• Title/Summary/Keyword: weed control effect

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Community Structure of Phytophagous Arthropods and Their Natural Enemies at Different Weed Management Systems in Apple Orchards (사과원 잡초관리 방법에 따른 사과해충 및 천적의 군집구조)

  • 김동순;이준호;전흥용;임명순;김기열
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.256-265
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    • 1995
  • The effect ground-cover weeds on the occurrence of apple pests and their natural enemies was studied in an apple orchard in Ahnsung, Kyung-gi do during seasons of 1993 and 1994. The major apple pests and their parasitoids and predators were surveyed on the apple tree canopy in tow experimental plots; a weed-free lot where all weeds were removed by herbicide treatment, and a mowed plot where weeds were allowed restrictly by cutting with an asickle. Also, a sweep net sampling was taken from ground-cover weeds in the mowed plot. There were no significant differences in the abundance of mite and aphids between two plots, although mite densities tend to be lower in the mowed plot. The apple leaf miner, Phyllonorycter ringoniella, was significantly fewer in the mowed plot,. The densities of natural enemies of mites and aphids were slightly higher in the mowed plot. The parasitism of apple leaf miner in the mowed plot was 6~10% and 20~25% higher than that in the weed-free plot in 1993 and 994, respectively. Several natural enemies such as Apanteles kuwayamai (Braconidae), Orius sauteri (Anthocoridae), Chrysopa sp. (Chrysopidae), coccinellidae, and Eulophidae were collected both from weeds and the apple trees, However, potential apple pests were not observed on weeds. The development of insect community on the apple tree canopy was restricted by the pesticide spray on apple trees, while the insect community on weeds was maintained without significant destruction by pesticides spray on apple trees. Consequentely, the ground-cover weeds under apple trees affected occurrences of apple pests and their natural enemies in apple trees. te specialist natural enemies such as apple leaf miner's parasitoids dispersed from weeds to the apple canopy and affected apple leaf miner density significantly. However, generalist predators that have preys available on weeds stayed on weeds, hence their control effects for mites and aphids on the apple canopy were low.

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Effect of Environmental Conditions on Germination and Emergence of Red Rice (Sare : Oryza sativa L.) (환경조건(環境條件)이 적미(赤米)(사레 : Oryza sativa L.)의 발아(發芽) 및 출아(出芽)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Ree, D.W.;Hong, Y.K.;Kim, J.C.;Kim, Y.H.;Song, Y.S.;Kim, H.D.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.143-148
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    • 1984
  • Experiments were carried out to study the germination and emergence of the red rice(sare) as a weed, Mong-geun sare, Sal sare, Ginkarag sare, Galsaegsal sare, Galsaegkarag sare. The germination and emergence of red rice were not greatly affected by soil salinification, soil pH and air temperature. Especially, in deep molding volume, emergence of red rice was greater than rice cultivar. It was considered to be due to the vitality of the mesocotyl. Submergence was expected to be a better way to control the red rice because germination rate of red rice was low under submergence.

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The Effect of Newly Synthesized Compounds on the Photosynthetic Electron Transport of Cyanobacteria (Anacystis nidulans $R_2$) (신규(新規) 합성화합물들이 cyanobacteria의 광합성전자전달계에 미치는 영향)

  • Hwang, I.T.;Kim, J.S.;Cho, K.Y.;Yoneyama, K.;Yoshida, S.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.89-95
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    • 1993
  • The Inhibiting activity of newly synthesized phenol (E-series) and triazine (T-series) derivatives was evaluated by using thylakoid membranes extracted from cyanobacteria (Anacystis nidulans $R_2$). There were no significant differences between phenol derivatives and dinoseb to the thylakoid membrane extracted from wild type in the Hill reaction. However, a phenol derivative, E-24 which has no -Cl at phenyl ring, did not show any activity. The longer the length of R substituents was in phenol derivatives, the lower inhibiting activity was in the Hill reaction. Triazine derivatives, T-27, T-28, T-40, T-41, T-47 and T-48 were also compared with diuron and atrazine. Among triazine compounds, T-27 and T-28 showed 10 and 30 times activity as high as atrazine to wild type, respectively. Other triazine derivatives, T-40, T-41, T-47 and T-48 showed low inhibiting activity to wild and mutant type. A structural difference of T-27 and T-28 from T-40, T-41, T-47 and T-48 was the presented of -C-NH-. Both T-27 and T-28 were very closely associated with serine, an amino acid located at the 264th position of D1 protein because of the resistant ratio(R/S) to mutant G-264 were higher than that of atrazine.

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Effects of Removing of Transparent Polyethylene Film on Garlic Growth, Yield and Weed Occurrence in double Layer mulching Cultivation (이중피복 마늘재배 시 투명P.E.필름 제거가 마늘 생육 및 수량과 잡초 발생에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jae-Sun;Kim, In-Jae;Youn, Cheol-Ku;Ahn, Ki-Su;Kim, Ki-Hyen;Nam, Sang-Yong;Kim, Hong-Sig
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.413-422
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    • 2013
  • This experiment was conducted to clarify the effect of double layer mulching on reducing the labor required to weed control and Leaf sheath training of the garlic cultivation. Six mulching methods(non-mulching, transparent P.E., rice hull+transparent P.E., sawdust+transparent P.E., rice straw+transparent P.E., black P.E. film+ transparent P.E.) were used for the experiment, and transparent P.E film was removed on April 10. Weed occurrence was in the order of black P.E. film< transparent P.E

Effect of Cyclosulfamuron on Rice Growth and Acetolactate Synthase Activity (Cyclosulfamuron이 벼의 생육과 Acetolactate Synthase 활성에 미치는 영향)

  • Ji, Seung-Hwan;Song, Sung-Do;Jeong, Byeong-Ryong
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.36-40
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    • 2003
  • Cyclosulfamuron a herbicide of sulfonylurea type, is a relatively new compound which control broad leaves and perennial weeds in rice field. However, this herbicide has a minor disadvantage of decreasing rice plant growth, especially in early growth stage. Therefore, far introducing this cyclosulfamuron as a herbicide in rice field, it is important to minimize the suppression of early plant growth with maintaining weed control efficacy. This study was conducted to evaluate effects of cyclosulfamuron early plant growth and acetolactate synthase activity of rice (Oryza sativa cv Dongjinbyeo, Hwasungbyeo, Ilpumbyeo). Rice growth was inhibited by cyclosulfamuron in their early growth stage. The concentrations required far 50% inhibition of Dongjinbyeo, Hwasungbyeo and Ilpumbyeo growth were 6.3, 9.2 and 146.mg/kg, respectively. Inhibition effect of cyclosulfamuron on the root elongation was greater than the effect on the shoot growth. Concentrations required far 50% inhibition of acetolactate synthase activity from Dongjinbyeo, Hwasungbyeo, Ilpumbyeo were 42.7, 32.7 and $56.7\;{\mu}M$, respectively.

Effects of Herbicide Application Method on Calysteria japonica Control and Corn Yield (제초제 처리방법이 메꽃방제 및 옥수수의 생산성에 미치는 영향)

  • Chung, E.S.;Kim, J.G.;Kang, W.S.;Seo, S.;Kim, K.N.
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.217-222
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    • 1998
  • This experiment was carried out to investigate effects of herbicide application method on Calysteria jcqoonica control and corn yield at the forage experimental field, grassland and forage crops division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon from 1996 to 1997. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replication. The herbicide application consisted of control, 2~3 leaf stage(Dicamba), 5~6 leaf stage(Dicamba) and soil treatment (Pendimethalin). The hybrid of corn used in this experiment was P 3352. The results obtained are summarized as follow; 1. The plant height was the lowest at control and the highest at Dicamba treatment in 5~6 leaf stage, but no significant difference was found among herbicide application method at ear height. Tasseling and silking date were delayed 2~3 day at control. The length and weight of ear were highest at Dicamba treatment in 2~3 leaf stage. 2. The herbicide injury of corn was very slightly after 10-20 day, but corn was recovered soon. The weed control value was 94.2~67.5% at herbicide application plot. 3. The fresh and dry matter yield of Dicamba treatment in 2-3 leaf stage was highest as 42,878 and 16,033kg/ha, respectively. The application of Dicamba increased the DM yield of corn by 13~30%. 4. Herbicide application time had little effect on the ADF, NDF and CP contents, but the forage quality of ear was higher than that of stover. The result of this experiment indicate that the application of Dicamba in 2~6 leaf stage of corn will remove almost all of Calysreria jqonica and increase DM yield of com.

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Effect of Plowing Frequency and Sowing Dates on the Agronomic Characteristics, Feed Value, Weed Yield and Palatability of Silage Corn (경운횟수와 파종기 이동이 사일리지용 옥수수의 생육특성, 사료가치, 잡초발생 및 가축의 기호성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Sang-Moo;Kim, Byoung-Tae;Hwang, Joo-Hwan;Jeon, Byoung-Tae;Moon, Sang-Ho
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.209-218
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    • 2007
  • This experiment was conducted to investigate effect of plowing frequency and sowing dates on the agronomic characteristics, feed value, weed yield and palatability of silage corn. Treatments were a basal treatment(C: May 5 seeding, plowing once, weeding control once), T1(May 12 seeding, plowing twice, weeding control 0 time), T2(May 19 seeding, plowing three times, weeding control 0 time, T3(May 26 seeding, plowing four times, weeding control 0 time) and T4(June 2 seeding, plowing five times, weeding control 0 time). The experiment was performed at the College of Life and Natural Sciences of Sangju University in Sangju in 2006. The plant height and ear height showed highly in order to C > T1 > T2 > T3 > T4 treatment, leaf length was the highest at T2 (96.0cm). Leaf width and number of dead leaf were the highest at C and T3 (11.2cm), C, C and T1 (4.6), respectively. Stem diameter was the highest at T3 as 31mm, while T2 was the lowest as 25mm (p<0.05). Ear circle showed highly in order of C > T1 > T4 > T3 > T4 (p<0.05), and tip filling degree was the highest at C treatment as 8.8, while T4 treatment was the lowest as 6.0 (p<0.05). The stem hardness and grain hardness were C < T1 < T2 < T3 < T4 (p<0.05). Stem saccharinity was T1(6.1%) was the highest, while T2(3.0%) was the lowest(P<0.05). Fresh yield of weed was the lowest at C treatment as 500 kg/ha, but T1 treatment was the highest as 44,100 kg/ha (p<0.05). Weed coverage rate showed highly in order of T1 > T2 > T3 > T4 > C treatment (p<0.05). Fresh yield of corn was the highest at C treatment as T3,550 kg/ha, but T4 treatment was the lowest as 65,500 kg/ha (p<0.05). Dry matter yield of corn showed highly in order of C(26,978 kg/ha) > T1(26,130 kg/ha) > T2(20,255 kg/ha) > T3(20,255 kg/ha) > T4(17,508 kg/ha) treatment (p<0.05). Crude protein content was T1(7.69%) > T4(7.42%) > T2(6.34%) > T3(5.99%) > C(5.91%) treatment (p<0.05), and Crude fat content showed highly in order of C (2.13%) > T1(2.04%) > T2(1.96%) > T3(1.95%) > T4(1.84%) treatment. Relative palatability of Holstein, Korean native goat and spotted deer was the highest at C treatment, but Korean native cattle was the highest at T1 treatment.

Growth Characteristics of Purple Nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus L.) and Establishment of Its Effective Control Method (향부자(Cyperus rotundus L.)의 생육특성 및 방제법에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Kyoung-Im;Kim, Kil-Ung;Shin, Dong-Hyun;Lee, In-Jung
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.136-145
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    • 1998
  • This study was conducted to determine the growth characteristics, and the effect of plant growth regulators on the sprouting and growth of purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus L.) in order to establish effective control system in lawn ground. The flowering of purple nutsedge was initiated 30 days after transplanting regardless of the transplanting time. Low temperature less than $10^{\circ}C$ after flowering was required for tuber formation, showing that the tuberization was related to air temperature. Shoot number and dry weight of underground portion of purple nutsedge was slightly affected by plant growth regulators such as benzylamino purine, abscisic acid, brassinosteroid and jasmonate. Imazaquin applied at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after transplanting induced multi-shooting and inhibited shoot growth indicating that the herbicide played a role as plant growth regulator at a concentration of 30 and 60g ai/10a. The greatest inhibition of purple nutsedge was obtained by pyrazosulfuron-ethyl as applied 1 weeks after transplanting, showing almost 100% control of purple nutsedge. Tuber of purple nutsedge composed of 61.83% of moisture, 31.60% of carbohydrates, 4.03% of crude protein, 1.57% of crude fat and 0.97% of crude ash.

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Effects of Pretilachlor, Pyrazoxyfen, Pyrazolate and Their Combinations on Barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus - galli P. Beauv. (피라졸계(系) 제초제(除草劑)의 단제(單劑) 및 혼합제(混合劑)가 피에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Kang, Byeung-Hoa
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.59-66
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    • 1986
  • This experiment was conducted with pot trial to evaluate effects of pretilachlor [2-chloro-2', 6'-diethyl-N(n-propoxythyl) acetanilide], pyrazoxyfen [ 1,3-dimethyl-4-(2,4-dichloro benzoyl)-5-phenacyloxy-pyrazole], pyrazolate (4-(2,4-dichloro benzoyl)-1,3-dimethyl-pyrazol-5-yl-p-toluenesulphonate] and their combinations on Echinochloa crew-galli. Herbicides were treated with different dosages under 3 cm water depth at 1st and 2nd leaf stages of E. crus-galli. E. crus-galli showed stunted symptom by treatment of pretilachlor and etiolation by treatment of pyrazoxyfen or pyrazolate after 4 days from treatment. Stunting and chlorosis degrees of E. crusgalli increased with high dosage of all herbicides at lst and 2nd leaf stage. Combination of pyrazoxyfen+pretilachlor (6+1.5)G or pyrazolate+pretilachlor (6+1.5)G showed positive synergistic effect of herbicidal action on E. crus-galli, therefore these combinations can control E. crux galli in paddy field with lower dosage than each single treatment of herbicides. Herbicidal effect of pyrazoxyfen on E. crus-galli was similar to pyrazolate in single treatment and combination with pretilachlor.

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Allelopathic Effect of Ganghwa mugwort (Artemisia spp.) on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Plants (강화약쑥 추출물이 종자발아 및 유식물 생장에 미치는 알레로파시 효과)

  • Lee, Joo-Hwa;Byeon, Ji-Hui;Lee, Jeong-Hoon;Park, Chun-Geon;Park, Chung-Berm;Cho, Joon-Hyeong
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.589-605
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to identify allelopathic effect of Ganghwa domestic Artemisia spp., named Sajabalssuk and Ssajuarissuk, for various receptor plants including clover (Trifolium repens L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), lawn grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), dandelion (Taraxacum platycarpum Dahlst.), and dahurianpatrinia (Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch. ex Trevir). Receptor plants were treated with the aqueous and essential oil extract of Artemisia plants. In consequence, their allelopathic effects were evaluated by measuring seed germination rates, seedling growth, and dry weights of the receptor plants. The seed germination and seedling growth of the receptor plants were inhibited by all treatments of both aqueous and essential oil extracts of the Artemisia plants, and, in addition, the inhibitory effects were increased according to the higher concentration. Among the donor plants, A. $sp.^*III$ showed most effective allelopathic effect. Comparing the alleopathic effect among the receptor plants, seed germination was most inhibited in lawn grass while inhibitory effect of seedling growth was comparatively higher in dandelion. Although inhibitory effects were comparatively lower, the allelopathic effects of Artemisia plants were identified in clover and alfalfa since the seedling growth of these plants were inhibited more than 70%. Thus, in result, Ganghwa domestic Artemisia spp. could be possibly used for weed control since natural products of the plants showed inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth of various receptor plants.