE) of the estimated incidence was also taken from the expected number of total cancer incidents. Results : Compared with the results of the NCSE_8, the overall age-standardized rates(ASR) in men and women became over-estimated and under-estimated, respectively. Primary sites that showed statistically significant differences were the colo-rectum, prostate, breast and thyroid. The index of death certificate only(DCO)and microscopically verified(MV)% indicating levels of data quality were decreased, especially for the brain in DCO% and kidney in the MV%. Conclusions : The database of Seoul regional cancer registry has a key role for the method to estimate the valid nationwide cancer statistics in Korea with using the population-based cancer registries databases.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제41권6호
• /
• pp.380-386
• /
• 2008

Objectives: Valid data on the national cancer incidence (NCI) is the data should be needed to plan, monitor and evaluate the national cancer control programs. The purpose of this study was to estimate the NCI for 2000-2002 from 8 population-based cancer registries database in Korea (KRCR DB). Methods: We defined the expected number of cancer cases in each registry as the number of observed cases and then adding to the weighted observed cases, according to sex, age groups, and the proportion of the population covered by each registry for the population of the eight regions and the population of all areas with excluding the 8 regions. From the expected number of total cancer incidents, he estimated NCI was calculated by dividing the expected number of cancer cases by he umber of the total population. The standard error (SE) of the estimated incidence was also taken from the expected number of total cancer incidents. Results: The overall estimated crude rates in 2000-2002 ere 267.1 and 219.0 per 100,000 for men and women, respectively. The overall age-standardized rates (ASR) were 290.1 and 180.7 per 100,000, respectively. Compared with the ASRs obtained from Korea National Cancer Incidence database (KNCI DB), the estimated ASRs from the KRCR DB did not show statistically significant differences except for some cancers in women. For the aspect of the SE, index of DCO(death certificate only) and of MV(microscopically verified), the estimated ASRs from the KRCR DB are more accurate and they have higher quality rather than the calculated ASRs from the KNCI DB. Conclusions: We found that this developed method using the KRCR DB is valid and it could be another strategy for estimating the NCI in Korea.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.60-67
• /
• 2006

To improve the vehicle fuel economy, various technologies have been studied. Meanwhile it deteriorates fuel economy that the increased driving torque for Power Steering System (PSS) due to weighted vehicle and widened tire for low speed driving and parking. So the larger driving torque for PSS is, the lower fuel economy is. Therefore, the study about the effect of the driving torque for PSS and the engine total friction must be preceded to improve the vehicle fuel economy. In this study, a PSS module separated from the vehicle is used to measure the driving torque for PSS with respect to the pressure of PSS. The result shows that the driving torque for PSS was in direct proportion to the pressure of PSS 3 (N-m) driving torque for PSS vs. 10 (bar) pressure of PSS, and 8 (N-m) vs. 40 (bar). In addition, the driving torque and pressure for PSS was measured according to the engine speed in the component test condition which was in the vehicle condition. Measuring the driving torque for PSP in the vehicle condition was established by using the VeFAS which was a fuel economy analyzer developed in our lab and installing PSS By-pass line. The effect of the driving torque for PSS on the vehicle fuel economy was analyzed with FTP-75 cold start mode.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.302-308
• /
• 2001

SVD(Singular Value Decomposition) filter for the suppression of EMG in multi-lead stress ECG is studied. SVD filter consists of two parts. In the first part, the basis vectors were chosen from the averaged singular vectors obtained from the decomposed noise-free ECG. The singular vector is computed from the stress ECG and is compared itself with basis vectors to know whether the noise exist in stress ECG. In the second part, the existing elimination method is used, when one(or two) channels is(or are) contaminated by noise. But the proposed enhanced SVD filter is used in case of having the noise in the many channels. During signal decomposition and reconstruction, the noise-free channel or the least noisy channel have the weight of 1, the next less noisy channel has the weight of 0.8. In this way, every channel was weighted by decreased of 0.2 in proportion to the amount of the added noise. For the evaluation of the proposed enhanced SVD filter, we compared the SNR computed by the enhanced SVD filter with the standard average filter for the noise-free signal added with artificial noise and the patient data. The proposed SVD filter showed better in the SNR than the standard average filter. In conclusion, we could find that the enhanced SVD filter is more proper in processing multi-lead stress ECG.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제62권4호
• /
• pp.131-137
• /
• 2019

Purpose: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection can cause various neurological complications. This study aimed to investigate the RSV-associated neurologic manifestations that present with seizures. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients aged less than 15 years with laboratory-confirmed RSV infections and seizures between January 2011 and December 2016 in a regional hospital in South Korea. Results: During this period, 1,193 patients with laboratory-confirmed RSV infection were identified. Of these, 35 (35 of 1,193, 2.93%; boys, 19; girls, 16; mean age: $20.8{\pm}16.6months$) presented with seizure. Febrile seizure was the most common diagnosis (27 of 35, 77.1%); simple febrile seizures in 13 patients (13 of 27, 48.1%) and complex febrile seizures in 14 (14 of 27, 51.9%). Afebrile seizures without meningitis or encephalopathy were observed in 5 patients (5 of 35, 14.3%), seizures with meningitis in 2 (2 of 35, 5.7%), and seizure with encephalopathy in 1 (1 of 35, 2.9%) patient. Lower respiratory symptoms were not observed in 8 patients. In a patient with encephalopathy, brain diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed transient changes in white matter, suggesting cytotoxic edema as the mechanism underlying encephalopathy. Most patients recovered with general management, and progression to epilepsy was noted in only 1 patient. Conclusion: Although febrile seizures are the most common type of seizure associated with RSV infection, the proportion of patients with complex febrile seizures was higher than that of those with general febrile seizures. Transient cytotoxic edema may be a pathogenic mechanism in RSV-related encephalopathy with seizures.