• Title/Summary/Keyword: weedy rice

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Weed Occurrence and Competitive Characteristic under Different Cultivation Types of Rice(Oryza sativa L.) - 5. Competition Period of Rice and Weed (수도(水稻) 재배유형별(栽培類型別) 잡초발생(雜草發生) 양상(樣相)과 경합특성(競合特性) - 제(第)5보(報), 잡초경합(雜草競合) 한계기간(限界期間))

  • Im, I.B.;Guh, J.O.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.105-114
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    • 1995
  • Differences in critical period of weed competition were investigated among five types of rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivation. Increase in weed-free period resulted in 1-2 days delay of heading date in machine transplanting and direct-seeding as compared with complete weed-free plot. When weedy period increased, there was no difference in heading date in transplanting cultivations. In direct-seeding, however, weedy period of 7-10 weeks after seeding(WAS) resulted in 4-7 days delay of heading date, whereas further increase in the weedy period caused rather 5-6 days advance in heading date. Weed-free period did not significantly affect yield components in conventional hand transplanting. In machine transplanting with 30-day-old seedling decreases in percent ripening and 1,000-grain weight were caused by weeds emerged within 4 weeks after transplanting(WAT). All yield components were decreased due to weedy period in machine transplanting with 10-day-old seedling. In direct-seeding weedy periods caused to decrease in number of panicles, number of spikelets, percent ripening, and 1,000-grain weight were 8-9, 4-5, 3-4, and 8-10 WAS, respectively. The critical periods of weed competition were determined as the following. In conventional hand transplanting weed-free must be maintained for either 4 weeks after transplanting or the rest period after 8 WAT. In machine transplanting with 30-day-old seedling weed-free must keep for either 5 weeks after transplanting or the rest period after 8 WAT. In machine transplanting with 10-day-old seedling weeds must be removed for either 5 weeks after transplanting or the rest period after 7 WAT. Weed-free must be kept between 5 and 7 WAS in flood direct-seeded rice and between 6 and 9 WAS in dry direct-seeded rice.

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Optimum Seeding Date of Wet Hill Seeding on Puddled Soil after Weedy Rice Control in Southern Plain Area of South Korea (잡초성벼 경종적 방제 후 남부지역 벼 무논점파재배 파종적기)

  • Hwang, Woon-Ha;Jeong, Jae-Hyeok;Lee, Hyen-Seok;Yang, Seo-Yeong;Lee, Chung-Keun;Cho, Seung-Hyun;Min, Hyun-Kyung;Kim, Sang-Kuk;Han, Eun-Hui;Choi, Kyung-Jin
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.63 no.4
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    • pp.273-281
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    • 2018
  • Wet hill seeding (WHS) is one of the more famous labor and money saving methods technology used for rice cultivation. In WHS, rice standing percentage and weedy rice occurrence are the most important factors considered to secure a rice yield. We investigated the optimum seeding date of WHS in the Southern Plain area of South Korea. Weedy rice needed two weeks at $15^{\circ}C$ to show over 80% emergence. Germinated rice seed grown at $20^{\circ}C$ needed over for 10 days to achieve a shoot length over 3 cm. In field cultivation, the mean temperature for ten days after seeding showed a highly positive correlation with rice standing rate, spikelet number per square meter and yield index that favorably compared to machine transplanting. With these data, we suggest that the optimum seeding date of WHS that can secure over 98% of yield index of machine transplanting in Southern part of Korea is May. 21~Jun. 5 in Honam and May. 16~Jun. 5 in Yeongnam area.

Distribution of Habitats and Ecology of Weedy Melons (Cucumis melo var. agrestis Naud.) in Korea (우리나라 야생잡초 참외의 자생지 분포지역 및 생태)

  • Lee, Woo-Sung
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.652-655
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    • 2013
  • Natural habitats of weedy melons were distributed on the islands along and on the west and south coasts of Korean peninsula including Boryeong, Seosan (Taean), Seocheon, Okgu, Buan, Gochang, Yeonggwang, Muan, Shinan, Haenam, Jindo, Wando, Goheung, Yeocheon, Hadong, Namhae, Goseong, Tongyeong, Geoje, and Jeju islands including Jeju city, Bukjeju-gun and Nam Jeju-gun. Weedy melons were found growing wildly in or around the cultivated lands in these regions. Natural habitats of weedy melons were in and around the cultivated lands. Weedy melon plants were found most often in soybean fields, followed by fields of mungbean, sweet potato, pepper, sesame, cotton, and peanuts. The plants were also found growing wild in foxtail millet fields, rice paddy levees along the streams, upland field edges, watermelon fields, corn fields, vegetable gardens near farmhouse, orange fields, compost piles, fallow fields, roadside and home gardens. They inhabited in sunny and a little dry spaces in relatively low-height crop plant fields in general. The time of fruit maturity was from early July to late October with the most frequency in September according to post survey answer. Fruits dropped off from the fruit stalk when matured. This phenomenon was thought beneficial for perpetuation in the wild. The fruits were being used commonly for food and toys for children. It was thought that weedy melons were perpetuating through the cycle of human and animal feeding of the fruits, human and animal droppings, often mixed in compost, and application of the compost to crop fields by human.

Evaluation of Crossability, Seed Dormancy and Overwintering Ability in Glufosinate Ammonium-Resistant GM Rice and Their Hybrids with Non-GM and Weedy Rice

  • Lee, Seung-Yeob;Kim, Min-Soo;Kim, Hyo-Jin;Han, Seong-Soo
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.51 no.1
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    • pp.53-58
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    • 2006
  • This study was conducted to investigate the crossability, seed dormancy and overwintering ability of rice plant in GM (glufosinate ammonium-resistant lines. Iksan 483 and Milyang 204) and non-GM (their parents) or red rice (Andongaengmi). Seed-setting rate was not significantly different between GM and non-GM rice varieties. Iksan 483 and Milyang 204 showed the similar level of seed germination rate from 30 to 50 days after heading as compared to non-GM rice varieties. After overwintering in paddy field, seed germination rate of GM and non-GM rice varieties ranged from 14.3 % to 57.6 % in dry soil condition, but there was no germination in wet-soil except red rice. The result in wet-soil condition may help to set up a strategy for reducing the risk of gene flow of transgene via dispersal of seeds of GM plants. The crossability, seed dormancy and seed overwintering of Iksan 483 and Milyang 204, herbicide resistant GM rice varieties, were not significantly different compared to non-GM rice varieties. The results might be helpful to reduce the risk of transgene dispersal from GM crop via seeds and pollens.

Weed Occurrence and Competitive Characteristic under Different Cultivation types of Rice(Oyriza sativa L.) - 3. Difference in Weed Occurrence and Rice Growth Under the Competitive Periods (수도(水稻) 재배유형별(栽培類型別) 잡초발생(雜草發生) 양상(樣相)과 경합특성(競合特性) - 제(第) 3 보(報). 경합기간(競合其間)에 따른 잡초발생(雜草發生) 및 벼의 생육량(生育量) 차이(差異))

  • Im, I.B.;Guh, J.O.;Oh, Y.J.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.114-121
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    • 1993
  • Differences in need occurrence and competition were investigated among five types of rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivation. Dry weights of weeds in between transplanting and/or seeding and heading date showed in the decreasing order of dry direct-seeded, flood direct-seeded, machine transplanting with 10-day-old seedling, machine transplanting with 30-day-old seedling, and conventional hand transplanting. A similar trend was obtained with application of weedy followed by weed-free. Weed-free periods allowed to decrease by 20% dry weight of rice were 3 weeks after transplanting(WAT) in transplanting cultivations, 5 weeks after seeding(WAS) in wet direct-seeded rice, and 7-8 WAS in dry direct-seeded rice. On the other hand, weedy periods as determined by the same criterion were 9 WAT in conventional hand transplanting and machine transplanting with 30-day-old seedling, 7 WAT in machine transplanting with 10-day-old seedling, 8 WAS in dry direct-seeded rice, and 6 WAS in flood direct-seeded rice.

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A Study on Technology Transfer of Bokto Seeding Method for Crop Production - Based on Theory of Asian and Pacific Center for Transfer of Technology(APCTT) - (복토직파재배기술의 수용과 기술 확산에 관한 연구 - 아시아태평양기술이전센터(APCTT) 이론을 중심으로 -)

  • Ahn, D.H.;Park, K.H.;Kang, Y.K.
    • Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.29-41
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    • 2008
  • This research was conducted to develop a technology transfer and farmer's extension of newly released technology of Bokto seeding method for crop and vegetable production based on the theory of Asian and Pacific Center for Transfer of Technology(APCTT). This technology has recently transferred to not only Korea but also other countries like North Korea, China, Japan, Taiwan, Russia and Africa(Cameroon, Sudan and South Africa) since 2005. It has known as a highly reduction of production cost in terms of labors, chemical fertilizer and pesticides as well as environmental friendly due to a deep and side banded placement of chemical fertilizer at basal application. In addition this technology was proven to a precision farming on sowing depth and mechanism of chemical application method and also highly resistant against disasters like typhoon, flooding, low temperature, drought and lodging due to silicate application. It has improved a constraints such as a poor seedling establishment, weed occurrence, lodging, low yield and poor grain and eating quality in the previous direct seeding methods but still have a problem in occurrence of weedy rice and ununiformed operation of wet or flooded soil condition. Also this technology has a limit in marketing and A/S system. Based on a theory of APCTT evaluation and analysis this technology may be more concentrated on establishment of a special cooperation team among researcher and scientists, extension workers, industry sections and governmental sectors in order to rapidly transfer this technology to farmer's field. Also there will be needed to operate a web site for this newly released technology to inform and exchange an idea, experiences and newly improved information. A feed back system might be operated in this technology as well to improve a technology under way on users' operation. Also user's manual will be internationally released and provided for farmer's instruction and training at field site.