• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권9호
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• pp.901-907
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• 2015

비커스 경도 실험은 세라믹스 재료의 경도를 특성화하는데 사용되는 일반적인 실험법이다. 그러나 경도도 하나의 확률변수로 취급하는 것이 일반적이다. 본 연구의 목적은 단상 $ZrO_2$ 와 SiC 첨가한 $ZrO_2/SiC$ 복합 세라믹스의 굽힘강도와 비커스 경도의 통계적 성질을 조사하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 와이블 통계 해석에 기초하여 그들의 결과를 특성치와 변동을 비교 고찰하였다. 굽힘강도 및 비커스 경도는 모두 와이블 분포에 비교적 잘 적합할 수 있음을 알았다. 또한 단상 $ZrO_2$ 와 SiC 첨가한 $ZrO_2/SiC$ 복합 세라믹스와 그들의 열처리재에 대한 비커스 경도의 확률분포에 대한 척도 및 형상 파라메터 값을 평가하였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.138-147
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• 2017

As the functions and structure of the system are complicated and elaborated, various types of structures are emerging to increase reliability in order to cope with a system requiring higher reliability. Among these, standby systems with standby components for each major component are mainly used in aircraft or power plants requiring high reliability. In this study, we consider a standby system with a multi-functional standby component in which one standby component simultaneously performs the functions of several major components. The structure of a parallel system with multifunctional standby components can also be seen in real aircraft hydraulic pump systems and is very efficient in terms of weight, space, and cost as compared to a basic standby system. All components of the system have complete operation, complete failure, only two states, and the system has multiple states depending on the state of the component. At this time, the multi-functional standby component is assumed to be in a non-operating standby state (Cold Standby) when the main component fails. In addition, the failure rate of each part follows the Weibull distribution which can be expressed as increasing type, constant type, and decreasing type according to the shape parameter. If the Weibull distribution is used, it can be applied to various environments in a realistic manner compared to the exponential distribution that can be reflected only when the failure rate is constant. In this paper, Markov chain analysis method is applied to evaluate the reliability of multi-functional multi-state standby system. In order to verify the validity of the reliability, a graph was generated by applying arbitrary shape parameters and scale parameter values through Excel. In order to analyze the effect of multi-functional multi-state standby system using Weibull distribution, we compared the reliability based on the most basic parallel system and the standby system.

• 에너지공학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2005

본 논문은 현재 건설 중인 대관령 풍력발전 단지의 풍력 발전 관련 풍속의 분포 및 풍력 발전량을 검토하고, 대관령 풍력 발전의 경제성을 분석하였다. 풍력발전에 있어 풍속의 분포가 핵심요소이고, 풍속분포는 shape factor및 scale factor로 구성되는 Weibull 분포함수로 일반적으로 표현되나, 실제 풍속 분포자료를 조사하여 최적의 계수를 도출, 연간 풍력 발전량을 구하였다. 풍력발전 시설의 초기투자비 및 유지관리 비용은 국내 자료를 이용코자 하였으나, 관련 자료의 확보에 어려움이 있어 유럽풍력협회의 자료(EWEA, 2003. 12)를 적용하였다. 결과는 현재 발전차액제도를 통해 보전되는 풍력에너지의 적정한 기준가격을 마련하는데 유익한 정보를 제공한다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.469-478
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• 2020

This study aims to establish a new methodological framework for the evaluation of the evolution of the reliability of plain concrete for pavement vs number of cycles under flexural fatigue loading. According to the framework, a new method calculating the reliability was proposed through probability simulation in order to describe a random accumulation of fatigue damage, which combines reliability theory, one-to-one probability density functions transformation technique, cumulative fatigue damage theory and Weibull distribution theory. Then the statistical analysis of flexural fatigue performance of cement concrete tested was carried out utilizing Weibull distribution. Ultimately, the reliability for the tested cement concrete was obtained by the proposed method. Results indicate that the stochastic evolution behavior of concrete materials under fatigue loading can be captured by the established framework. The flexural fatigue life data of concrete at different stress levels is well described utilizing the two-parameter Weibull distribution. The evolution of reliability for concrete materials tested in this study develops by three stages and may corresponds to develop stages of cracking. The proposed method may also be available for the analysis of degradation behaviors under non-fatigue conditions.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.95-110
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• 2022

Wind energy can be utilized for the generation of electricity, due to significant wind potential at different parts of the world, some countries have already been generating of electricity through wind. Pakistan is still well behind and has not yet made any appreciable effort for the same. The objective of this work was to add some new strategies to calculate Weibull parameters and assess wind energy potential. A new approach calculates Weibull parameters; we also developed an alternate formula to calculate shape parameters instead of the gamma function. We obtained k (shape parameter) and c (scale parameter) for two-parameter Weibull distribution using five statistical methods for five different cities in Pakistan. Maximum likelihood method, Modified Maximum likelihood Method, Method of Moment, Energy Pattern Method, Empirical Method, and have been to calculate and differentiate the values of (shape parameter) k and (scale parameter) c. The performance of these five methods is estimated using the Goodness-of-Fit Test, including root mean square error, mean absolute bias error, mean absolute percentage error, and chi-square error. The daily 10-minute average values of wind speed data (obtained from energydata.info) of different cities of Pakistan for the year 2016 are used to estimate the Weibull parameters. The study finds that Hyderabad city has the largest wind potential than Karachi, Quetta, Lahore, and Peshawar. Hyderabad and Karachi are two possible sites where wind turbines can produce reasonable electricity.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2018

In this study, the flexural fatigue performance of concrete beams made with 100% Coarse Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) and 100% Coarse Natural Aggregates (NA) were statistically commanded. For this purpose, the experimental fatigue test results of earlier researcher were investigated using two parameter Weibull distribution. The shape and scale parameters of Weibull distribution function was evaluated using seven numerical methods namely, Graphical method (GM), Least-Squares (LS) regression of Y on X, Least-Squares (LS) regression of X on Y, Empherical Method of Lysen (EML), Mean Standard Deviation Method (MSDM), Energy Pattern Factor Method (EPFM) and Method of Moments (MOM). The average of Weibull parameters was used to incorporate survival probability into stress (S)-fatigue life (N) relationships. Based on the Weibull theory, as single and double logarithm fatigue equations for RCA and NA under different survival probability were provided. The results revealed that, by considering 0.9 level survival probability, the theoretical stress level corresponding to a fatigue failure number equal to one million cycle, decreases by 8.77% (calculated using single-logarithm fatigue equation) and 6.62% (calculated using double logarithm fatigue equation) in RCA when compared to NA concrete.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.790-805
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• 1988

본 연구에서는 유리섬유 강화 에폭시 복합재료의 파괴 강도와 피로 수명을 정 규분포, 로그 정규 분포와 2모수 및 3모수 Weibull 분포 함수의 기대값으로 살펴 보았 다. 2연속 응력 피로 실험 [작은 응력에서 큰 응력으로의 실험(low-high test), 큰 응력에서 작은 응력으로의 실험(high-low test)]의 결과도 분포 함수들을 사용하여 분 석하였다. 비통계학적 누적 손상 법칙들(non-statistical cumulative damage rules) 을 2연속 응력 피로 수명 분산 예측에 이용하기 위해서 동등 순위 가정(equal rank assumption)을 확장하여 수정하였다. 수정한 누적 손상 모형은 Miner의 법칙, Brou- tman과 Sahu의 손상모형 및 Hashin과 Rotem의 모형 등이다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.325-337
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• 2017

In this paper, we proposed a new long-term lifetime distribution with four parameters inserted in a risk competitive scenario with decreasing, increasing and unimodal hazard rate functions, namely the Weibull-Poisson long-term distribution. This new distribution arises from a scenario of competitive latent risk, in which the lifetime associated to the particular risk is not observable, and where only the minimum lifetime value among all risks is noticed in a long-term context. However, it can also be used in any other situation as long as it fits the data well. The Weibull-Poisson long-term distribution is presented as a particular case for the new exponential-Poisson long-term distribution and Weibull long-term distribution. The properties of the proposed distribution were discussed, including its probability density, survival and hazard functions and explicit algebraic formulas for its order statistics. Assuming censored data, we considered the maximum likelihood approach for parameter estimation. For different parameter settings, sample sizes, and censoring percentages various simulation studies were performed to study the mean square error of the maximum likelihood estimative, and compare the performance of the model proposed with the particular cases. The selection criteria Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, and likelihood ratio test were used for the model selection. The relevance of the approach was illustrated on two real datasets of where the new model was compared with its particular cases observing its potential and competitiveness.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.240-247
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• 2009

The results of performance analysis by adopting the channel scenarios characterized as Weibull fading for an multicarrierdirect sequence-coded division multiple access (MC-DS-CDMA) system are proposed in this investigation. On the other hand, an approximate simple expression with the criterion of bit error rate (BER) versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) method is derived for an MC-DS-CDMA system combining with maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversity based on the moment generating function (MGF) formula of Weibull statistics, and it associates with an alternative expression of Gaussian Q-function. Besides, the other point of view on the BER performance evaluation of an MC-DS-CDMA system is not only the assumption of both single-user and multi-user cases applied, but the phenomena of partial band interference (PBI) is also included. Moreover, in order to validate the accuracy in the derived formulas, some of the system parameters, such as Weibull fading parameter (${\beta}$), user number (K), spreading chip number (N), branch number (L), and the PBI (JSR) values, etc., are compared with each other in the numerical results. To the best of author's knowledge, it is a brand new idea which proposes the evaluation of the system performance for an MC-DS-CDMA system over the point of view with Weibull fading channel.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.54-64
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• 2010

Interest in new and renewable energies like solar energy and wind energy is increasing throughout the world due to the rapidly expanding energy consumption and environmental reasons. An essential requirement for wind force power generation is estimating the size of wind energy accurately. Wind energy is estimated usually using meteorological data or field measurement. This study attempted to estimate wind energy density using meteorological data on daily mean wind speed and the Weibull parameters in Seoul, a representative inland city where over 60% of 15 story or higher apartments in Korea are situated, and Busan, Incheon, Ulsan and Jeju that are major coastal cities in Korea. According to the results of analysis, the monthly mean probability density distribution based on the daily mean wind speed agreed well with the monthly mean probability density distribution based on the Weibull parameters. This finding suggests that the Weibull parameters, which is highly applicable and convenient, can be utilized to estimate the wind energy density distribution of each area. Another finding was that wind energy density was higher in coastal cities Busan and Incheon than in inland city Seoul.