• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제60권12호
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• pp.32.1-32.10
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• 2018

Background: Necdin (NDN), a member of the melanoma antigen family showing imprinted pattern of expression, has been implicated as causing Prader-Willi symptoms, and known to participate in cellular growth, cellular migration and differentiation. The region where NDN is located has been associated to QTLs affecting reproduction and early growth in cattle, but location and functional analysis of the molecular mechanisms have not been established. Methods: Here we report the sequence variation of the entire coding sequence from 72 samples of cattle, yak, buffalo, goat and sheep, and discuss its variation in Bovidae. Median-joining network analysis was used to analyze the variation found in the species. Synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates were determined for the analysis of all the polymorphic sites. Phylogenetic analysis were carried out among the species of Bovidae to reconstruct their relationships. Results: From the phylogenetic analysis with the consensus sequences of the studied Bovidae species, we found that only 11 of the 26 nucleotide changes that differentiate them produced amino acid changes. All the SNPs found in the cattle breeds were novel and showed similar percentages of nucleotides with non-synonymous substitutions at the N-terminal, MHD and C-terminal (12.3, 12.8 and 12.5%, respectively), and were much higher than the percentage of synonymous substitutions (2.5, 2.6 and 4.9%, respectively). Three mutations in cattle and one in sheep, detected in heterozygous individuals were predicted to be deleterious. Additionally, the analysis of the biochemical characteristics in the most common form of the proteins in each species show very little difference in molecular weight, pI, net charge, instability index, aliphatic index and GRAVY (Table 4) in the Bovidae species, except for sheep, which had a higher molecular weight, instability index and GRAVY. Conclusions: There is sufficient variation in this gene within and among the studied species, and because NDN carry key functions in the organism, it can have effects in economically important traits in the production of these species. NDN sequence is phylogenetically informative in this group, thus we propose this gene as a phylogenetic marker to study the evolution and conservation in Bovidae.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2021

최근 딥러닝 기반 자연언어처리 연구들은 다양한 출처의 대용량 데이터들을 함께 학습하여 성능을 올리고자 하는 연구들을 진행하고 있다. 그러나 다양한 출처의 데이터를 하나로 합쳐서 학습시키는 방법론은 성능 향상을 막게 될 가능성이 존재한다. 기계번역의 경우 병렬말뭉치 간의 번역투(의역, 직역), 어체(구어체, 문어체, 격식체 등), 도메인 등의 차이로 인하여 데이터 편차가 발생하게 되는데 이러한 말뭉치들을 하나로 합쳐서 학습을 시키게 되면 성능의 악영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이에 본 논문은 기계번역에서 병렬말뭉치 간의 균형성을 고려한 Corpus Weight Balance (CWB) 학습 방법론을 제안한다. 실험결과 말뭉치 간의 균형성을 고려한 모델이 그렇지 않은 모델보다 더 좋은 성능을 보였다. 더불어 단일 말뭉치로도 고품질의 병렬 말뭉치를 구축할 수 있는 휴먼번역 시장과의 상생이 가능한 말뭉치 구축 프로세스를 추가로 제안한다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권5A호
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• pp.673-683
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• 2008

본 연구는 PSC I 거더교량을 대상으로 포장층에 축감지기가 없이 오로지 교량 상부구조 하면에서 측정한 변형률 신호만을 이용하는 차량하중분석시스템 개발에 관한 것이다. 중 차량이 교량을 주행할 때 교량 바닥판에서 측정한 변형률 신호로 차량주행정보를 추출하고, 교량 거더 및 가로보에서 측정한 변형률 신호로 차량하중정보를 추출하는 방법이다. 이러한 정보 분석을 위하여 영향선 분석방법과 인공신경망 분석방법을 사용하였다. 학습 데이터 확보 및 시스템 검증을 위하여 임의차량 및 시험차량 주행시험을 실시하였다. 대상 교량에서 하중분석결과, 가로보 변형률 신호를 이용한 경우가 거더 변형률 신호를 이용한 경우보다 더 정확한 결과를 나타내었고, 차선당 2열로 설치된 교량 바닥판 슬래브의 변형률 신호를 이용한 피크 검출 알고리즘도 차량의 속도와 축 수, 주행 차선, 축간 거리, 차간 거리 등의 주행정보를 추출하는데 매우 효과적임을 확인하였다. 또한, 가로보의 변형률 신호를 가지고 인공신경망 학습을 하여 시스템을 구성할 수 있는 경우가 기존의 거더 변형률 신호와 영향선만으로 시스템을 구성하는 경우보다 더 정확한 결과를 얻을 수 있음도 확인 하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2024

Objectives: Interventions promoting physical exercise and healthy habits in workplaces have been shown to be effective in reducing risk factors for metabolic syndrome. This study was conducted to examine the effects of an individualized conditioning exercise program of IT company office workers with or at higher risk of metabolic syndrome. Methods: A total of 444 IT company office workers with or at higher risk of metabolic syndrome participated in a 3-month conditioning exercise program. Body composition data using bioelectrical impedance analysis and cardiopulmonary data using cardiopulmonary exercise testing from 53 individuals (mean age: 34.8 ± 7.1 years, sex : 21% female, height : 170.4 ± 6.8 cm, weight : 75.2±12.2 kg, body mass index : 25.8±3.3 kg/m²) who have successfully completed pre-test, intervention, and post-test were analyzed. The 12 weeks intervention encompassed: (1) health counseling (2) supervised exercise(endurance-based, aerobic exercise, or circuit training once a week for 50 minutes at heart rate reserve(HRR) of 77-95%) (3) self-directed exercise and biweekly health screening checks. Results: The results indicated a significant decrease in body weight, body fat mass and body mass index, respectively. Moreover, VO₂peak, AT VO₂ and AT Time significantly improved, respectively. Resting blood pressure(SBP/DBP) showed positive changes but were not statistically significant. We observed the correlation between characteristics of participants and rate of changes in cardiopulmonary outcomes of participants, there are no significant correlation. These results indicate positive changes in body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters following individualized conditioning exercise program. Conclusions: Individualized workplace exercise program for preventing metabolic syndrome can lead to improvements in body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.239-247
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• 2008

Low back disorders (LBDs) have been the most common musculoskeletal problem in Korean workplaces. It affects many workers, and is associated with high costs to many companies as well as the individual, which can negatively influence even the quality of life of workers. The _evaluation of low back disorder risk associated with manual materials handling tasks can be performed using variety of ergonomic assessment tools such as National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Revised Lifting Equation (NLE), the Washington Administrative Code 296-62-0517 (WAC), the Snook Tables etc. But most of these tools provide limited information for choosing the most appropriate assessment method for a particular job and in finding out advantage and disadvantage of the methods, and few have been assessed for their predictive ability. The focus of this study was to _evaluate spinal loads in real time with lifting and pulling heavy cow leathers in variety of postures. Data for estimating mean trunk motions were collected as employees did their work at the job site, using the Lumbar Motion Monitor. Eight employees (2 males, 6 females) were selected in this study, in which the load weight and the vertical start and destination heights of the activity remained constant throughout the task. Variance components (three dimensional spaces) of mean trunk kinematic measures were estimated in a hierarchical design. They were used to compute velocity and acceleration of multiple employees performing the same task and to repetitive movements within a task. Therefore, a results of this study could be used as a quantitative, objective measure to design the workplace so that the risk of occupationally related low back disorder should be minimized.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 교량 모니터링 시스템의 일부분으로 서해대교에 설치된 교량 하중측정 시스템(BWIM system)으로부터 획득한 신호를 분석하여 통행차량의 정보를 추출하기 위한 알고리즘의 개발과정과 이를 위해 수행한 현장 차량주행시험에 대하여 기술하였다. 개발된 BWIM 시스템은 포장층에 매설하는 축감지기가 없는 형태로, 바닥판과 가로보에 설치된 변형률계로부터 측정한 시간이력 변형률신호만을 이용하였다. 이들 측정신호로부터 추출하고자 하는 차량의 정보는 통과차로, 통과속도, 차 축수 및 총 중량이며, 이들 정보의 추출을 위해 패턴인식기법의 일종인 인공신경망(Aritificial Neural Network, ANN) 기법을 사용하였다. 현장 차량주행시험을 통하여 기지차량 및 미지차량 통행시의 BWIM 응답 데이터를 측정하였으며, 이들 실측데이터를 사용하여 인공신경망의 학습 및 성능검증을 수행하였다. 개발된 기법을 사용하여 추출되는 차량의 정보들은 현재의 교량상태 및 피로수명 평가시 활용될 수 있을 것이며, 향후 설계트럭 하중모델의 개정시 기초자료로도 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.34-48
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of mild-intensity exercise training on the denervated muscle atrophy in the sciatic nerve injured rat. Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats (250~300 g) were randomly assigned into three groups; sham-denervated group (n=8), denervated group (n=8), and denervated-exercised group (n=20). Exercise consisted of treadmill running at 20 m/min speed with 0% grade for 30 min/day. The animals were decapitated at the second and sixth weeks postcrush. Soleus and medial gastrocnemius were immediately excised to be weighed. Type I and II fibers of the muscles were differentiated by m-ATPase (pH 9.4) stain, and fiber diameters were evaluated. The results were as follows: 1) The weight of the soleus and medial gastrocnemius muscles showed a tendency to increase in both the denervation-exercised groups compared to the denervated group. 2) In the 2-week denervation-exercised group, type II fiber diameter of soleus and type I fiber diameter of medial gastrocnemius were increased significantly compared to the denervated control group. 3) In the 6-week denervated-exercised group, type I fiber diameter of soleus and type II fiber diameter of medial gastrocnemius were hypertrophied significantly compared to sham-denervated group. The results of this study suggested that treadmill exercise partially prevented denervation atrophy in the soleus and medial gastrocnemius of the rat.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.59-75
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to investigate risk factors of low back pain in civil airmen and to use this information as basis for the back rehabilitation. Subjects of this study were randomly selected 276 civil airmen who had been employed at four airports in Seoul. These data were analyzed by $X^2$ test, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple logistic regression using SAS. The results were as follows: 1) The prevalence of low back pain among 276 civil airmen was 64.9%. 2) The most common cause of low back pain was load lifting (stewardess), long sitting (aircrew A), and long sitting plus training (aircrew B). 3) There were no statistically significant associations among age, height, body weight, and low back pain. 4) No statistically significant relationships were found among the average monthly working time, total working time, average monthly rest time, working year and low back pain. 5) There was statistically significant relation ship between abnormal posture and low back pain (p<.01). 6) There was statistically significant relation ship between fatigue and low back pain among stewardess and aircrew B. 7) There was a statistically significant relationship between job satisfaction and job-related stress (p<.05). 8) In stewardess, higher satisfaction score was associated with less likelihood of low back pain (odds ratio = .80). The results of this study indicate that civil airmen developed chronicity of low back pain due to unfit seat, poor habitual posture, fatigue symptom, and stress or other risk factors. Therefore, there is a need to improve the working environment for the prevention of posture-related low back pain.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.92-101
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics and the current condition of musculoskeletal pain sufferers among fitness center users. The investigation used self-reporting questionnaire with the 797 subjects. On average, the subjects were 30.6 years old, 168.8 cm in height and 65.2 kg in weight. Among them, 423 were male (53.1%) and 374 were female (46.9%). Out of them, 276 suffered from pain, (35.2%). More men felt muscle aches than women (p<.05). In terms of pain, lower back area topped the list with 44.9%, followed by the lower extremities (30.1%), the neck (17.8%) and the upper part of the body (17.8%). Dieters suffered the most from pain (86.2%) while those exercising to build strength suffered the least with 26.8%. There was a significant relationship between the purpose for exercising and the amount of pain suffered (p<.05). By kind of exercise, pain stroke aerobic exercisers disproportionately with 42.4% while it almost steered clear of exercisers for strengthening with 26.9%. There was significant relationship between the kind of exercise and pain suffered (p<.05). The type of suffering differed by body shape. A significantly higher number of overweight people experienced pain than underweight people (p<.05). 32.8% of pain sufferers commented that the pain affects their workout, and on this issue there was no gender difference (p>.05). The pain caused more difficulties in doing activities of daily living for overweight or obese peoples than underweight peoples (p<.05). More than a third of health club and fitness center users are experiencing musculoskeletal pains. Measures such as professional training or information provision is required to prevent injury or disorder caused by improper exercise.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fatigue induction on ground reaction force (GRF) components, postural stability, and vertical jump performance in Taekwondo athletes. Method: Ten Taekwondo athletes (5 men, 5 women; mean age, $22.30{\pm}2.62years$; mean height, $174.21{\pm}9.20cm$; mean body weight, $67.28{\pm}12.56kg$) participated in this study. Fatigue was induced by a short period of strenuous exercise performed on a motorized treadmill. The analyzed variables included vertical jump performance, static stability (mediolateral [ML], center of pressure [COP], anteroposterior [AP] COP, ${\Delta}COPx$, ${\Delta}COPy$, and COP area), postural stability index values (ML stability index [MLSI], AP stability index [APSI], vertical stability index [VSI], dynamic postural stability index [DPSI]), and GRF components (ML force, AP force, peak vertical force [PVF], and loading rate). To analyze the variables measured in this study, PASW version 22.0 was used to calculate the mean and standard deviation, while a paired t-test was used to evaluate the pre- versus post-fatigue results. Pearson's correlation coefficients among variables were also analyzed. The statistical significance level was set at ${\alpha}$ = .05. Results: Vertical jump performance decreased significantly after the induction of fatigue, while AP COP, ${\Delta}COPx$, COP area, APSI, VSI, and DPSI increased significantly. PVF and loading rate increased significantly after the induction of fatigue, while the postural stability variables (AP COP, ${\Delta}COPy$, COP area, APSI, VSI, DPSI) were similarly correlated with GRF components (PVF, loading rate) after fatigue was achieved (r = .600, $R^2$ = 37%). Conclusion: These results suggest that the induction of fatigue can decrease postural stability and exercise performance of Taekwondo athletes during training and competition sessions.